Ukuguqulwa KukaJesu Isimo Cathedral Chernigov: umlando, izithombe kanye nokubuyekeza

Ngesikhathi enkabeni yedolobha, ku kushaft Chernigov, ngokubabazekayo ethempelini ezimhlophe. Ubizwa ethwele domes ezinhlanu nemibhoshongo ijamo oyindilinga. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo eyingqayizivele ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nanye - the isimo Cathedral Chernigov.

izinsuku ezithakazelisayo

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, isonto Orthodox iyona endala phakathi izakhiwo ezifanayo kusukela ezikhathini kwesikhulu. Yiqiniso, kwaba umbuzo kwalabo abasinda. Nokho, ucwaningo lwamuva olwenziwa luye lwabonisa ukuthi omdala kuyinto St Sophia Cathedral, ogama abasebenzi emuva ngo-2010 wawuthi yokugcina yasungulwa ngo 1011. Njengoba ubufakazi baletha yimibhalo eminingi eqoshwe ema phezu kwezingange zawo. Nakuba le nguqulo namanje hhayi kusungulwa ngokuphelele, kodwa abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ngonyaka lapho isimo Cathedral Chernihiv yasungulwa - 1036-th.

Umlando sokudalwa

Ngo 1024 edumile Chernigov Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich Hrabry won eside izimpi internecine futhi waqala ukwandisa kakhulu ubunikazi bayo. amazwe akhe ayesuka Sivershchyna LaseNorth eCaucasus. Ngalesi sikhathi endaweni Dneshnego Castle Detintsa noma njengoba manje ngokuthi, waqala ukwakha enkantolo isikhulu esikhulu kakhulu sika. Lesi sakhiwo kwaba isakhiwo emaphakathi iyona isimo Cathedral Chernigov, omlando wakhe kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa umlando Kievan Rus.

Kuyinto eyaziwayo ukuthi ngawo lowo nyaka umsunguli wayo wafa. Ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe, ezindongeni zethempeli, njengoba kufakazelwa mlando, ayesevele ephakanyiswe ukuphakama kwamamitha ezine.

Unfinished kakade phakathi nokubusa Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, elihle kakhulu isimo Cathedral Chernihiv kwaba shrine eziyinhloko zezwe. Kulapha igcinwe ezingavamile imifanekiso eminingi okwenza izimangaliso, izinto ezingcwele zosanta.

Ngemva kokufa Prince Abanesibindi, umsunguli wayo, kusukela ekwakhiweni lombhishobhi wakhumula zonke okuyinhloko. Bakhandwa atshalwa ukwakhiwa ibandla St Novgorod Sofia. Ngakho-ke, usuqede isimo Cathedral Chernihiv kwaba kuphela phakathi nekhulu leshumi nanye.

Inani

Iminyaka ecishe ibe ngamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye eminyaka kwaba lombhishobhi ngoba besifunda-bhishobhi wendawo. Wayelethwa uthathwa njengoba isikhungo wokuphila komphakathi kanye nomphakathi. Ngaphansi nemengamo yalo bangcwatshwe eziningi sezikhulu master ezingokomoya. Lapha izinsalela Prince Mstislav le Brave futhi Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych namadodana akhe Oleg futhi Gleb. Ngo 1246 lapha felukholo ongcwele uMikayeli Fedor bangcwatshwa. Nokho, ngo-1572-m, ngomyalo Ivan le Kubi, bona kungenzeka uyiswa eMoscow.

Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi yilapho wangcwatshwa Prince Igor - hero "The Tale of Campaign Igor sika". Wabusela Chernigov kusuka 1198 th iminyaka engu-1201-th. Nawa angcwaba iziKhulu besifunda-bhishobhi wendawo Lazar Baranavichy futhi Ambrose Dubkevich. Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi Russia zasendulo Cathedral ingenye, imifanekiso kakhulu mhlawumbe, ohlonishwa eRussia - Smolensk Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, noma Hodegetria. Nokho, ngemva kwesikhashana, uVladimir Monomakh wathutha shrine ukuze Smolensk.

umbono jikelele

Ukuguqulwa KukaJesu Isimo Cathedral Chernigov, elibonisa uhlelo enkulu ngokwanele ukuze ubudala namazinga Russian - 18,25h27 amamitha - isakhiwo emithathu kwethempeli ne apses ezintathu nezingongolo eziyisithupha, lavuselelwa kaningana. Emakhulwini eminyaka nesishiyagalombili futhi nesishiyagalolunye, isibonelo, has kwemibhoshongo amabili ayengoMahaloni overbuilt. Futhi kuphela emva ukuthi isimo Cathedral Chernihiv ithole injalo manje.

emhlabeni azungezwe olungaphambili lwesonto luyindida kakhulu wokwakha nenhle eyakhiwe ngezitini kufihlwe eseduze. Ehlotshisiwe pilasters yokuqala, lapho e isihlanganisi lokuqala - cishe flat, kuyilapho lesibili - okwenyanga.

ukuhlela Spatial, okuyinto isimo Cathedral Chernigov (isithombe kuletha ekhaya, kube yilowo nalowo, eza emzini), iyingqayizivele ngempela. Lesi sakhiwo okuqala emimoya iyiphi amathempeli lasendulo.

