Poppy (umndeni): izici jikelele, izici ifomula ezimibalabala

Poppy - umkhaya izitshalo dicotyledonous we ranunculales ukuze wanika isintu elidumile opium poppy ngesikhathi esifanayo eziningi zokuhlobisa engadini izimbali. Lesi sihloko sinikeza incazelo jikelele izitshalo Botanical.

izici papaveraceous

Umndeni wehlukile kakhulu. Kuhlanganisa mayelana 700 zinhlobo, abanobunye 45 izizukulwane. Isikhathi esiningi kuba utshani, akuvamile nezihlahla kanye sub-nezihlahla, ngaphandle - izihlahla ezincane namahlamvu kakhulu dissected noma yonke ngaphandle stipules. Distribution geography kusishiya sibambe ongezansi, kodwa ngobuningi Abamele likhula zindawo enyakatho futhi athokomele. Inombolo enkulu of zinhlobo (kuka 300) kungokwalabo uhlobo lwe Corydalis.

Papaveraceous: jikelele izici imbali

Ukuze amalungu omkhaya zinezikhathi Poppy Izimbali ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane, elise singly noma bahlangana inflorescences ezinhlobo ezehlukene, ngokwezinga elithile cyclical, zygomorphic noma kwesokudla. Banezinhliziyo perianth double, yebhangqa sepals caducous futhi, njengoba umthetho, 4 amacembe, akuvamile ngaphezulu. Ukuze poppy elinesimo sebuningini stamens noma stigmas amakholomu zinhlobo sedentary esibelethweni phezulu. Izithelo - pod noma capsule iqukethe imbewu encane nge endosperm futhi lwegciwane, has mlechnikami, kodwa abawona esihlupha bonke zilwane. Ngaphandle kokukhetha, zonke izitshalo aqukethe alkaloids.

izimbali Poppy ku ukwehluka umndeni kuyinto okusikhumbuza Ranunculaceae. Futhi lapho, futhi lapho kwenzeka ukuma actinomorphic futhi zygomorphic, ezahlukene ngokuphelele nomunye.

subfamily

Papaveraceous ihlukaniswe subfamilies ezimbili. Umbandela esiyinhloko ngezigaba lokuzalwa - isakhiwo imbali. Ngokwesibonelo, celandine, poppy isimo lesifanele futhi basonta subfamily Empeleni poppy, futhi abameleli zygomorphic - ukuze Dymyankovym. Ake imininingwane yesibili ngaphezulu. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke uhlobo lwe Dymyankovyh - Corydalis - kuhlanganisa zinhlobo mayelana 300. Bonke etshalwa ezindaweni esipholile ezintaba zase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Abaningi babo - geophytes nge nezilimo eziyizigaxa (ikakhulukazi impande imvelaphi), kanye ephemeroids. Ikakhulu, libhekisela kulabo abajwayelene bonke Corydalis vulgaris. Plant nge emabhulashini ezinkulu onsomi-pink izimbali, okuyinto ikakhulukazi abathandwa bumblebees. Ngesimo zakhuza zygomorphic. Isizathu salokho - ithebhu umbuthano yangaphandle, side e sangaleso. Kodwa uma uqhathanisa Corydalis futhi ishadi Aconite, singabona a izinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuphelele zigomorfii - ekuqaleni transverse. Lezi zici izimbali kuphela poppy umndeni.

taxonomy ezibangwayo

Ukuze uqale, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi namuhla ezithandwayo ezimbili zama-taxonomy zezimbali: APG II uhlelo (eyanyatheliswa ngo-2003) kanye Cronquist ngezigaba akhiwa sezitshalo American. Eyesibili is kabanzi lisetshenziswe owaqalwa, futhi ezincwadini zanamuhla. Uma ukholwa ukuthi uhlelo APG II, Poppy izitshalo umndeni basonta ranunculales oda. idatha okunjalo ngokuvamile itholakala ku izinsiza inthanethi. Nokho, ngokuvumelana ngezigaba bendabuko, banayo oda zabo - Makotsvetnye.

Zezitshalo ukuqaphela ukuthi isikhundla esihleliwe umndeni kuyadida ngempela. Ngokusobala, Poppy kufanele Ranunculaceae (ngezansi Buttercup elikhulu) okhokho ezivamile. Kulokhu, ezinye lokuzalwa okuthakazelisa kakhulu Melika. Sinenkosi nezici imbali Ranunculaceae futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo babe mlechniki lowo they cha are alandisa uphawu, okuyinto has umndeni poppy.

Abamele yakhe sasivumela owaziwa, ikakhulukazi izitshalo horticultural. Nokho, enhle kakhulu, yebo, iyona poppy opium. Kuyinto fair ukwengeza ukuthi uba nedumela elibi.

opium poppy

Yena njengamanje basakaza kuphela isiko. Ikhishwa ngokuvamile kusukela bolls beya juice Milky amumethe alkaloids, okuyinto bayaziswa kusuka umbono wezokwelapha .. Narcotine, morphine, Codeine, njll Sekuyisikhathi eside opium ukubhema kwakuthé chithi saka-Asia, ikakhulukazi e-China, lapho kwakulula khona umuntu othile okukhulunywa ngaye mass. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sitshalo alisizanga kuphela kodwa futhi siyingozi. poppy Growing (opium, nezinye izinhlobo zezidakamizwa equkethe compounds) eRussia kungavunyelwe ekulweni nezidakamizwa kusukela ngo-2004.

Amanye amalungu omndeni

Oholela ingxoxo mayelana papaveraceous, ingasaphathwa lokuthi kuhlanganisa eziningi izinhlobo izitshalo ezibalulekile engadini zokwelapha zokuhlobisa.

• Rhode celandine. Okwamanje sifaka zinhlobo ezimbili kuphela: Asian and big. Bobabili izitshalo babe izakhiwo eziqinile zokwelapha abantu abawaziyo kusukela kudala. Ngo abantu, eyaziwa ngokuthi "nipplewort" ngenxa ikhono juice ukwelapha izifo zesikhumba kanye baphethe warts.
• Uhlobo lwe Corydalis. Kuhlanganisa eziningana zezinto eziphilayo, izitshalo ikakhulukazi zisetshenziswa. Sici sici - the ukuqina impande tuberous, ezinkulu racemose inflorescence. Amalungu uhlobo lwe - kuyinto izitshalo zokwelapha ezibalulekile, kodwa futhi uju isitshalo hhayi kuphela. Kukhishwe amafomu okuhlobisa nezinhlobonhlobo.
• Rhode eschscholzia - a uhlobo lwe elincane izitshalo kusuka eNyakatho neMelika, okubandakanya mayelana 10 zilwane. abameleli balo kangcono eyaziwa ngokuthi izitshalo Ornamental, umusa njengoba unyaka.

• Rhode Argemona. ayelapha zezitshalo bebelokhu baziwa ngokuphakamisa Aztec. Manje lo mncintiswano bubaluleke zayo Ornamental kakhulu futhi sisetshenziswa kabanzi engadini kanye ukulima zasendlini.
• Rhode Sanguinar kuhlanganisa ziwuhlobo olulodwa kuphela. Yemvelo isitshalo ukukhula imvelo - amahlathi empumalanga eNyakatho neMelika. Zonke izingxenye zayo aqukethe alkaloids enobuthi kakhulu. Sanguinar Canadian asetshenziswe yezemithi imithi yendabuko.