Pisa Cathedral: Indaba isitayela esiyingqayizivele. Iqophelo lohlangothi kanye okubhapathiza

Pisa Cathedral itholakala edolobheni elincane Italian of Pisa. Cathedral kanye edume Ukuncika Tower kanye okubhapathiza iyisici esibonisa edolobheni, edonsa amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezivakashi minyaka yonke. Umuzi wakhiwe eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, namhlanje inezinhlobo engaphansana nje kwengu-90 eziyinkulungwane. Man. Lapha Ngazalwa futhi wafundisa eyunivesithi yendawo edume uGalileo Galilei, futhi ingadi Botanical emzini kufaneleke ukuba athi ukuba okungcono emhlabeni. Ithempeli uqeda omangalisayo ukubukeka medieval idolobha emangalisayo, noma imuphi umhlali bayokujabulela ngiyisho nokuthi ukubonisa lapho lombhishobhi Pisa.

Umlando ukwakhiwa kwethempeli

Pisa Cathedral lombhishobhi edolobheni futhi omunye omdala e-Italy. It yasungulwa ngo 1063, esikhathini sokuchuma of Pisa, egcwele omunye enkulu yezitolo amasayithi e-Italy. Ukwakhiwa yathatha cishe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka, futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi lombhishobhi atholwe ukubukeka yaso ehlukile futhi inimitable.

Lakhiwa umakhi Busketo Di Dzhovanni Giudice, okuyinto ngalezo zinsuku yayaziwa ukucabanga ezintsha nokwakhiwa esikalini. Phambi kwakhe kwaba umsebenzi onzima - ke kwakudingekile ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo owawuzoba bathonywa ubuhle uhlelo kanye Cathedral of St. Mark e Venice, elakhiwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Pisa kanye Venice ncintisana each nye kuzo zonke izinto, futhi iziphathimandla Ukuncika ayikwazanga ulahlekelwe lokhu ingxabano.

Busketo wakhulelwa impela lombhishobhi grand - esakhiweni efanayo wayefuna ihlanganise Amathrendi eziningana yezakhiwo. Ngakho Pisa Cathedral, ogama isitayela kwaba evula isikhathi, ngikutholile tincenye WaseByzantium, Lombard kanye Muslim. Busketo ephethwe hhayi kuphela ukwakha ubuhle obukhulu bomthombo ibandla; idale isiqondiso ngokuyinhloko entsha bokwakha - Pisan Romanesque isitayela.

ukubukeka

Design olungaphambili lwesonto eyinhloko Cathedral matasa ngomunye wezakhiwo, Rainaldo. Yena kulekelelwa imibono yakhe Busketo waphakamisa Izinto ezimbalwa design efanayo. Olungaphambili lwesonto main inokubukeka okusha - manje wayesephethwe ehlotshisiwe ngu zokudlala ongaphambili omise, wenza ngendlela elula. Ebhekene abamnyama, okumhlophe nokuluhlaza amhlophe iphethini checkerboard. Lokhu isixazululo esilula ubukeka olubabazeka kakhulu, eqhathanisa nelanga elikhanyayo futhi ikhanga nhla ekuthandeni.

Cathedral lwaleli namakholomu zazenziwe isikhathi amakhosi engcono ukuthi kubonakala ukuhlolisisa ukucutshungulwa ingxenye ngayinye. Pisa Cathedral has ukuma esiphambanweni uma uzibuka uphezulu - lesi isixazululo lukaKhisimusi ababhishobhi bamaKatolika. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo is abatelekile izivakashi bemibuso egwadle yayinamakhothamo, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu kanye nenamba enkulu izingxenye ezincane ezenziwe ngobuciko a ngamagugu sika.

