Kshesinskaia inxuluma Petersburg: isithombe, ikheli, umlando, namahora okusebenza

Kshesinskaia inxuluma Petersburg - omunye ezikhangayo enkulu enkathini yesimanje. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo nenhle ku ohlangothini Petrograd kuyinto umhlobiso undoubted komuzi. Kodwa ngaphandle kokufaneleka lathumela, Kshesinskaia inxuluma iyindawo ngokomlando ezibalulekile futhi ezithakazelisayo. Ababemzungezile zisekhona edume. Futhi ngempela umfanekiso ballerina, abesifazane amahle, zimbozwe i aura romance kanye imfihlakalo.

Umlando ballerina

Matilda wazalwa ngo Kshesinskaya ballet umndeni. Unina wasina isiphi isigaba sayo yonke le Mariinsky Theatre, umkhulu kwaba violin, uyise - umdansi odumile, mazurkas umculi esiyingqayizivele. Girl zonke ebuntwaneni wachitha ekusithekeni. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-8 wakhe njengoba udade nowesilisa, wanika esikoleni somdanso we-ballet. Wabe ekuqaleni yayimi endaweni ekhethekile: zonke izingane ukuba zibe isikhungo, futhi yena Uvunyelwe ukuba ekilasini.

Kusukela zisencane, Matilda wayekuthanda ukuba isikhungo ukunakwa. Waya esikoleni Umqeqeshi amahhashi-ehoshiweyo encane, futhi reveled ku nhla ukwazi. Ngo ekolishi, naye wayeyazi indlela ukuba abe umholi, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa udadewabo. Ngisho nangemva kokuba isikole yaseshashalazini, waba Kshesinskaia-2. Esokuqala kwaba Julia. Mathilde wayengeyena umfundi wokuqala, kodwa kwaba abasha okunenjongo umsebenzi-futhi wakwazi ukuguqula izimo umusa yayo. Lapho ngiphothula ku Choreographic School wakwazi charm kuKesari. Futhi nje wayefuna ukuba "ukuziqhenya Ballet Russian." Ngesikhathi onesizotha iziqu emcimbini, wakhe ubuhanjelwe amalungu asebukhosini, yena kuqala bahlangana indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi Nicholas wagijima ube yinhlansi phakathi kwazo.

Ngemva kwalokho, yena wenza umzamo omkhulu ukuze njalo ukubamba indlalifa iso futhi ekugcineni babebavakashela wedwa, ngemva kwalokho uyoba ukuthi isibopho kubo yasungulwa. Kshesinskaya, akacashi, wayohlala yedwa endlini, zangenela UNicholas. Ubuhlobo baphela emva nokuzibandakanya indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi sika-German Princess Alice. Kodwa Kshesinskaya ngeke esachitha sikhathi. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwabathile kwenza umsebenzi wokuziphilisa omuhle yaseshashalazini, unganqikazi ukukhononda ngokuthi amalungu asebukhosini ukuze noma yikuphi ukucindezelwa komuntu, futhi waqala ukuthandana Grand Duke - uSergei Mikhailovich. Ngokuthinta abantu ababaziyo ezifana nokudansa okusezingeni eliphezulu su, Mathilde safinyelela eside ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Yena udala ngesibindi ngokujamelene zonke izimbangi wazala ballerina eziholayo Imperial Theatre. Nanguya ngowokuqala Russian prima ballerina, ngubani owakwazi ukuyazi kahle le fuete 34.

Kusukela 1900, Matilda iqala parallel amalungu amabili inoveli asebukhosini: Sergei Mikhailovich futhi Andrei Vladimirovich. Kshesinskaya sizala ngo-1902 ngu indodana Prince Andrew. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Sergey uhlala kuye umngane kuphela. Matilda ukusebenza yaseshashalazini, kodwa ayisasebenzi ezithakazelisayo iminyaka emibili. Yena ngentshiseko egxilile ilungiselelo nemindeni yabo (okwamanje olungekho emthethweni) ukuphila. Kshesinskaia ithalente elikhethekile seliphelile ikhono charm amadoda. Nge zonke izithandwa zakhe uye walondoloza ubuhlobo nobungane, futhi ukwazi ukusebenzisa kwabo.

