Pinot noir: incazelo, izici, ekukhiqizeni ngamanani amancane kanye nokubuyekeza

Pinot noir (fr. Pinot noir, abamnyama zikaphayini Isigaxa) kuyinto grade lobuchwepheshe amagilebhisi ansomi ezisetshenziswa emasimini ukukhiqiza ukudla obomvu, bomvana, abanye iwayini ezimhlophe futhi champagne. Kukholakala ukuthi kungaba ukuthola umuntu ukhupha iwayini elimnandi. Pinot noir sihlakulelwe izivini eziningi ezenza iwayini izifunda zomhlaba ukwenziwa iwayini elikhazimulayo futhi namanje.

Izici kulinywe

Lokhu ezihlukahlukene liyaziwa isivuno salo ongaphakeme, futhi ngokuvamile kunzima kakhulu ukufeza ukuqedela nokuvuthwa kwawo. I amagilebhisi ngoba champagne nezinye amawayini anegwebu ngokuvamile abe isivuno kakhulu kunalokho. Isizathu ukuze inqubo yokukhula eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana ilula: Pinot noir amajikijolo abe isikhumba mncane kakhulu. Lokhu kwenza kube ezithandwa izifo fungal futhi bola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kushisa lozhnomuchnistoy umvini kokuguliswa nangesikhutha. Ngakho, izifunda okuhamba phambili kokukhulisa Pinot noir kukhona ezindaweni sezulu epholile futhi yomile.

Lokhu ezihlukahlukene uchayeke kakhulu ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, eziningi zazo ezisetshenziswa ukukhiqiza iwayini ethandwa. Lezi zihlanganisa Pinot Meunier, Pinot Gris ne-Pinot Blanc. Ngo-1990, France uye kutshalwa mayelana 46 izinhlobo-Pinot Noir. ENingizimu Afrika, ngisho ephethwe ukuwudabula nge Senso brand, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi laliqongelelwe Pinotage.

izici isici

Iwayini Pinot noir ivame ukuba okuncane noma okusesilinganisweni isithokela esikalini, ngamanothi currants obomvu kanye ijikijolo; izimo ezithile ezikhulayo ungadlulisela lubonakale bok ukunambitheka. ngokuvamile Color ulula kakhulu kunamanye amawayini abomvu kusuka lemali ezincane sombala esikhumbeni mncane. Pinot noir kuziwa yenkukhu, ham, iwundlu kanye ingulube. Mayelana nezidingo ezikhethekile izimo kulinywe, lokhu ezihlukahlukene ngokuvamile akhiqizwa izinto eziningi ezincane kakhulu kunabanye.

Imfihlo Gauls

Pinot noir ingenye izinhlobo zokuqala eziye ezifuywa ngenjongo yokwenza iwayini. Kakade ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka AD, amaRoma asendulo wenza kusukela phisa yakhe heady. Ngemva ayehlasela eGaul, namuhla eFrance, babona ezizweni ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala baphuza umpe zasendle amajikijolo Pinot noir, okwakubekelwa elondolozwe ku imiphongolo ngokhuni, kanye nabo bamangaliswa ukunambitheka layo eliyingqayizivele. Kuthiwa bamaRoma engaphezu kwengu-300 bezama ukuthola lokhu iwayini.

Lapho iqulo namaqaba badabula France ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka, iwayini baqhubeka njengento okufanele ize kuqala. Ukukhiqizwa wayiswa abalimi ezazisebenze abanikazi nezwe elivundileyo.

Kodwa isizathu esibaluleke kunazo zonke ukuthi kungani kunezinhlobonhlobo isikhule kuze kube namuhla, lihlotshaniswa izindela zamaKatolika. Pinot noir wakhethwa ukuze isetshenziswe amasakramente ukusekelwa ibandla kwaba ngaphezu kokwanele ukuba esakazwa. Ngu VI. n. e. Burgundy lahlukaniswa laba izivini eziningi, ngayinye elalisendlini izakhiwo zesonto zendawo. Ngemva French Yenguquko 1789, la mazwe zashaqwa - akha inqwaba nezitshalo ezincane ukuthi utshalwe ngokuzimela.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Pinot Noir phathelana ayetshalwe French Burgundy, enye yezindawo ezimbalwa emhlabeni lapho lolu hlobo njalo akunika isivuno esihle.

