Sakhiwo umsebenzi nezindlala salivary

Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, kwakubikwa indlela ezithakazelisayo ukuthola is benecala noma cha. Wathenjiswa ukuzama irayisi ezomile. Uma umuntu akakwazanga akugwinya, mina-ke enecala. Manje kunzima ukukukholelwa, kodwa ngaso enhliziyweni indlela esinjalo umsebenzi nezindlala salivary. Lesi sihloko kanye uzobe anikezelwe athikili yethu.

Izici Ukwakheka kohlelo womuntu wokugaya ukudla

isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene yomuntu uvezwa izingxenye ezimbili. Lokhu "tube" kudlule-ngokusebenzisa ebizwe ipheshana wokugaya ukudla bese wendlala. Kwakamuva secrete izinto ezikhethekile - enzyme. Bona kusheshiswe chemical ukusabela, esiza sokudiliza ukudla esiqeshini. Kubantu, ezintathu izinhlobo nezindlala. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa salivary. Basuke ise ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo.

Uyini umsebenzi nezindlala salivary? Zinikeza ukucutshungulwa eyinhloko ukudla. Nakuba ama-enzyme equkethe ngamathe, uyakwazi sakhathala salokhu sinamathele carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi kuphela ku lula.

Ukugaya ku ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo

Umsebenzi we nezindlala salivary iyaqala wenziwa kuphela ngemva ukuhlaziywa temlomo kwenzeka ku ukunambitheka kokudla futhi lokushisa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngosizo zokwakheka ebucayi ise mucosa, - receptor.

Uma emlonyeni, ukudla wetted futhi machined usebenzisa amazinyo. Kubantu, basuke umahluko. Kuye isakhiwo, ifomu bese umsebenzi ukuhlukanisa amazinyo, canines, molars ezincane nezinkulu. Iphinde kwenzeka nasekufuyeni chemical ukudla amathe.

Sakhiwo umsebenzi nezindlala salivary

Kubantu, kukhona ezintathu namabhuzu ezinkulu salivary nezindlala: parotid, submandibular futhi sublingual. Eyokuqala itholakala endaweni imisipha masticatory. Ziyakwazi mkhulu kunokhalo emsipheni ebusweni, carotid Umthambo futhi emthanjeni. I sublingual endaweni Amapayipi evulekile nezindlala submandibular. Basuke bephethe amagatsha Umthambo ebusweni. Sublingual ezincane kunazo ngobukhulu phakathi ohlwini. Basuke etholakala emphethweni eponymous. Ukuze nezindlala encane salivary kukhona LasePalatine, lingual, labial, buccal kanye izinyo lomhlathi. Beka kwasendaweni yabo mucosa ngomlomo.

Salivary indlala umsebenzi e ukugaya kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko nokwakheka kwezicubu, okuyinto akha - okungukuthi, epithelium yezindlala. Lokhu izicubu siqukethe encane amaseli, enqwabelene. Ngenxa yalesi isakhiwo sidala umgoqo yemvelo phakathi umzimba kanye nemvelo.

Ukwakheka ngamathe

Njengoba salivary indlala umsebenzi njengoba ogelezayo nokumanzisa futhi eqhekeza eyinhloko ukudla Ukwakheka e uketshezi zabo kukhona amanzi kanye enzyme ahlukahlukene. Izakhiwo ngamathe uketshezi muco-ingcina. Ukuthi amanzi isisekelo salo, bangazihluphi ngaphezu kuka 98% of the ukwakheka Imininingwane. Enzyme, okuhlanganisa Amylase, maltase futhi lysozyme kugaywe carbohydrate. ukungaguquguquki lwamafinyila amathe inamathela imfuyo ikakhulukazi - mucin. impahla abahlukile has i-hormone parotin. Liphinde ezitholakala ngamathe futhi kungaqinisa koqweqwe lwawo.

I ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo njalo zabelwe amaminerali kanye udaba eziphilayo. Iqembu lokuqala yakhiwa sodium ion, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-silicon magnesium, ithusi, kanye chloride zabo, carbonates nezinhlobo zikasawoti. nabavoti Organic amathe ngamaphrotheni, ama-enzyme, amahomoni namavithamini.

Kodwa iphesenti izakhi idatha akuyona njalo. izakhi Ukwakheka ngamathe ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu ubudala, isimo sezempilo, ukudla Ukwakheka, khona imikhuba emibi kubantu. Ngakho, izinga thiocyanate e ababhemayo iphezulu kakhulu, kusukela yalolu ketshezi iwukudambisa ubuthi lentuthu kagwayi. Njengoba bekhula, ngamathe womuntu okuqukethwe lelitfutfukile magnesium calcium.

lysozyme

Eyesibili igama yalolu ketshezi - muramidase. It kungokwalabo iqembu enzyme hydrolytic. Ngaphezu kwalokho ngamathe, lysozyme ungaphakathi uketshezi izinyembezi, igobolondo le-pheshana emathunjini, isikhwehlela acinene, igazi, isibindi, uqwanga. Eziningi zazo futhi ubisi lwebele. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi the human kule ndaba okuningi kuka ku inkomo. Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani lysozyme ubisi liyakhuphuka.

Muramidase uyakwazi sakhathala salokhu sinamathele izindonga cell kwamagciwane. Lokhu kuchaza magciwane yayo izakhiwo. Amasu lysozyme futhi iqanda omhlophe. Phakathi eziphilayo isitshalo yalolu ketshezi iqukethe horseradish, turnips, iklabishi isithombo.