Ukuphila Ngemva Ballet

Ngo-1904 Kshesinskaya eshiya ethiyetha bebodwa. On inzuzo uthola isipho somusa esasivela Imperial Family. It iphetha inkontileka ngezikhathi ezithile yaseshashalazini. Imali ke zazisuka ruble 500 kuya 750 ngenxa yesizathu esisodwa ukusebenza. Ngo-1917, washiya Petersburg ethunyelwe Kislovodsk, futhi kamuva ngaphansi kweFrance. Ngaphambi Revolution, Prince Andrew wamupha mansion zikanokusho ogwini French. Waba isiphephelo sakhe ngemva kwelinye izwe.

Ngo-1921, Mathilde eFrance ngokusemthethweni ashade Prince Andrew. Ekugcineni yokutholwa indodana yakhe siqu, abake egqoka patronymic Sergei. Ngo-1924 unikwe isihloko izikhulu kanye Princess Krasiński. Futhi ngo-1935, yena no-Prince Andrew wathola isihloko Serene yakhe Highness Prince Romanovsky-Krasiński. Ngemva konyaka Kshesinskaya ekugcineni Say Goodbye kuya esigabeni. Kodwa ngisho wafundisa isikhathi eside. Ngo-1960, yena ikhiphe memoir eyabhalwa yena nomyeni wakhe. Ballerina washona ngo-1971, abazange baphile kuze kube kweminyaka eyikhulu izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela.

inxuluma Umlando eyakhelwe

Ngo-1904 Matilda Kshesinskaya wanquma ukuzakhela indlu yakhe. Yiqiniso, lokhu kufanele kube indlu engcono esiyinqaba. Lapho ekhetha indawo, dancer yabhekisela endaweni imfashini esikhathini esiningi - the Petrograd ohlangothini. Wathola indawo efanele e Great Gentry Street ababemenyelwe dala iphrojekthi wezakhiwo ethandwa kakhulu - Alexander von Gauguin.

Ngo-1904 Kshesinskaia inxuluma lakhiwa ngesikhathi esihamba phambili. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, Matilda ithole esigodlweni sakhe. Interior umhlobiso, libuze umakhi Aleksandru Ivanovu. Ukuze ikhaya umhlobiso umeme abahlinzeki professional futhi uthenge izinto ezihamba phambili. Matilda wafuna hit ukukhanya. Futhi waphumelela. Ngo-1906 endlini wavulwa Petersburg Kshesinskaia ukubhekana: Iningi Noble Street №2-4 futhi Kronverksky Avenue, Isakhiwo №1. Indlu yayiyindawo imfashini kakhulu yenhloko-dolobha.

Biography wezakhiwo AI von Gauguin

Lapho ekhetha wezakhiwo ukudala iphrojekthi emzini wabo, Kshesinskaya pawing eziningi ukhetho. Kodwa wayeka ngesikhathi Alexander von Gauguin. Wayelethwa kahle aziwa imisebenzi yakhe - izindlu eziningi, emasontweni kanye nakwezinye izakhiwo zomphakathi Petersburg namadlelo ayo. Yena wayengumbulali omele eliqavile isitayela Art Nouveau, imfashini kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Kshesinskaia inxuluma baba A. Gauguin msebenzi obalulekile. He dumisa igama lakhe iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Thola zakazchitsu ezifana Matilda Kshesinskaya, kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu ngoba umakhi, ngoba akusho skimp on izindleko futhi esekulungele ukuba ucwaningo ngokugqamile.