Burgundy ezivela emhlabeni wonke

Ngokungangabazeki, Burgundy iyona efanele kakhulu futhi endaweni eyigugu kakhulu yokutshala-Pinot Noir. Nangu Côte d'Noma, "Slope Golden", okuyinto ibanga 50 km yokhalo lamagquma ububanzi 3 km. Kunezindlela eziningana abalulekile ezenza le ndawo ingenye the best emhlabeni ukwenziwa-Pinot Noir. Iwayini izibuyekezo usibeka endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni, elenziwe ngamagilebhisi likhule ku flat, ukuncika nasemagangeni empumalanga, oqinisekisa eside umphumela ilanga. Umhlabathi iqukethe semali of wokulinganisa, esinikela amanzi ezehlukile lapho inhlabathi has a ephakeme lokushisa.

Ngaphandle Burgundy, izinga Pinot Noir ekhiqizwa kwezinye nezinye izifunda. It Willamette Valley e-US, Martinborough, Vaipara futhi Central Otago New Zealand. E-Ukraine, newayini "Inkerman Pino Nuar" akhiqizwa ezakhiweni zeNdlu cognacs vintage "Tavria" e Kherson esifundeni.

Willamette Valley, Oregon has izimo esihle kakhulu zomvini ezikhulayo futhi inesimo sezulu ngokulinganisela cool. Lawa izici eyinhloko ukukhiqizwa Pinot Noir. Phakathi nezinyanga zokugcina Ice Age esigodini kwakukhona izikhukhula ezinkulu. Lapho amanzi esebohlile, phansi wayenothile udaka mlilo, okwenza ezinye yokulima ubhedu emhlabeni zadalwa. Valley uthola inala ukukhanya kwelanga futhi ine omuhle kakhulu amanzi ohlelweni. Iwayini kusuka kulesi sifunda kuphela zingezinye zezibhedlela ezihamba eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika.

Ngo-New Zealand, Martinborough izindawo Vaipara futhi Central Otago babe nesimo sendawo esifanayo sezulu. Central Otago Yaziwa izinga omangalisayo-Pinot Noir yayo. Itholakala omunye eziyivelakancane of sezulu zamazwekazi eNew Zealand, iyakwazi ukunikeza elikhulu yokukhula. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi noir Pinot ekhiqizwa lapha ongancintisana vintages best of Burgundy. Ngenxa yobukhulu encane endaweni Central Otago alisoze laba isifunda esikhulu iwayini-likhula, kodwa ikhono esikhiqiza eziphambili emhlabeni iwayini zikhona lapha. Lapha kugcizelelwa hhayi ubuningi kodwa izinga.

Ezinye izindawo emhlabeni wonke nezithembiso ukuba abakhiqizi esiphawulekayo iwayini yalesi ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zihlanganisa: i-Okanogan Valley (Canada), eJalimane, e-Italy (Pinot uNero), Switzerland, Austria, South Africa, Serbia, China, Chile nase-Australia. kwaveza "YaseCrimea Pino Nuar" iwayini e-Ukraine.

izivini abadumile

Lapha, wonke ezivinini Burgundy angafakwa ohlwini, kodwa kwakuyoba okuyisidina kanye banal. Kungenzeka ukubalula edume kakhulu kubo, lokuma for izinga acwebile ka-Pinot Noir, Domaine de la Romanee-Conti.

Isivini ingenye ubhedu emhlabeni, kanye noir iwayini Pinot wakha ke, njalo uthola aphakeme ukulinganisa iwayini Ongoti emhlabeni wonke. A ukunambitheka eyingqayizivele futhi izinkanuko zonke phuza iyophinde wonke umuntu waba nenhlanhla ngokwanele ukuthenga ibhodlela-Pinot Noir "Domaine de la Romanee-Conti." Nokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi okungenani amabhodlela abizayo kungadla phezulu $ 150, kuyilapho amanani for kwesivuno ngaphambili ukufinyelela engakaze ibonwe eziphakeme.

Ngaphandle kwe-Burgundy enezinto eziningi izivini oluvelele, esikhiqiza izinga okusezingeni-Pinot Noir, kuhlanganise Willamette Valley Oregon neNtaba Edward, New Zealand.

Isivini Willamette eyaziwa ngokuthi omunye the best e-United States, futhi Pinot yayo noir uyadunyiswa emhlabeni wonke. Nge inhlabathi analogously Burgundy futhi ngimthande zemvelo amanzi ohlelweni, amagilebhisi landa lapha ivumela newayini elibomvu Pinot noir, ngokugcizelela izithelo ahlanzekile isixha, ukujula saturation.

