Rothko Mark. Imidwebo ngesitayela sokuveza okungabonakali

Ubuciko obungabonakali, umdwebo ongenangqondo awukhiphi ukuhlaziywa okubandayo. Umsebenzi womculi onjalo njengoRothko Mark, okudwetshwa kwakhe akuqukethe izinto ezivela ezweni langempela - ubuciko obumbulu ngendlela ehlanzekile. I-logic futhi ifuna ama-analogi ajwayelekile angaphazamisa umbukeli ekuboneni indlela yokuzibonakalisa kukaRothko, ekufuneni umculi adlulisele umgwaqo omude nobunzima.

Ukuthola Indlela Yakho

UMarkus Yakovlevich Rotkovich wazalelwa ngo-1903 edolobheni laseDvinsk, esifundazweni saseVitebsk (manje isiLatvia Daugavpils). Ngemva kweminyaka eyi-10, umndeni wakhe wathuthela eMelika, futhi kwakudingeka uhambe ngezinselelo eziningi zempilo. Akazange athole ngokushesha indlela yakhe empilweni, ngengozi ngokushaya imvelo. Eminyakeni yama-30 no-40 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwakuyi-USA eyaba yikhungo sokuthuthukiswa kobuciko be-avant-garde-abstractionists ezivela emazweni ase- Yurophu aqhutshwa ngaphandle.

Ngo-1938, lo mculi waqamba igama elithi Rothko Mark. Imidwebo yaleso sikhathi eyadala ngaphansi kwethonya le-cube-faturist uMark Weber (1881-1961) no-surrealist u-Arshile Gorky (1904-1948). URothko ubelokhu efuna indlela yakhe isikhathi eside. Wadlula isikhathi sokuthakazelisa nomdwebo ongokomfanekiso: wabhala ama-portraits nezindawo zasemadolobheni ("Woman in Sewing", 1935, "Ngaphansi komhlaba", 1938). Izisusa ezingenangqondo emsebenzini wakhe zanda kakhulu ekuthandweni kwemibono emisha yefilosofi: intshisekelo yokungabi nalutho, ezweni elingaphakathi lomuntu, esimweni sokuzwakalisa imizwa nemibono.

Okokuqala, inkathi yokudangala okukhulu, khona-ke ukuqala kwempi yezwe entsha, kwakha isimo emphakathini lapho izimpawu zomlando zanyamalala khona. Umculi ufuna ukusekelwa ngezihloko zenganekwane ("Antigone", 1941, "Izinyoni ezizimele", 1945), bese eza emdwebo ongenakuqhathaniswa.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-50 kwakha umcimbi onjalo wobuciko njengoRothko. UMarku, odwetshwayo emibili noma emithathu ephindaphindiwe, wathola indlela yakhe. Ukudweba insimu enemibala - incazelo enjalo ithole ukugxeka kwindlela kaRothko.

Ifomu elula imibono eyinkimbinkimbi

Umculi ngokwakhe wayengathandi ukuchaza imidwebo yakhe futhi akakwazanga ukuma lapho abanye bekwenza. Akazange azame ukudalula lo mqondo ngamagama, ngakho-ke, emahholo omnyuziyamu lapho uMark Rothko emele khona, izithombe ezinamafomu ngenombolo yocingo kanye nosuku lokudalwa.

Akakwazanga ukwamukela lapho ebizwa ngokuthi i-abstractionist, ngoba wayebheka ukuthi imidwebo yakhe ibonisa impilo yangempela, izinto eziphilayo ezifuna ukuxhumana nombukeli.

Wayengenandaba nombono wakhe njengomculi - "umbala", nakuba ayehlale esebenza ngokucophelela ngombala, ngisho nokugqoka imibala, ukufeza umbala oyifunayo nokuvumelana. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, wayecabanga ukuthi isilinganiso sabantu abaningi kanye neminingi yalezi zingqimba ezakha izingoma zakhe.

