Iqoqo enkulu kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele yobuciko Russian - Russian Museum (imidwebo)

Ekuqaleni, Russian Museum, imidwebo amelela ukuqoqwa art Russian esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, uJesu wazalwa iqoqo amakhosi kuphela Russian.

Kuyaqala

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe yasungulwa ngomthetho uNicholas II ngo-1895, futhi wathola isihloko "Russian Museum of uMbusi u-Alexander III». Kungani? Ngenxa yokuthi umbono ka-indalo yayo kwakungekaNkulunkulu eyaziwa ngokuba Alexander yakhe yokushisekela izwe Alexandrovich Romanov. Kuze kube yimanje, wanquma ukuthenga i-out inzalo ka-Mikhail Pavlovich Romanov Mikhailovsky Palace, njengoba nezingane zabazukulu Paul mina baye eside izakhamuzi zaseJalimane Russia iboshelwe impahla yabo kuphela. Alexander III washona ngo-1894, futhi ngo-1895 uNicholas II, ngubani egcwalisa intando kayise, wathenga yengcebo yasesigodlweni senkhosi kanye wasungula Museum Russian. Imidwebo ngoba eyatholakala kusukela engcebeni eziningana Russian.

Umthamo wemvula lokuqala

Inani elikhulu imidwebo unikezwa Russian Academy of Arts kanye Hermitage, ngokulandelana, 122 80 imidwebo. Kusukela Winter izigodlo ezimbili suburban (Gatchina no-Aleksandru) wathola imisebenzi 95. Russian Museum, ogama imidwebo ekuvulweni ngokuvamile ngiwuqeda ngonyaka bezingaphansi amayunithi 445, 148 imidwebo etholakele ezizimele. Imali ehlinzekwe inzalo ngobukhulu AB Lobanov-Rostovsky, ohlakaniphile isiRashiya, isikhulu kabani umndeni babevela Rurik, futhi M. K. Tenishevoy, Princess, nomvikeli, owawungumnyaka ngokwayo abaculi koqweqwe lwawo. Umqondo udala Museum yobuciko Russian uwile ngakho kakhulu esilindele abalandeli yobuciko, ukuthi ukhona ukuqoqwa liye laphindeka kabili eminyakeni 10. idiphozi ngenxa kokubili izimali uMgcinimafa le njongo, futhi wonke ngeminikelo.

Efiswayo okungenani polity

Eminyakeni yokuqala ngemva Museum yavuleka ngezithukuthuku uhulumeni ezizimele. I-Russian Museum, Umdwebo efika ngamanani amakhulu ngenxa yomsebenzi obabukhona kusukela ngo-1921 kuya ku-1928 i-State Museum Isikhwama. Ngakho, ngo-1925, imidwebo eqoqweni Museum yayisifile 3648. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi phakathi neminyaka yempi ukuvinjelwa akusho ubuhlungu noma ikhophi eyodwa Imidwebo Museum egcinwe ezindlini futhi wasuswa kusuka ezingaphezu kuka-7.5 ayizinkulungwane. E Perm. Kuyo yonke iminyaka engu-khona uthando izakhamizi elikhetheke kanjani Museum Russian ivuliwe iNeva. Petersburg isithombe zemibukiso yabo edumile emhlabeni wonke njalo eqoqwe okungcono. Yena ayenamandla okukwenza, ukuba inhloko-dolobha umbuso omkhulu ocebile. Hermitage ingenye 10 engcono iminyuziyamu emhlabeni. Kodwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, isakhiwo main esemgwaqweni maphakathi inhlokodolobha enyakatho, phezu yashayisa unqenqema we Griboyedov Canal, Ukwakha 2, akuyona bancishwa yimuphi udumo emhlabeni wonke futhi ngizinaka, noma uthando kubo bonke abantu baseRussia.

I edume amagugu afihlekile

Russian Museum, okuyinto izithombe Ngokwenza kanjalo owaziwa? Kusukela kuvulwa ngoMashi 1898 kuze kube namuhla esekela yokwemukela yakhe yokuqala. Ikakhulu abesifazane ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi noKarla Bryullova kusukela Hermitage Ubuciko, I. I. Ivanova, F. A Bruni futhi I. K. Ayvazovskogo. ingcebo enjalo ngokuthi "Izinsuku Zokugcina yasePompeii" noma "I lesishiyagalolunye Wave", ungakwazi kuphela baphupha yengcebo emhlabeni yobuciko.

Argunova imidwebo awufi Levitsky, Venetsianov futhi Kiprensky, Tropinin futhi fedotov babevela Academy of Arts. Ayikho umdwebi isiRashiya, omisebenzi yakhe esasingeke Russian Museum. Aivazovsky imidwebo okuyinto ababuthelwa e inombolo ihholo 9 - labalobi avelele iqoqo.

Aivazovsky - omunye amagugu enkulu umqhele

Phakathi zabalingiswa emhlabeni esidumile umdwebi zasolwandle ukuqoqwa Russian Museum futhi kukhona ngendwangu ku oluveza uJuda ukukhashelwa ngesikhathi ngoKristu kuwo. Kukhona enhle kakhulu wokudonsa, kukhona ukubukwa emangalisa mlilo iVesuvius. Kodwa-ke, i-enhle kakhulu imidwebo yakhe enikelwe kulo ulwandle: kanye aseBaltic nasengxenyeni iMedithera. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, nalapho inyanga nenkanyezi aphuphuthekise ilanga - ulwandle Aivazovsky esihle. Esikhathini Russian Museum Ukukhetha elimangalisayo imisebenzi yakhe: olwandle isiphepho, futhi ezolile kuqediwe, nomkhumbi ocwilayo osizini ngeqholo emi imigwaqo, kaseyili engenabantu lonke isigaba, dvadtsatipushechnye imikhumbi nezikebhe zokudoba - Mariny Ayvazovskogo ahlukile, esiyingqayizivele, okumnandi, futhi yabo okuningi. Endaweni ehlukile, ungakhuluma mayelana ngomkhumbi, ovuthayo yilanga ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, eduze futhi emkhathizwe.

Phezulu lokusungula

Sekukonke, Russian Museum itholakala imidwebo walo mculi omkhulu, owaziwa ngokuba ifa layo elikhulu engaphezu kwengu-20. Petersburg Museum has a "kushaft lesishiyagalolunye". Indwangu ziyaphawuleka, ababethi 1850, iyona Umdwebo edume kakhulu umculi. Omunye imidwebo oyisilomo art Russian, okuthiwa, ngisho ezingaqondakali, bakhuthazwa ukuba ukubhala izinkondlo akuyona imbongi, kokubili ezifuywayo angaphandle. Ethandwa kakhulu kukhona amavesi Baratynsky eyabhalwa umbono walesi wobuciko. Raging ocean imbongi ezinikezela migqa elandelayo: "... yathuthumela emhlabeni phambi kwakhe, zifihlwe esibhakabhakeni enamaphiko omkhulu ..."