Temple e antah: incazelo ngezithombe

Ngo eGrisi lasendulo, ithempeli laliwukuphela kwesakhiwo ebaluleke kakhulu kule nqubomgomo. Wakhonza njengephayona isikhungo sezombusazwe kodwa nomphakathi hhayi kuphela, futhi lalisetshenziselwa ukugcina yengcebo isimo. Omunye izinhlobo zokuqala ezingcwele kwaba distillate (ithempeli antah). Ama ifotho, incazelo kanye nomlando yomsuka ukwakhiwa uzothola kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Izici wenkolo sidilizwa Greek

Ukuthuthukiswa isiko lamaGreki zihlobene kumiswa izinqubomgomo evelayo ekuqaleni kwesikhathi zakudala (750 BC. E.). Ngalesi sikhathi, ngemva eside Yobumnyama "wake up" ubuciko, inkolo kanye izakhiwo, safinyelela apogee yayo V - IV ekhulwini BC. e.

Inkolo ingenye yezindawo esibaluleke kunazo zonke ekuphileni sabantu futhi uba nethonya ngqo phezu kwezwe. izinganekwane eziningi ukutshela wonkulunkulu enamandla kodwa abangaphelele, namaqhawe, ka Nymphs kanye izilo.

Esikhathini buka amaGreki, amandla onkulunkulu linganqunyelwe. Noma kunjalo bayakwazi ukuphatha abanye amandla emvelo futhi abantu kangcono. Ekuqaleni, bakhulekela ama-altare, lapho kamuva adluliselwe ku-emathempelini. Abaxhumanisi phakathi kwamadoda onkulunkulu abapristi.

Nge kumiswa sokugcina nemigomo Ancient Greece udlulisela isiko ukukhulekela onkulunkulu-abashisekeli umkhankaso edolobheni elithile. Ngo udumo lwabo, wakha amathempeli ngobukhulu futhi ezinkulu. ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa umhlobiso izakhiwo. Lokhu kuholela ukubonakala ohlelweni oda, okuyinto idluliselwa ngisho izakhiwo waseRoma.

Izinhlobo amathempeli Greek

Amathempeli eGrisi lasendulo ayehluke ngayo kokubili ukubukeka kanye nosayizi. Yiqiniso, konke kwakuxhomeke ukuthuthukiswa futhi ukubaluleka yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi a bozhetsva. Ngezinye izikhathi zanikezelwa emachawe ngokuthi kuleli cala geroonami.

Amathempeli babe yokwakha ebaluleke, yonke imininingwane zazo kwenziwe ngayo hhayi kuphela umsebenzi ngenxa yobuhle, kodwa futhi okusho. Zonke izingxenye ze-izakhiwo kwakudingeka imingcele lechazwe kahle kanye olinganise. A imithetho inhlanganisela nje isuke ibangelwa uhlelo oda (Doric, ionic noma eKorinte).

Kunezinhlobo eziningana amathempeli. Umehluko omkhulu itholakala inombolo nendawo zezinsika isimiso. Uhlobo endala kuyinto distillate noma ithempeli antah. Wayefanele amakholomu amabili kuphela phambi olungaphambili lwesonto. Izakhiwo ezilandelayo izinkinga nomklamo walo:

• prostyle - amakholomu amane emnyango main;
• prostyle double (amphiprostyle) - kuvulandi elinamakholomu ezine ngezihluthu kanye olungaphambili lwesonto ezingemuva;
• peripter - lizungezwe emphemeni ngokuphelele;
• dipter - wabekwa izinhlangothi ezimbili imigqa amakholomu;
• psevdodipter - eyodwa umugqa lamakholomu emaceleni;
• monopteros - ukwakhiwa ukuma isiyingi, sizungezwe umugqa amakholomu.

Zonke izakhiwo, ngaphandle monopteros babe unxande. Bona laliyigumbi main - Batna, noma Zell. Phambi kombhede ngokuvamile noma egumeni. kwethempeli Deep kwaku altare nesithombe sikankulunkulu okwakunikelwa futhi kuthandazwe kubani ithempeli elalinikezelwe. On ngokuvamile olungaphambili lwesonto ezingemuva ukuthi opisthodomos - Igumbi ukugcina iminikelo kanye nezitsha zethempeli.

Temple e antah: incazelo

Ithempeli lokuqala kuyinto engcwele ngesimo isithombe unkulunkulu, okuyinto wafakwa phakathi baka-Ashera oluhlaza. Kamuva avele zokuhlala ezimbi nakakhulu ukwakhiwa-like. Njengoba okokusebenza ngokhuni, ngamatshe bese nobumba.