Ukudweba njengendawo yaseshashalazini

Ngesikhathi esemusha, uRothko wayefuna ukubandakanya ngokungathí sina ubuciko obuhle futhi cishe akazange angene izifundo zokusebenza. Izingoma zakhe wayevame ukubiza amadrama, futhi kulula ukucabanga ngendawo enhle. Lokhu kungachaza esinye isici sethonya lemidwebo kaRothko ezilalelini.

Abaningi bagubha ukubandakanyeka okungavamile endaweni yokudweba. Ukuze kuvezwe imisebenzi yakhe, lo mculi wakhetha ukukhanya okukhazimulayo okufiphele, cishe ubumnyama. Futhi ibanga elincenga ngalo ukubuka isithombe, uRothko wachaza ngamasentimitha angu-45 (45 cm). Njengoba kunikezwe ukubonakala kwesibonakaliso semingcele yemidwebo enemibala, ukungafani kokupenda kwendwangu (ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswe ama-multilayer), umuntu angachaza ukubonakala kwe-motion engaphakathi kwesithombe, okwenza kube neminye imizwa ekhanyayo.

I-Chapel kaRothko

Yeka ukuthi kubaluleke kanjani ukuhlela isikhala somdwebo womdwebi nezindlela zokubona imidwebo yakhe, umuntu angaqonda kusukela emlandweni womsebenzi wakhe ekwakhiweni kwesonto lesonto e-Institute of Religion eHouston. Amapaneli amakhulu abhalwa ithempeli atholakala egumbini elenzelwe izifiso zikaRothko. UMarku, onesithombe kulolu cala cishe i-monochrome, wahlanganyela ekwakheni nasekukhanyeni kwehholo.

Isonto, lapho isonto liyingxenye, aliyona inkolo ethize futhi inikezelwe kuNkulunkulu. Ukuzindla, okuxhunywe emkhathini wezwe kugcwalisa ihholo elise-octagonal elinomthombo okhanyayo osemgodini. Kulesi gumbi, futhi wabeka isithombe sikaMark Rothko. Isithombe sikhombisa ukuthi lesi sibonakaliso sinamandla kangakanani.

Indlela ende yokuqashelwa

Izimo zobomi bomuntu womculi kwakungelula. Iminyaka ende yobumpofu, ukungakholelwa ukuthi abantu abasondelene kakhulu ngethalenta lakhe bamthinte kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ubuciko bukaMark Rothko ngeke bubizwe ngokuthi buhle. Ngisho nezingoma ezivela emabhuloki enemibala ekhanyayo nezifudumele kubangela imizwelo enamandla kakhulu. Inkulumo yengozi empilweni yomphakathi futhi umuntu ngamunye ubizwa ngokuthi isihloko esiyinhloko somculi.

Ukufa njengesithombe sokugcina

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-60 kwafika inkazimulo, imali, kodwa isetshenziswe izifo, ukuphazamiseka komndeni. Ngo-Ephreli 25, 1970, lo mculi wazibulala ngokuvula izivilini zakhe. UMark Rothko - imidwebo, izithombe zakhe zagcwalisa wonke amaphephandaba nomagazini - wasayina umsebenzi wakhe wokugcina ...

Bathi akakwazanga ukucabanga ukuthi imidwebo yakhe ithengwa nje ngokuhlobisa ingaphakathi. Ngemva kokusebenza iminyaka emibili ngomyalelo wokudlela okubizayo eNew York, uRothko wabuyela phambili futhi wenqabe ukusebenza lapho efaka amadoda acebile ahlakulela ephaneli lakhe.

Iqoqo elihle kunazo zonke emhlabeni lobuciko besikhathi esidlule akunakucatshangwa ngaphandle kwemidwebo uMark Rothko abhale. "I-Orange, Ebomvu, Ephuzi," "I-White Center" - ngoba lezi zithombe zikhokhwa ezithengweni ezingenakucabangela izigidi zamaRandi. Lezi zibalo ikakhulukazi ziphazamisa abantu ababona izindawo ezingafani kahle, hhayi ukuphazamisa ukuthatha isinyathelo emibonweni nemibono emisha. Futhi kungakanani inkululeko, kungakanani ubuhlungu bomuntu nomculi?