The ingaphakathi umhlobiso

Kuze kube namuhla engakaze walondoloza sasendulo ukuma yangaphakathi ukuthi ine Cathedral of Pisa. Italy ekupheleni kwekhulu XVI wazibonela umlilo onamandla, nalapha kwakungekho omunye wabo, lapho yabhubhisa khona isakhiwo sokhuni. Ngemva kwale nhlekelele, zonke izindonga abangu ehlotshisiwe ngosizo omnyama nomhlophe zemabula, ophahleni lasetshenziswa gilt nge izingalo Medici.

Ngemva umlilo 1302 sasinda KaMose, oluveza Kristu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wasungula uMnyango, egcwele namuhla ukuba kube nombukiso eziyingqayizivele ebaziwe ephakathi. ingxenye yayo engenhla ibonisa izigcawu eyinhloko eTestamenteni Elisha ukuthi ziye zaqoshwa kusukela zemabula.

Iqophelo lohlangothi

Umbhoshongo yasungulwa ngokushesha ngemva kuphelile ukwakhiwa eziyisisekelo sesonto. Amatshe kuqala izakhiwo isisekelo babekwa ekupheleni kwekhulu XII, ukwakhiwa kwezingange zawo eyathatha iminyaka ababalelwa ekhulwini ngaphansi kobuholi abaklami ahlukahlukene kanye nezikhathi ezimbalwa kuphazamisekile ngenxa enyakazayo okuholela.

Ekhulwini XIII, kwanqunywa ukuba ulungise emthambekeni esebenzisa esakhiwe ngokukhethekile balcony anolaka, kodwa lokhu akuzange akusho ukuthi iholela empumelelweni, emthambekeni namanje baqhubeka. It laqedwa ngo-1350, bangu-8 izibuya nge ukuphakama esewonke 56 amamitha lakhiwa.

Ukuthambekela umbhoshongo ngenxa zingahamba kulelibala losebe phansi yayo. Amaphutha design, wenzé umuzi odume emhlabeni wonke, futhi igama umbhoshongo - yaba undabuzekwayo. Njalo izivakashi ngokuvakashela e-Italy, ihlose ukwenza izithombe kusukela kule Luhambo. Ngo-2008, ososayensi wamemezela ukuthi inqubo ekwindla cishe wanqamuka.

yokubhapathiza

Pisa Cathedral kuhlanganisa e Ensemble salo esinye isakhiwo kuthinta isitayela yaso ehlukile - okubhapathiza. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke e-Italy, ubude selilonke mkhulu kunezinhliziyo amamitha 100. Injengombhoshongo, ke ihlanganisa izitayela ezimbili, Romanesque futhi Gothic, njengoba yayakhiwe ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene abakhi ezahlukene.

Lesi sakhiwo eyenziwe ngemabula. Isihlanganisi lokuqala lihlotshiswe nemengamo esakhiwa isitayela WaseByzantium, uqhubeke ezizotholakala gothic - ezincane lwaleli-amazinyo, isakhiwo ezimbili. The elingaphakathi lombhishobhi libhekene ukuzibamba. Lesi sakhiwo lihlotshiswe ngenkunzi nangenqama Dome eziyindilinga kudala ngaphakathi kuye umsindo eliyingqayizivele.

Yini enye ukubona e Pisa

Yiqiniso, izivakashi ithunyelwa Pisa ukuze azibonele obukhulu yezakhiwo Ephakathi futhi ujabulele ukubuka esiyingqayizivele basembhoshongweni falling of Pisa. Kodwa ukufika e Pisa, kufanele sinake umuzi ngokwawo.

Eduze eziyinkimbinkimbi yamathuna Campo Santo. It is eyenziwe isitayela efanayo Cathedral of Pisa, ngezithombe nemengamo Gothic futhi nemengamo Romanesque lwemibhalo uhambo kukhona belingana umbhoshongo. Ukuncika ekhishini kwehlukile bendabuko Italian ukunambitheka okubabayo futhi nokucija ukukhishwa: zokudla abaningi kanye amathilomu ziphathwa ukuba izitsha Classic zezivakashi wazama okwamanje uGalileo Galilei lapha.