Novodvinsk inqaba: isithombe, kanjani ukuze uthole

Enyakatho ye lakithi akukho inqaba nenqaba uhlobo, ngaphandle kwesinye isakhiwo. It is kancane kwalondolozwa kuze kube namuhla. It inqaba Novodvinsk. Kulabo akakholelwa kukhona ukudubula kusukela amabalazwe satellite kwendawo. Ukwakhiwa kubo angabhekwa. Amatshe endlu emanxiweni wazibona izenzakalo eziningi zomlando, izimpi futhi ngokunqoba ekhazimulayo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana enqabeni Novodvinsk, kubalulekile ukuba beze ku ukuvakasha. Kanjani ukuze uthole lesikhumbuzo ukuze umlando limelela, futhi kubonakala sengathi manje - ngalokhu kamuva.

Uhlolojikelele

Novodvinsk inqaba emzini Arkhangelsk lakhiwa phakathi nokubusa uPetru I. Sekuyisikhathi eside wakhonza njengephayona umthombo ukuziqhenya amasosha Russian. Amasosha akwamanye amazwe wazibonela phambi ukwesaba kwakhe. Sekube ngezihluthu. Esikhathini isithombe ungabona ukuthi namuhla isakhiwo kancane agcinwe.

On the lomfula Malaya Dvinka uPetru I yayala ukwakha inqaba. Kwaba 1700. Lokhu inkosi yama-sinqumo ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi wayeqaphela kahle ukuthi kukhona edolobheni elilodwa kuphela kusuka okuyinto abaseSweden ayikwazanga ukuhlasela izwe Russian. Kuyinto enkulu idolobha eliyitheku Arkhangelsk.

Lapha, i-ngisemsebenzini kuqala futhi wadala Admiralty sase sibekiwe. Ngokwe-uMbusi, Novodvinsk inqaba kwadingeka ukuba ungenakunqotshwa ngokuphelele. Bekusikhathi amasu ka isitha ekulondolozeni.

Novodvinsk inqaba kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII, njengoba kufakazelwa ucwaningo nomlando wayo nemivubukulo, lalingaba ku isikhashana amasosha angaphezu kuka 1,000.

nenqaba ukwakhiwa

Novodvinsk inqaba izithombe abekwe ngezansi, u elaklanywa futhi lakhiwa wezakhiwo G. Reza. Wakhetha Iyiphi indawo engcono kakhulu umsebenzi wokwakha. Lynskey Priluk. Entwasahlobo ka-1701 ukuba kwakhiwe le nenqaba wethulwa.

Inqubo wathutha ngokushesha. Inyanga edlule iye olungiselwe kwakhiwa isisekelo. Ngo-June ngawo lowo nyaka isisekelo sesakhiwo esabekwa abasebenzi. amabutho Swedish wazama ukukuvimbela, imizamo ukuhlasela kwayo echwebeni. Kodwa ibutho Russian wadonsa lapha inqwaba izibhamu.

Kusukela Orlets ukuze kwakhiwe le nenqaba eyakhelwe izikebhe zokhuni zilethwe itshe elimhlophe. Wasiza ekufezeni le nqubo, futhi zezindela wendawo. Ngo-1702, inkosi uqobo wengamela ukwakhiwa.

Cishe yonke imisebenzi yaqedwa 1705. Kwakukhona izindonga inqaba, ticongotekulindza. Ngu-oda sikaPeter inqaba sathathwa 108 izibhamu. Futhi 1711 ekugcineni wadala zonke izinto izakhiwo ukuzivikela futhi izinqaba. Ngo-1731 le nqaba kwathiwa izakhiwo ukuzivikela Russian.

Ohlukile Novodvinsk Fortress

Esikhathini esizayo, inqaba lenze injongo yalo ngokugcwele. Kwakuwusuku isakhiwo ngqa engxenyeni esenyakatho yeRussia. Novodvinsk Fortress (Arkhangelsk) kwakuhambisana e izici zayo ukuze isitayela Dutch. Ngaphambi zibuswa wakhe efana kule ngxenye yezwe akukaze.

izakhiwo batholakala emazweni anjenge Holland, America, kanye kule zamazwe ayengaphansi kula mazwe. Sinenkosi nezici zabo ehlukile. Lezi zici esifanayo babe Arkhangelsk izakhiwo.