Izivini Mount Edward futhi babusiswa ngokuhlangenwe izimo ezikhulayo efana Burgundy. Alan Breydi, umnikazi we-Winery ezikhethekile kakhulu kwaba iphayona iwayini e-New Zealand, futhi efuna ephelele Pinot noir kwaholela ukuvela eziningi kakhulu izinga iwayini ekhiqizwa eziningi limited. Iwayini Yenziwe izinhlobo ezikhethiwe, Brady okuhambisa iminyaka yayo eminingi nakho lomuntu ngamunye. Umphumela Pinot noir izithelo mncane futhi amathoni engowenhlabathi; ejabulisayo kakhulu.

ukukhiqizwa

Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi isivini ngamunye kanye Winery emhlabeni osebenza indlela okwenza ngayo lokhu ukukhiqizwa. Ngezansi Uhlolojikelele senqubo yokukhiqiza Pinot noir.

iwayini eyomile ukuphila yayo njengendlela encane, amagilebhisi mncane elinsundu. Lena isitshalo ezingezwakali kakhulu, okunikeza isivuno esihle kuphela kwezimo ezifanele ezikhulayo - e umoya obandayo inala kwelanga amanzi okuhle. Ukuvikeleka izinambuzane namanzi anele supply kuyoba ngokwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umvini uyothela eliphezulu amagilebhisi. Ubumnandi lwamagilebhisi incike esingakanani luhlala emvinini, ne ojwayelekile - isikhathi eside, le imnandi more. I amajikijolo kuvame kuvuna esikhathini kusuka February kuya-Ephreli, kodwa lokhu kungase kuyishintshe ngenxa izimo zezulu.

kuqala iwayini Rapid inqubo ukukhiqizwa isimo ephakeme izinga iwayini, ngakho esigabeni esilandelayo - zithutha tekusebenta amagilebhisi kuvuna ngokucubungula indawo. I crusher ubulala amajikijolo kanye ake ijusi, ngesikhathi esifanayo esasihlukanisa umoba kanye ikhasi. Endabeni Pinot noir, juice uhlala nabo isikhumba, okuvumela tannins ukudaya ketshezi okusobala.

Ngokulandelayo, ijusi kuyinto oludakisayo. Le nqubo iqala lapho ethela uketshezi esitsheni ne ukwengeza iwayini nemvubelo. Nezilwanyana ezincane kudle ushukela zemvelo kanye utshwala kwakhiwa njengoba ovela eceleni. Carbon dioxide futhi ukushisa njengoba ovelele, Nokho wesikhamo ukupholisa kumele inikezwe. Lapho wonke ushukela liphenduka utshwala, amaseli imvubelo ayafa.

Iwayini-Pinot Noir kudinga isikhathi esincane nabo yamagilebhisi izikhumba, iwayini ngaphezulu enamandla amakhulu, ezifana Merlot, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukulandela umbala. Lapho ukuthungwa oyifunayo kufinyelelwa, iwayini ibekwe kolunye esitsheni, ngokuvamile i-oak noma insimbi engagqwali, esigabeni esilandelayo lwezithelo olubangela ukubila. Oki imiphongolo ukunikeza spice owengeziwe futhi tannins.

Iwayini kugcinwa sela noma izindawo ezifanayo cool futhi yomile. I predetermined kathi of khathi, ngokuvamile njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu noma ezine, ke sibhekana inqubo decanting, lapho ketshezi esobala ahlukaniswa kwenze. Ngonyaka wokuqala phakathi nalesi noir inqubo Pinot is evundile, okuvumela ukuthambisa tannins; olulandelayo ngeke akwenze.

Emva kwezinyanga ezingu 20-24. ukuguga iwayini iqanda omhlophe ungeze amunca okweqa tannin. Lolu ketshezi ke decanted okokugcina ukuthulula umkhiqizo osuphelile kuyinto asemabhodleleni.

champagne

Ukuze amagilebhisi elisetshenziswa Champagne nezinye iwayini elikhazimulayo, le nqubo iqale kabusha nge kwasani. I amajikijolo ngobumnene obukhulu futhi ijusi eqoqwe ngaphambi ikhasi iqala ukuba zingenele ketshezi. Izinga eliphakeme kunawo kwamagilebhisi juice isetshenziswa ukwenza namanje iwayini, okuyinto ke baba elikhazimulayo.

Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhiqizwa champagne ukukhethwa libhodlela zingamelana ingcindezi. Uma isitsha usulungile, it is batheleka namanje iwayini. Bese wengeza imvubelo noshukela isixazululo, kanye Ibhodlela leli eneziqongo. Njengoba imvubelo isibilile ushukela wanezela, ekhiqizwa utshwala nesikhutha. In the ukungabikho kufuneka uveze ukukhungatheka isikhutha ancibilikisa in the ketshezi.

Iwayini osemdala futhi ibhodlela kancane ijikelezwe futhi esitshekile lize usesimweni esiphendula esibhekisa phansi. Dead imvubelo amaseli abuthele ezansi futhi kuyoba isilungele isizinda. Ekushoniseni entanyeni isixazululo lwaluyophola, abafileyo imvubelo amaseli nezinye pellet ibhodlela eqandisiwe wavulwa plug isusiwe.

Ekugcineni, phezulu ibhodlela wathela iwayini elimnandi, ivaliwe, ukugqoka wire lensimbi kanye zihambisana ucwecwe. Champagne ngomumo.

izitsha

Ukukhetha izinto efanele Pinot noir - isimo kubalulekile ukuthola lolu ukujabulela. Okokuqala, kufanele sinake izinto kuyiphi ingilazi senziwa. Kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi kuxhopha futhi lucacile, njengoba kukuvumela ukubona umbala iwayini.

Khona-ke kudingeka sithathe izitsha usayizi ofanele. Umthamo we ingilazi kufanele kube ezifana uqukethe isamba elanele iwayini kwakusadingeka indawo Ukujikeleza lula ketshezi. Lokhu kudinga ingilazi isitsha esikhulu.

Lo mkhumbi kumele abe umlenze. Uma ubamba ingilazi by stem noma ume, zeminwe ngeke idluliselwe indebe, namanje ngokuvumela ukuba ngibone ngokucacile ukuthi ilanga isiphuzo.

Ekugcineni, kufanele uthole esibuthakathaka tapering phezulu. Lokhu ngeke nje kusize ukugwema ukuvuza, kodwa sizogxila ukunambitheka, uthole emizweni mnandi ngokwengeziwe.

ngokunambitha

Okokuqala, kumelwe zihlolwe isiphuzo. Lokhu arcade kwenziwa ku nengemuva elikhanyayo ezinemibala. Umbala iwayini ukusikisela ubudala; mnyama Pinot noir izinkulumo ukucabanga ngokuphila kwakhe esemncane, kodwa egqwalile - ukuvuthwa.

Yini elandelayo kunikeza iwayini umjikelezo okuncane. Lokhu kuzokhulisa abasebenzi endaweni ukuxhumana emoyeni, futhi ukwaba amaphunga ezicashile. Emaphethelweni engenhla ingilazi bazohlangana wephunga ocebile. Iphunga iwayini elisha luqinile futhi elinuka, futhi iwayini ezivuthiwe uyonika Iphunga yesibili yomhlaba noma ukhuni.

Kugcine kufika yokunambitha uqobo. Iwayini kudingeka ubambe emlonyeni wakho, musa ukugwinya ngokushesha. Iphunga kuyovama ngokusebenzisa engenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula. Lokho, inikeza ukunambitheka iwayini kweqiniso. Ukudedela flavour ngaphezulu, kufanele donsa bese exhale ngokusebenzisa ikhala noma umlomo ukuncela kancane emoyeni.

Ukunambitheka zizoshintsha. Okuvelayo Okokuqala kunama-phambi komoya, khona-ke phakathi kwakhe futhi ingxenye distal. Isigaba ngasinye batawedlulisela flavour ezicashile kanye iphunga.

Isinyathelo sokugcina yokunambitha Pinot Noir - ukugwinya esincane. Lokhu kuyokunika umqondo nakakhulu zokunambitha eshiya aftertaste eside emlonyeni. iwayini ezahlukene babe ubude ezahlukene aftertaste, kodwa ojwayelekile we-thumb - isikhathi eside, ngcono.

Ekugcineni, kufanele ukumkhafulela out amasalela. Yiqiniso, uma lesi ukudakwa akuyona injongo yokunambitha.