A. von Gauguin waqala umkhuba yezakhiwo ngo-1877. Wayevamile futhi ukuba abe umdwebi idiploma, wadala ebaziwe, ngesineke. Ukuze uthole esebenza njengoba wezakhiwo e-Ministry of War: Wakha amathempeli, isakhiwo isikhulu yesifunda, izibhedlela. Ngo-1903 waba umklami eNkantolo Imperial. Lokhu kwanda kakhulu isibalo amaklayenti ahlukile. Futhi yingakho Kwathi Kshesinskaya ukuthi kukho konke ukuphila kwami uzama ukulondoloza eseduze lakhe asebukhosini. Gauguin athola imfundo classical. Wathweswa iziqu Academy of Arts, kodwa kwekhulunyaka ngenkuthalo yakhiwa kuleli isitayela Art Nouveau, ukuthuthukisa kanye ekwandiseni isitayela izixazululo entsha zokuhlobisa yobuciko.

The main isitayela yezakhiwo ekuqaleni XX leminyaka Petersburg

Mansion ballerina Kshesinskaia kwakumelwe bahlangabezane zonke izitayela fashion. Ngakho-ke, uxoxisana ukwakhiwa kwendlu umakhi, ngokushesha wakhetha isitayela "yanamuhla", ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyinhloko-umhlabeleli futhi bhá e izakhiwo yasekhaya. It is zihlukaniswa isifiso ukusebenzisa amafomu zemvelo, kuhlanganise izakhi ezihlukahlukene bokwakha Oriental, inhlanganisela avumelanayo Umbuso indawo sobuhle bayo, ukuqalekela umhlobiso, imiphumela eziqinile zangaphandle. Konke lokhu okuhambisana nesikhathi kwekhulunyaka, lapho kwakukhona umuzwa ushintsho kwezinkathi, ngaya ukucinga amafomu amasha, imibono, canons entsha ubuhle. Gauguin kwaba kummeleli ekuseni Northern Art Nouveau Petersburg. isitayela Its ukwakhiwa ingakamiswa kwembulwe ngokugcwele, kodwa zonke izici esasenza lokhu sekwandile izakhiwo layo lamanje.

Northern isitayela modernist ehlukanisa asymmetry amafomu, ekhangwa ukusetshenziswa ngezinto zemvelo e-umhlobiso, ukukhethwa avumelanayo ukwakheka kanye kuphela shades of imibala yemvelo. Buildings lesi sitayela okusikhumbuza nombala onjani izinqaba ephakathi esenyakatho ogwini olunamadwala. imiklamo Floral, qeda majolica panel kanye yamatshe - eyodwa ngaphezulu isici lokhu kuthambekela. Facilities ku isitayela ehlukanisa ukwakheka Ngokuphambene, amafomu enkulu okukhulu, ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo emafasiteleni. Kshesinskaia inxuluma Petersburg waba isibonelo esikufanele ekuseni enyakatho yesimanje.

kudivayisi inxuluma

inxuluma eyakhelwe umqondo weza Matilda ngemva kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe. Indlu phezu Promenade des Anglais, kwakungase ukwaba ikamelo lengane eyodwa kuphela, futhi wayefuna ukuba khona benethezekile futhi emva ukwanda. Babuthene Sihlomise inxuluma, Matilde uzwakalise izifiso umakhi. Ngo Umlando wakhe Uyabhala ukuthi evezwe ezinye amakamelo yokuqedela ingaphakathi. Wayefuna isikhala nenduduzo esiphezulu. Futhi Kshesinskaia inxuluma waba uxhumano wobuhle nenduduzo. Ballerina hhayi kuphela wayefuna ukwenza umxhwele izivakashi kanye nezibukeli, kodwa futhi ukuphila ngenduduzo esiphezulu.

Onesimo inxuluma lalinethezeke kakhulu. Kuyo, konke elinikeziwe. Kwakukhona ngisho zikanokusho sigqoka Igumbi amakamelo amabili: eyodwa wagcinwa intombi eseceleni izingubo, elinye - zokulingisa. Konke yabalwa. Matilda nje uthumele inothi inombolo incekukazi closet, ngakho wathumela ingubo yakhe oyifunayo kuphi. Ekhishini lalibanzi kakhulu futhi izici nobuchwepheshe bamuva. Lapha ngokuvamile Kshesinskaya wamema sesidlile.