I inqaba eyayakhiwe e ukuma isikwele. It has 4 zibuswa. Lokhu Maka, Sea, Rogatochny Grave nezakhiwo lempi. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ubude odongeni ngaleso sikhathi kwaba 300 m, futhi ukuphakama -. 5 m ukushuba izinqaba safinyelela ezindaweni ezahlukene 2.5-3.5 m nenqaba ngalinye lalisekamelweni ihlukaniswa ibanga. 120 m.

Iinsetjenziswa ngaphakathi nenqaba

Novodvinsk inqaba XVIII leminyaka, umlando nemivubukulo okuyinto abacwaningi nesithakazelo kuze kube manje, beyiba ethize isakhiwo layo langaphakathi. Ukufinyelela le nqaba Novodvinsk e Arkhangelsk, isihambi ungase uthole ngaphakathi ngamasango amathathu: Dvina, Summer, Ravelin. Ngaphambili, base eziklanywe ahlotshiswa.

Shiya le nqaba futhi kwakunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa imigudu uma isidingo. Kwakukhona-10, kodwa namuhla zingabantu ngempumelelo kancane esisele.

Military wahlala izakhiwo ensimini ka isikhathi. Amakamu zazakhiwe eduze Dvinskikh futhi indiza amasango. Kube yindawo nesonto iSt Peter futhi St Paul. Wakhe ngayingcwelisa kusakhiwa e 1702. Ngakho ukuthi yonke imithetho futhi izimiso isikhathi Novodvinsk inqaba wabizwa ngokuthi uPetru noPawulu. Ukuze kuhlonishwe igama isonto. Kodwa Abantu ngokwabo awakholelwa ke le nenqaba Novodvinskaya. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, futhi isonto kwaqala ubizwe futhi.

Ohlangothini elingaphandle inqaba

Ngaphandle le nqaba yayinohlelo wemba umgodi ububanzi. Wagcwala amanzi. ububanzi balo buyizingalo ngesikhathi 28-30 amamitha. Kwakuyisikhathi ukuzivikela okuhle, kwadingeka Novodvinsk inqaba. Kanjani ukuze uthole ngaphakathi kule izakhiwo onezivikelo eziqinile? Kuhlangahlangene. Yingakho isitha uyawesaba amasosha Russian, ngaphakathi kwalezi zindonga.

Ukuphakama futhi kontreskarpnyh eskarpnyh nomsele izindonga zamatshe safinyelela 3 m. Baye tiphindze uphahlwe slabs limestone omhlophe, basuke esigaxe ngu metal ukudla. Kusuka emfuleni wahlukaniselwa emseleni izindonga phezu 4 ubude. Kwakumelwe phambili quay itshe futhi ngokuthi cofferdam.

Gateway zazigcinwa enyakatho kubo, lapho amanzi agelezela emhosheni. Lokhu kwaba nasekuqiniseni amanzi kwaba ifakwe endleleni ezifihliwe, futhi wenza udonga, amaqembu. Lapha-ke wawusegunjini kushaft ye glacis.

I Novodvinsk Fortress Siege ezinsukwini neMpi YaseCrimea

Eminyakeni besizukulwane seMpi YaseCrimea (1854-1856 GG.) Ingabe ukuvinjezelwa lokugcina inqaba Novodvinsk. Lokho kwaba okokugcina lalisetshenziswa inhloso yazo. Ngo-January 1863, i-nenqaba ukuthi bancishwa isimo ekahle ngokuqondene kuqedwa lasolwandle emzini.

Novodvinsk Fortress (Arkhangelsk) lanikezwa 1864, emzini wesifunda. Kwanqunywa ukuba ahlele ekolishi lomame. Nokho, kusukela ezifana kokungenela ngokushesha esishiywe dengwane. Lesi sinqumo ngenxa kuqale ukwakhiwa wesitimela phakathi Vologda futhi Arkhangelsk. isamba esikhulu itshe adingekayo ukuhlela iziteshi. Kule ndaba, abefundisi sekudayiswe ingxenye izindonga inqaba lokwakha izidingo.