Ekumbeni yembula ukuthi engeli empumalanga nokuya kulesi sakhiwo main engezwe indlwana encane, abangasizakalanga ngakho wasinda wakwazi ukulandisa namuhla. Futhi namhlanje, isimo Cathedral Chernigov, isithombe okuyinto ubufakazi kuwufanele ngaphandle kwabo.

Engafakwanga round tower ne eduze kuze kube sohlangothini lwesokhohlo kompheme. Yena ephuma ezitebhisini igalari. Futhi kusukela eningizimu ekuqaleni isananyathiselwe trehapsidny isonto elincane, owawungumnyaka yobhapathizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho 1239 esontweni lombhishobhi ngesikhathi ayehlasela AmaTatar wacishe ubhujiswe, bawa yayinamakhothamo kanye domes.

Isixazululo yezakhiwo

Ukuguqulwa KukaJesu Isimo Cathedral Chernigov isitayela okuyinto ekhuthaza wesifunda cross-Dome ethempelini WaseByzantium nge tincenye letitsite romance sonto enhle kakhulu. Esikhathini ikambiso yokwakhiwa master wasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe wokwakha okuxubile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nge plinth ngokuba Old bokwakhiwa isiRashiya isici mncane isitini wokushiswa - itshe yemvelo yayisetshenziswa. Architects ezazini eziye zahlola ngokuhlanganyela isimiso nokwakhiwa ubuchwepheshe, admiringly waphawula ukuthi isixazululo eyakhayo lombhishobhi ecacile ngendlela emangalisayo, cishe ephelele.

Umthelela isikhathi

Kwaphela cishe izinkulungwane zeminyaka yomlando lokhu lesikhumbuzo kwamasiko lasendulo kwavele abaningi ekubhujisweni nokwenza umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo. Eminyakeni lapho Chernigov e 1239 sathathwa ibutho Khan Mangu, lombhishobhi esiye kuphangwa ephelele. Ngokusho yetinsita it is lapha ivaliwe, ukuzivikela, abavikeli lokugcina edolobheni liwile. Defense kwaholela Chernigov Prince Mstislav. Umkakhe, ukuze ukuwela ezandleni sesitha, agxume esuka amafasitela kwemibhoshongo obomvu lombhishobhi.

bheka Episcopal yasuka Chernigov emzini Bryansk. Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1675 - lapho u-Archbishop uLazaru eBaranovichi - waqala ukuba kwenziwe umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo. Khona-ke babe Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba overbuilt.

umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha

Kulandela kabusha ngokuphelele isonto kwenziwe 1791-1798, ngokulandelana, ngemva komlilo, lapho isakhiwo lwabhidlika. Kwakuthinta ngalesi sikhathi, walahlekelwa nemidwebo eziningi ezindala Russian abangu.

Bomlando wabhala ukuthi 1783-amamitha Chernihiv wayedlula Potemkin, ngubani kakhulu nentshisekelo kule lombhishobhi. Ngenxa yalokho zesicelo sakhe ukuze kulungiswe kwabelwe inemali eyanele. Nokho, ngeshwa, kabusha ezingaphezu kuka yokulinyazwa ethempelini. Wenza okubi okungase ngisho ukubeka zonke ukubhujiswa odlule.

Khona-ke ohlangothini Cathedral imibhoshongo ezimbili ezicijile ngamunye kwanezelwa. Lokhu kwaba ukunikeza lombhishobhi ukufana ezithile kanye nebandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhonza njengephayona alelo washi lika.

ingaphakathi

Ingaphakathi Cathedral wazizwa inhlanganisela onesizotha futhi okuqinile verticals nge horizontals. Ikakhulukazi Kuhle kokusho ayizinsalela lasendulo ezifana eqoshiwe futhi imifanekiso ku uthango emakhorasi futhi ikholomu ekuqaleni wabeka. Ngeshwa, akuyona yonke we pre-Mongol ethempelini umhlobiso wahlala, futhi yini eyafika ilandelana ngayo kithi, ukulondolozwa yizicucu futhi ubukeka kangcono kakhulu. The main ingxenye imidwebo ingaphakathi ngomlilo phakathi nekhulu-nesishiyagalombili.

Umfanekiso Famous "Equal kubaPhostoli Thecla" isusiwe ku-yalolucwaningo 30 amaBolshevik, bese-ke labhujiswa ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Asele imidwebo ezimbalwa, kodwa lwasendulo izindawo ivelele ngaphansi nzima ukubona sibalo nesishiyagalolunye nemidwebo leminyaka. It kuvela ukuthi ingaphakathi sonto kabusha ababethi 1820-m, futhi kamuva amahlanu olusha. Labe wabulala imidwebo yakudala.