Temple e antah - isibonelo izakhiwo yezakhiwo ekuqaleni kwenkathi zakudala. AmaGreki asendulo silithempeli, njengoba ikhaya saphezulu, futhi kungakho ngilakhe ngokuvumelana uhlobo izakhiwo. Technique nangekhono Abakhi babengebona kunalokho isiko zangaphambi Mycenaean. Temple e antah esakhiwe kusukela ongahluziwe (ngodaka) nobumba.

Ngokuya isakhiwo wawufana iMégaron - ifomu eminingi yasendulo kwempahla ngesiGreki, obabukhona kakade enkulungwaneni yesithathu yeminyaka BC. Ngemva altare antah yethempeli yayiyizingalo uhlobo elula izakhiwo zenkolo. Sasiphathelene cella, futhi uvo kuvulandi amakholomu amabili.

Anta intuthwane noma - zimelela ohlangothini sisenza, okuyizinto phambili izindonga longitudinal zezakhiwo. Basuke nokuntula amakholomu kanye nokwesekwa, esekelwe uphahla yabo.

Wezezimali Athens at Delphi

Distillate ingenye izinhlobo endala amathempeli ngesiGreki. Iningi lawo manje walondoloza kuphela isisekelo. Ithempeli elalidume kunawo wonke e antah (bheka ngezansi isithombe) kuyinto in eDelphi. Lokhu kuyinto eyigugu ase-Athene, wathola ekhulwini XX.

Ngokusho okutholakele abacwaningi ithempeli lakhiwe V umngcele futhi VI eminyaka BC phakathi Athens kuyinto engemukelekile. The main "umyalezo" oqhubeka isakhiwo, iyona ukuphakanyiswa yentsandvo yelinyenti kanye ukunqoba kwako phezu amandla omashiqela. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, esekelwe izincazelo sikaPausanias, yengcebo Yakhiwa njengophawu uzowanqoba namaPheresiya emva juqu Battle of Marathon.

Temple e antah, ezifuywa at Delphi, walondoloza kuphela ingxenye, kodwa kwanele ukuba wazi ukubukeka kwayo. Izakhi we frieze, ingabe ingxenye yawo esele lilondolozwe Delphi Archaeological Museum. Futhi esikhundleni amagugu uzingela zilethwe ikhophi Gypsum.

zethempeli lasendulo eRussia

Esanda kutholakala, izinsalela zethempeli lasendulo e antah zatholwa insimu yase Russia. Sanctuary wathola eduze nedolobhana yesimanje of Senna. Imivubukulo eyenziwa kule ndawo kusukela ngo-1936, kodwa nethempeli ngokwalo kuphela ezitholakala 2013.

Ezinsukwini yaseGrisi yasendulo, umuntu ubelokhu omunye amakoloni - Phanagoria. Ngesikhathi indawo yomuzi bayitholile izinsalela engcwele Aphrodite zemabula ezinezikhoxe eziqoshiwe zemabula, kanye izindunduma we yamathuna lasendulo.

Okusanda wathola ithempeli kubekwe phakathi Idolobha Upper - Acropolis. Kwaba mncane impela futhi ihlanganisa indawo 12 square metres. Ukwakhiwa uyithempeli esingokoqobo antah elinamakholomu amabili, lo SPLA (Igumbi central) kanye pronaos (esenezelwe eduze kwesango). Kuyinto ethempelini endala lasendulo ensimini ka-Russia. Yakhiwa emhlabeni V leminyaka BC, futhi nakhu ke lunikezelwe unkulunkulu othile, kuyimpicabadala.

okusho amathempeli

amathempeli WaseGrisi wasendulo ngokuvamile ibekwe phezu kwegquma engxenyeni engenhla izinqubomgomo. Bebesendle uhla lalinjengenqaba, unendima eyinhloko zazo ukuba kuhlanganwe ethempelini eyinhloko unkulunkulu noma unkulunkulukazi. E-Athene, isibonelo, lesi sakhiwo kwaba Parthenon.

Buildings layout ecacile futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi kuthambekele empumalanga. emikhosini yenkolo futhi ukugujwa yayiqhutshelwa phambi kwethempeli. Ngaphakathi kuwo ababevunyelwe ukungena kuphela umpristi. Izakhamuzi abanamabhizinisi edolobheni bangazithola ukwandisa endaweni pronaos.

Ithempeli eGrisi lasendulo wawungelona nje uhide isakhiwo. Laliyiziko kokuphila komphakathi endaweni yomhlangano. Esimeni nokuhlaselwa kwaleli inqubomgomo, wakhonza njengephayona uyisiphephelo izakhamuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengumuntu uhlobo yasebhange - e opistodome ethempelini main igcinwe endaweni yomcebo edolobheni.