Indlu has indawo izilwane enikeziwe: Djiby impungushe terrier, izinkomo uhlinzeke ingane ubisi fresh, izingulube nezimbuzi, okuyinto Mathilde, uvele eNkantolo "Esmeralda". Futhi emkhakheni it has a ehlukile Igumbi ilondolo, igalaji izimoto ezimbili. Ukuze izivakashi endlini enikeziwe newayini zikanokusho sela, okuyinto ugcwele mathupha wayebakhathalela Prince Andrew. Ngaphambili ingxenye indlu suite zasebukhosini amakamelo, ngamunye eyashayisa isitayela nobukhazikhazi. Omuny Hlukanisa ngeqholo waba ingadi ebusika zikanokusho.

Isitayela kanye izakhiwo inxuluma

Ukudala uhlaka ikhaya elisha, umakhi Gauguin ngokoqobo ayifake umphefumulo wakhe. Wacabanga enikeza yonke imininingwane, ne balandela ngokucacile izifiso ngaphambilini kuso. Mansion Kshesinskaia ine Ukwakheka azilingani, isisekelo salo imiqulu alinganayo. Indlu engavamile ungaphakathi yokuthi ngezihluthu ingxenye, iguqulwe ukuze Kronverkskiy lemininingwane, akukho isango layo elikhulu. Lifihliwe egcekeni encane ngaphandle kwamasango egwadle kocingo. olungaphambili lwesonto Original kunikeza isigqi khulula amafasitela ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nomumo. Ukuvuleka zabo zivumelana kusakhiwo yangaphakathi yamagceke.

Indlu uhlelo bazitshela ukuthi engxenyeni engezansi izonikezwa for emahhovisi ahlukahlukene, futhi esiyoba ngowokuqala amakamelo isimo phansi: a lounge yezivakashi kokuthola, igumbi lokudlela, ballrooms. Lesi sakamuva, ngenhlanhla, zakhiwa ngendlela suite, okusikhumbuza Interiors esinjengesasebukhosini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amakota umndeni yangasese izokwenziwa esitezi sesibili: lokulala, sigqoka, yokugezela, umntwana. Nezincekukazi zanikezelwa sasivumela ivulekile, amakamelo elikhanyayo. Matilda akusho skimp kule.

I lalolu hlangothi olungaphambili lihlotshiswe egwadle obomvu kanye grey nokukhanya zemvelo ebhekene izitini oluxube majolica okwesibhakabhaka kanye lokubhalela metal. Isitayela - Northern modernist, okubandakanya ukuzibamba nangobuciko. Indlu akubukeki ngokunethezeka esikhathini ukubukeka, kodwa unikeza umbono nesitayela iphucuziwe.

ingaphakathi

Mansion MF Kshesinskaia kwakuhloselwe umphumela omkhulu Interiors yabo. Ukuze ukubhaliswa kwaso lasetshenziswa konke okuhle. Ifenisha wayalelwa komunye umenzi ngobukhulu Melzer. Izesekeli, ifenisha, izibani, izibani ezilengayo, tableware, izindwangu - konke phansi nemininingwane emincane iye ngaphambilini e nokucwala best of Paris. Matilda wayefuna ukuba engcono akazange anqikaze kwemali.

On isicelo Omuny umuntu ihholo elikhulu ukuthi ahlotshiswe isitayela Louis XVI, kwesibili - Russian Empire. Izindonga egumbini lokuqala zambozwa kasilika ophuzi, eyesibili - omhlophe. Emakamelweni yena ayethanda isitayela English nge ifenisha emhlophe. Ikamelo lokudlela lounge ziye ahlotshiswe isitayela yesimanje. The elingaphakathi iye ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe. Konke - kusukela umshudo kuya Chandeliers - wezakhiwo Dmitriev akhethiwe ngokuhambisana umqondo isikhala. Ngakho-ke izivakashi umxhwele, hhayi kuphela okunethezeka, kodwa futhi ngokuvumelana ngokuphelele nobuqotho wezangaphakathi ukuthi kukhona ngokuphelele ukugcizelela olinganise nomumo amakamelo amafasitela.