Le nqaba kanye ngokubabazekayo saphendulwa yokwakha banal.

I okunye isiphetho inqaba

Ngo 1898, ukuhlolwa isimo izindonga inqaba lwenziwe. Arkhangelsk umbusi uvinjelwe ukudayiswa izakhiwo ngesimo zokwakha. Ngakho umlando lesikhumbuzo ngasinda, nakuba yayineminyaka engu-ngaleso sikhathi kakhulu ezilimele.

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-20 mlando ekhulwini ithimba labavubukuli, restorers futhi abacwaningi baqala ngenkuthalo ukutadisha lesikhumbuzo ethulwa. Ngo-1913, ngemva umsebenzi eyenziwa yibo, le nqaba kwahlanganiswa uhlu sezakhiwo Russian.

Eminyakeni pre-impi kwakukhona izingane ikoloni. Yayiqukethe kwezindiza ezashiywa isikhathi engamahlongandlebe. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili lapho yasungulwa ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto amanzi ngezihluthu. Umsebenzi wenziwa ababeyiziboshwa yokunyamalala kwezinyosi eziyizisebenzi zezingane.

Ngo-1990, iqembu lososayensi bawuthwala laphaya umsebenzi ukubuyiselwa amanxiwa inqaba kanye ekhazimulayo nowesabekayo.

Indlela ukuya Novodvinsk Fortress?

Ngezinye 19 km ukusuka edolobheni uyinqaba Novodvinsk (Arkhangelsk). Kanjani ukuze uthole endaweni manje lapho itholakala emanxiweni, iziqondiso ezaziwayo. Okokuqala, udinga ukuya esiqhingini Brevnik. Kusukela Arkhangelsk lapha bebanga abagibeli kuphela amanzi. Kuye iphuzu Ukunqamula kuyodingeka ukuya kusuka km 5 kuya 12 ezweni elomile ngokusebenzisa ngamaqembu amancane. Nge Brevnika ukuze Linsky Priluk engafinyelelwa ngebhuloho encane.

Ungathola lapha bezobuka. Kulokhu, thina kuzodingeka silinde kuze iqembu othayiphiwe. Izindleko eseduze kuyinto ruble mayelana 1000. Lokhu kungenxa intengo ibhasi for the ride isikebhe, okuyinto ngempela eqolo.

Ngokuzimela ukufinyelela Novodvinsk Fortress kunzima, kodwa kungenzeka. Ngo ezokuthutha amanzi, khona-ke a ride noma ibhasi (siphela ivelakancane). Ungazama ngisho ukuhamba. Kodwa ibanga elide, ngakho lokhu ngempela eyisicefe.

Kubukeka sengathi inqaba namuhla?

Novodvinsk inqaba lapho izinkambo iyivelakancane manje libukeka incithakalo olunothile. Izindonga zawo ziyisikhumbuzo wokuvikela wombuso. sokubuyiselwa imisebenzi Small kwenziwe ukuze isakhiwo akuyona zigoqiwe ngokuphelele.

Okwamanje, kuphela abuyiselwe Rogatochny nenqaba futhi ngaphambili odongeni olungaphambili lwesonto. Kukhona emphemeni observation, ungqongqoze izinkuni. Wahambisela ezikhangiso amacebo izimpi zenzeka lapha.

Kukhona manje endlini Usigaxamabhande, lapho ithimba restorers uhlala. Kufanele kuqashelwe uma kukhishwa ukuhambisa shaft, njengoba nciphisa kungenzeka. Manje lapha lezi zakhiwo agugile nekhaya lo mphathi a Keg powder. Ngaphambili, ngenxa nomsele ukuthi wayefihle amasosha.

Restorers udale encane ezivulekile Museum, okuyinto ipuleti encane nge inkomba imicimbi ebalulekile ukuze ukuphila we nenqaba.

Novodvinsk inqaba manje lesikhumbuzo ebalulekile yomlando. Abantu beze lapha kulo lonke elaseRussia. Yiqiniso, lokhu akukona omkhulu, Isigodlo esihle, kodwa ubunjalo lalo. Ngemva ukwakhiwa aliphindanga lakhiwa iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu. Thinta umlando ezikhathini ezidlule kalula kule nenqaba lasendulo.