Ngenxa yalokho uphenyo ngaphakathi lombhishobhi izingcezu bokungasetshenziswa phansi Kwatholakala, wenza ngezikhathi ezehlukene. enamathela Original lalinabashumayeli slabs of slate, lapho umdwebo ukuthi esishunyekiwe KaMose efayiliwe. Omunye izakhi zako ezisemqoka ezisetshenzisiwe ezinephakathi elilodwa. Ekuqaleni, altare ngaphakathi Phansi kwavula nge Ceramic tile ngezinkomishi ezinamekwe ngomthofu. Nokho, ngekhulu weshumi nambili kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo bushelelezi slate amabhlogo. Yinzuzo ezicini zamasiko nezomlando babe slate imifanekiso kwi abahlabeleli uthango.

Ingaphakathi ikamelo side ihlanganisa kahle embhedeni kwangaphakathi zokudlala ukuthi ikhuphuka esikhaleni Dome. Kuyo yonke ubude bawo ekuqaleni ifakwe onezitezi lamapulangwe ekwayeni wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi. Bathuthukisa division ovundlile we umhlobiso ingaphakathi. Lezi izindawo zokudlala kukhona isici ngaphezulu bokwakha WaseByzantium kwenkathi. Nokho, ziyivelakancane ezinsukwini zika Kievan Rus. Futhi lena ingenye izici sici, esingekho kuwo idume isimo Cathedral Chernigov, lapho ubuhle ayegqoke izingubo zakhe zezikhulu ayibanga amasonto throned abadumile.

Izici

Kukholakala ukuthi abakhi ethempelini okuphindaphindiwe ngezinga elithile isikimu we Tithe Church - ngowokuqala isonto itshe Old isimo Russian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwasikiselwa ukuthi artisan owadala lombhishobhi e Chernigov futhi Kiev uSophia, babengamalungu epulazini WaseByzantium.

It osekunesikhathi i siko zethempeli lasendulo hung amafulegi of abavikeli zaleli dolobha. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule embukisweni lapha amafulegi Cossack nezibhengezo nesishiyagalombili Chernigov abezempi phakathi empini Napoleon , futhi nanye besizukulwane seMpi YaseCrimea.

amathempelana

Ngo sacristy ingakafundiseki eziningi izinto yesonto. Ezinye zazo eyanikelwa izakhamuzi liBandla ungowenani elikhulu. Phakathi kwabo, iholo iVangeli - ucezu eyingqayizivele umsebenzi, okuyinto waphakamisa umfanekiso.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-altare elalakhiwe a sarcophagus esiliva-gilt tiered enesisindo eyishumi nesithupha amakhilogremu ezaziwayo. Ngesikhathi ehlala e-Chernigov e 1787 Umbusikazi uCatherine II wanikeza isonto i cross lasendulo catholic nosihlalo, kanye izambatho eminingi yasendulo.

Indawo yokukhulekela main agcinwa lapha kuze 1917, babengabafundi izinsalela Metropolitan UConstantine Prince Igor Olgovich. Bangcwatshwa e ezindongeni zethempeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi wagcina izinsalela St uTheodosius futhi Uglich - uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Chernigov, okuyinto walala livuleka ku-reliquary esiliva, enesisindo mayelana ezimbili amakhilogremu.

Iphinde izitolo kanye ingenye imifanekiso ohlonishwa kakhulu kuleli Chernihiv esifundeni - UnguNina KaNkulunkulu Ripkinskoy. Kodwa futhi elalidume kunawo wonke kubhekwa njengomvikeli. Ezikhathini Kievan Rus lo shrine ngoNgcwele isimo Cathedral Chernigov baletha indodakazi uMbusi uConstantine, owashada Prince Vsevolod. Wazalelwa lo mshado nge uVladimir Monomakh e 1097 kwaba umbusi Smolensk, lapho kabusha ithempeli. Emva kokuphothula ke, wathuthela isithonjana kusuka Chernigov. Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waqala ukubiza Smolensk. Kuthiwa ngenxa yakhe Batu Khan e 1239 ayikwazanga bawuthathe umuzi.

namuhla ethempelini

Kuyo yonke le ndawo yayikhona, le isimo Cathedral Chernigov, esimisweni namasevisi namuhla ukwazi zonke besonto, laliyindawo ukuthi lihlonishwa kumaKristu avamile hhayi kuphela elula, kodwa aristocrats asebukhosini eyabusa Russian Empire, lapho oyiyo namanje kwaba yingxenye ye-Ukraine. Ithempeli kungokwalabo evikelwe izikhumbuzo zamasiko nezomlando. Ukutadisha umlando yobuciko yayo izici kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba muva nje. Okwamanje, Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral sivumelekile futhi ivikelwe isimo, kuyingxenye kwepaki letibitwa ngekutsi "Chernihiv sidilizwa".