Amylase futhi maltase

Umsebenzi enzyme of salivary nezindlala - ngokuyinhloko ukwabiwa izimfihlo sokudiliza polysaccharides. Sekukonke kukhona abangaba ngamashumi ayisihlanu. Khona-ke abakhululiwe ehola kukhona Amylase futhi maltase.

carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi babizwa nangokuthi ushukela. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi amnandi ukunambitheka. Ngakho, bonke ukudla ocebile polysaccharides Lokudabuka zemifino. Kodwa kukhona bumnandi e cleavage yabo. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kungenxa yokuthi ngokuhamba le nqubo ukhiqiza monosaccharides, noma ushukela. Banezinhliziyo ubumnandi.

Kungani ukudla isitshalo kugaywe ngokushesha kangaka? Iqiniso ukuthi enzyme ngamathe ziqala ukuyeka carbohydrate umlomo kakade. Kodwa amaprotheni kanye carbohydrate sokudiliza ku monomers kuphela esiswini. Amakhabhohayidrethi futhi uthole kukhona ayesehlukene futhi isilungele ukumuncwa. Ngakho-ke, ukudla isitshalo kusiza kakhulu umsebenzi wokugaya ukudla.

Izakhiwo ngamathe enzyme manje kabanzi embonini. Ngokwesibonelo, Amylase, aqukethe imvubelo, ukungezwa wabhaka izimpahla ukuze bathuthukise izinga lokuphila kwabo. Kodwa yobukhona babo izihlanzi unekhono ngokushesha kugaywe isitashi.

mucin

Umsebenzi we nezindlala salivary ubuye moistening umlomo futhi izinhlayiyana zokudla. It wenza mucin. Le into ibizwa isikhwehlela. Kodwa eqinisweni kuba iprotheni eziyinkimbinkimbi yakhiwa, ngaphezu kwama-amino acid, ama-carbohydrate afakiwe. Mucin kwenza ngamathe viscous ngoba unekhono ukugcina amanzi. Yena umboza ezokuhlafunwa nezixhobo ukudla, abenze uyakwazi ndima okwengeziwe ngokusebenzisa ipheshana wokugaya ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhwehlela futhi uye magciwane izakhiwo. It kuvimbela okunamathiselwe legciwane le mucosa ngomlomo, kanye ekuqongeleleni yabo ingaphakathi layo.

Kangakanani ngamathe

Inqubo ngamathe reflex kwenzeka. Nakuba udla ukudla ecasula receptor ulimi nomlomo. Lokhu kukhipha ezinzwa amaza ukuthi isinyathelo Imicu yotshani sezinzwa ku oblongata medulla. Kukhona maphakathi amathe. Kusukela emuva nezindlala amaza yakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, salivate. Emini ke ikhiqizwa umuntu ukuba 1.5 amalitha. Amathe sokudla emlonyeni iza ngqo, ebizwa ngokuthi unconditioned.

Kodwa kungase kwenzeke ngaphandle kobukhona ukudla. Ngokwesibonelo, ngamathe kungenziwa 'idla yodwa abantu lapho bebona ukudla noma umfanekiso waso, lokuhogela, noma ngisho bacabanga ukubhema. Kukhumbuleni nje, kubonakala sengathi i-lemon omuncu. Lokhu ngokushesha abangele amathe. Kodwa-ke kufanele kube reflex moya.

Kuthiwa cishe akusho ivelele ngesikhathi sokulala ngamathe. Ukunciphisa ubukhulu bayo kanye phakathi esindayo izimo ukucindezeleka, izenzo izinzwa, nge amanzi emzimbeni, okungabangela inkinga yezinzwa, menopause nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso kanye nesifo sikashukela.

It is njengoba isifo esingelapheki lapho inani ngamathe alanele ezaziwayo. Ibizwa ngokuthi xerostomia. Izimpawu zalesi sifo nomlomo owomile, viscosity ngokweqile ngamathe, ukudla kunambitheke insensitivity, ubuhlungu ngesikhathi nokugwinya nekukhuluma.

ukugwinya ukudla

Umsebenzi we nezindlala salivary, okuyinto eyenzeka kuwo emlonyeni, okwenza kube lula ukuze uyothuthukisa ukukhuthazwa ukudla. Ngesikhathi ukudla kugwinyiwe, isivele athutha imibengo, elina kancane kugaywe. ulimi kuholela ekutheni ukudla yinhlama ukuze emphinjeni. Njengoba engena emphinjeni? Lokhu kungenxa entengo ulimi nomphimbo imisipha. Ngalesi sikhathi, emnyango umgudu uvala uqwanga supraglottic. udonga ngomphimbo ngesikhathi esifanayo nazo ziye zancipha futhi esigaxeni ihamba engxenyeni esinwebiwe iningi emizimbeni uhlelo - isisu.

Ngakho, imisebenzi nezindlala salivary womuntu ezilandelayo:

- enzyme - ukugaya kwama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi ku elula;

- Avikelayo - neutralization of nezilwanyana ezincane, ukuphiliswa le mucosa ngomlomo, ukunikeza kwefilimu koqweqwe lwawo ngezinyo, ebavikela acid organic;

- wokugaya ukudla - ogelezayo nokumanzisa futhi akuthanjiswanga ukudla;

- i-hormone - ukuhlinzeka ezilamatshe aligugu okuqinile namazinyo kwezicubu;

- yokuhlanza - elution nokususwa kusukela ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo izinhlayiya angaphandle, izinsalela zokudla, nezilwanyana ezincane kanye ubuthi.