Maphakathi nokuphila emphakathini

Ngemva kokutholakala inxuluma Kshesinskaia nesithombe wangena amaphephandaba, kwaba indawo umphakathi okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuhlangana. Matilda wayeziqhenya kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe futhi walungela cishe ukuqhuba izinkambo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona zonke osaziwayo yesikhathi. Ngokuvamile wahambela Yesenin nge Aysedoroy Dunkan, okwashukumisa kakhulu eduze endlovukazini inxuluma sika. Been Chaliapin. Yafika ballerina uzakwabo Karsavina, Nijinsky, Pavlová. Sergei Diaghilev eside wahlala naye Matilda, okuyinto ayenobungane.

Kshesinskaya walithanda ukuhlela amakhonsathi ngokumema abaculi kangcono lokhu. Ngokwesibonelo, inkanyezi Italian ULina Cavalieri. Le ndlu isivakashi njalo kwaba Karl Faberezhe. Futhi-ke, i-main Kshesinskaia izivakashi abameleli asebukhosini. reception Lapha wayevame, ekhaya ukusebenza, Rolls sokudla grand. Eminyakeni eyishumi Mathilde kwaholela okujabulisayo ngokunethezeka mansion, kodwa woza 1917. Konke ishintshile.

izikhathi revolution

Ekupheleni 1916, Matilda ithola okusongela izincwadi, kodwa akuyona kakhulu ukhathazeke. Ngo-February 1917, kwadingeka ukuba ngqo nazo izinguquko wamavukelambuso. Ngo-February 28, lezi zihlubuki bagqekeza lo inxuluma, waqala smash futhi ngiyothatha. Kshesinskaya nendodana yakhe esegijima waphuma endlini, ukuthatha esifubeni eziyigugu. Emalangeni alitjhumi endlini wabusa nangobudlova. Kwaba ngo-March 10 isikhulu kumphathi-dolobha wakwazi ukuchaza isevisi agcinwayo amagugu, bese idluliselwe ebhange. Sekuyisikhathi eside Matilda washikashikeka bebuyile, kodwa alilokothi izuzwe. Nokho, ingxenye enkulu yezinto ngaleso sikhathi lase wanyamalala.

Ubuholi wamavukelambuso belilokhu linakekela indlu ngendlu ekomkhulu lawo lapha. Futhi Kshesinskaia endlini "uphawu" kwanqunywa Petersburg. kwezinyanga eziyisithupha Mathilde izame ukuvikela ilungelo labo indlu uboshwe, aqondiswa ku Kerensky. Yonke indawo wathola izindaba aqinisekisayo. Kodwa indlu ngakho akekho bakhululwa. Ngo-July 1917 Kshesinskaya kokushiya cottage e Kislovodsk. Akakaze kwenzeke ukubona indlu yakho.

kwenkathi kokubusa kweSoviet

Ngemva 1917, indlu esithola, Petrograd Soviet, bese - Museum of the Revolution. Phakathi nale nkathi, ukushintsha amagama ezitaladini. Futhi imibuzo mayelana lapho Kshesinskaia indlu (ikheli), nokuthi ungafinyelela kanjani kulo, kubaluleke kakhulu. Izakhamuzi Petersburg isikhathi eside kuyodingeka ukujwayela yokuthi emgwaqweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-Great Gentry Kuibyshev. Inxuluma ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene nalo lungaphansi Institute of Ukudla, Society of Old amaBolshevik. Futhi kuze kube maphakathi 30s, kwanqunywa ukuba lona emnyuziyamu.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe futhi Mansion

Ngo-1938, savula lapha Sergei Kirov Museum. Ngalesi sikhathi, isimo inxuluma lalahleka cishe ngokuphelele. Kwasala kuphela izakhi elingaphakathi design. Ngo-1957, bese dala Museum of the Revolution futhi abuyisele isimo kwelinye lamahhovisi wabaholi Icebo lika. Mansion Kshesinskaia amahora okuyinto manje kuchazwe imodi Museum, exhunywe kwi-kwesakhiwo esingumakhelwane ukusebenza - inxuluma of Baron Brant. Ngo-1991 eziyinkimbinkimbi lanikezwa Museum of Political Umlando Russia, ingxenye mbukiso ezinikele izikhathi Matilda Kshesinskaia.

endlini Life namuhla

Kshesinskaia inxuluma Petersburg namuhla, livela guises ezimbili: uyaqhubeka ukusebenza njengoba Museum komlando, kodwa eziningi izivakashi ukuza lapha ukuze uzibonele izinsalela Interiors zikanokusho. Kwasala kancane fitments, kodwa amakamelo cishe njengoba yayinjalo. Mansion Kshesinskaia kabani ikheli manje indawo kusihlwa etemibhalo zomculo, ikuvumela ukuba ubone abakhaliphile imibono stylish of abaklami ukubulawa omangalisayo umbono. Ilondolozwe Kahle ezitebhisini, amahholo, Chandeliers ukunikeza umbono esikalini yephrojekthi. Mansion Kshesinskaia (Petersburg) has amahora ezilandelayo ukuvula: kusuka 10 kuya 18. Namuhla, edonsela eziningi izivakashi kanye nezakhamuzi enhlokodolobha enyakatho, njengoba into zikanokusho indawo lapho ukuphila wathatha owesifazane engavamile.

inxuluma Legends

Kshesinskaia inxuluma Petersburg bezilokhu zimbozwe amahemuhemu ahlukahlukene nama-legends. Ngisho lapho kwakhiwa abantu Rumour: imali isakhiwo esinjalo okunethezeka wanika uMbusi uNicholas II. Kwaba kuma-oda yakhe ukudlula ngaphansi sabekwa phakathi kwendlu kanye Winter Palace. Lokhu amahemuhemu kwaba sizinze kangako ukuthi ngisho nanamuhla abanye izivakashi ufuna ukubona inxuluma emehlweni akhe.

Futhi inxuluma Matilda Kshesinskaia, umlando kanye okunethezeka umxhwele sabasebenzi kulo lonke ikusasa post-wamavukelambuso ephelezelwa amahemuhemu mayelana yengcebo. Njengoba ukuthunjwa isakhiwo watholakala ngokusemthethweni hhayi okungaka ubucwebe kanye okunethezeka izimpahla, abantu kwakukhona legend ukuthi Matilda base phama zonke izinto eziyigugu ebhuthini wayifihla. Ithole kuze kube manje akekho oye wakwazi. Enye amahemuhemu ezisemadolobheni exhunywe ne umbono sibalo yesifazane amafasitela inxuluma sika. Izakhamuzi Petrograd ohlangothini wathi ebusuku kukhona isipoki libe elezinzinga-zingwadule a ballerina abangakwazi ahlukane ekhaya wakhe amthandayo.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Kshesinskaia inxuluma Petersburg - indawo mlando. Lapha ngo-1917 kusukela emphemeni wathi inkulumo uVladimir Lenin. Kusukela ngo-1938 iye yasetshenziswa njengendlela Museum lokuqala Kirov, bese - Revolution futhi, ekugcineni, nomlando wezepolitiki waseRussia. ikhabethe elikhulu a ballerina, owayesesimweni inxuluma Kwadliwa emva kwempi. Iminyaka ukuza Aleksandru Kollontay, wamavukelambuso Russian futhi ohlakaniphile, kungabonwa ku igqoka Matilda.