Pavel Tretyakov: Biography emfushane. Igalari pavla Mihaylovicha Tretyakova

Nezwe odumile Tretyakov Igalari livulekele izivakashi unyaka wonke. Nokho, akubona bonke abasebenzisi ujwayelene umlando indalo yayo, kanye namagama abantu, ngenxa yemizamo okuyinto evela.

ebuntwaneni Collector

Biography pavla Tretyakova waqala Disemba 27, 1832. ngalendoda Ikusasa Ngazalelwa eMoscow yomthengisi umndeni. A nethonya elikhulu ekuphileni kwakhe kwaba imfundo okuqinile, uPawulu nomfowabo wathola ekhaya. Bazalwane kusukela ebuntwaneni esiza uyise emsebenzini.

Isifiso sokusiza, futhi sandise ibhizinisi lomndeni, sasinamandla kangangokuthi le Tretyakov abatjha abazibandakanya kumiSebenzi ukukhiqizwa iphepha - baba vlvdeltsami ukotini isigayo ne lonke inani abasebenzi - abayizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu.

Ukuthanda ubuhle

Pavel Mihaylovich Tretyakov e kwasebuntwaneni ngokwemvelo wayenomusa kakhulu, ilalele, iphendule. Kodwa lokhu lula nomusa kwenhliziyo yakhe eduze zithandelana acumen ibhizinisi langempela, ikhono ukwaba okubaluleke, nokubekezela. Ngaphezu ibhizinisi layo core (umbusi ifektri), uPavel Tretyakov inkanuko uyakuthanda art. Le nsizwa nganquma ukuthi kuleli noma kwakumelwe bahlangane iqoqo imisebenzi engcono kwenkathi, washisa umqondo kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila.

Ukuqala out umsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela, Tretyakov Pavel Mihaylovich ncamashi ukuqonda izinselelo sitjheja nekuhlola eyinkimbinkimbi yomsebenzi. Collection Collection kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ngoba, ngaphezu uthando lwakhe art, uPavel Tretyakov nomfowabo wahlanganyela emsebenzini ibhizinisi, okungukuthi ukuphathwa yefilakisi ukuphotha isigayo e Kostroma nokudayiswa iphepha kanye nendwangu, yobuciko Besingakafiki isikhathi kangaka. Kodwa Pavel Tretyakov abahlanganyela kulo imbangela esihle akuyona ngenxa isifiso ukuze bazizuzise bona, impumelelo, igunya, enkazimulweni. Bakhandwa wacasulwa le mizwa, futhi ngazo zonke izindlela wagwema iyiphi emphakathini ucishe mayelana eziqoqekayo yabo. idume lapho, ngemva laudatory sihloko Stasova, lapho khona umbhali kwaba effusive okudumisa Pavel Mikhailovich ngomsebenzi wakhe wokuzidela, Tretyakov cishe wehla ecasukile ogulayo ngenxa yalokhu. Ngemva kwaleso senzakalo, uPavel waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye eMoscow okwesikhashana. Ngemva kwalokho, ngalendoda ngenqaba ukuya emcimbini ngesikhathi ukudluliselwa Tretyakov Igalari emuzini eMoscow. Leyo sengqondo nodumo kuqinisekisa kuphela indlela indoda elula futhi enesizotha kwaba Pavel Mihaylovich Tretyakov. Biography ngalendoda Yiqiniso, asikwazi kodwa ukuvusa ngokumthanda.

Qala iqoqo

Nokho, kunzima ukusho ngokuthe ngqó owafaka Pavel Tretyakov isithakazelo zobuciko, lwaqala ekuqaleni ngempela ukuba ahileleke imidwebo. Little UPawulu wayengumuntu ingane ikhanyisa umqondo yizicukuthwane ukuba babuthane iqoqo lakho futhi ngaleyo ndlela evulekile for Bakwethu ithuba lokuba kakhudlwana zobuciko, kuhlanganise kazwelonke. Iphupho lakhe sagcwaliseka. Kakade 1856 wabeka isisekelo ukuqoqa yakhe. Of ngabomvu naye kwakungoKarishena imisebenzi yobuciko Russian. Kwaphela isikhathi eside Tretyakov igcinwe iqoqo yakhe emahhovisi, futhi 1874 wakha isakhiwo okunethezeka lonke ngenxa yakhe. Ngo 1881 igalari uvuliwe ukuvakashelwa khulula.

kumiswa igalari

Ngisho ukuthenga futhi wayala izithombe igalari yakhe, uPavel Mihaylovich Tretyakov banamathela zonke ukulinganisela okufanayo, njengasezulwini konke okunye. Ngisho ugcwalisa Museum wahlushwa ubuntu bakhe staid futhi esisangulukisayo. Ukuthenga imidwebo, uPavel Tretyakov wayengakaze wafuna ukwelekelela iqoqo yabo ziphephile ibiza ngokweqile. Collector igcinwe kusho segolide.

UNkulunkulu wayengajabule ngalendoda akazange anqikaze behlise abaculi. Eminingi imidwebo itholwe yi Tretyakov ayisilinganiso. Injongo eyinhloko yawo Pavel Mikhailovich ngesikhathi bekufuze sihlangane njengoba iqoqo elikhulu imisebenzi elitjengisa kazwelonke wabuciko Russian.

Inani Tretyakov Igalari

Ingxenye esemqoka igalari imisebenzi yokudweba Russian. Eminingi yale midwebo abangu zaveza ngabaculi-Wanderers. Nokho, ngaphezu imidwebo, uPavel asithandayo ebaziwe nezimpawu. Ukuze ugcwalise iqoqo yakhe, ngalendoda ngokuvamile atholwe lonke uchungechunge imisebenzi. Kuze kube yimanje, Tretyakov ukuwo nemibukiso eminingi ezweni noma emhlabeni jikelele, lapho wathenga lo mdwebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalendoda ebuzwa abaculi Russian ukupenda ngoba igalari yakhe oda. Phakathi kwalezi imidwebo ekumeni abantu abaningi abahlanganisa abaholi abadumile Russian nababusi, ososayensi, abalobi, abaculi, abalingisi, abaculi, isibonelo, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Turgenev, Nekrasov, Goncharova, Tchaikovsky nabanye abantu abavelele.

Ngaphezu imidwebo, wathengwa Pavlom Mihaylovichem Tretyakovym embukisweni noma ngaphambilini kusuka phezulu ngesikhathi abaculi bendawo kanye ukubaza nezimpawu, ukuqoqwa kuhlanganisiwe imisebenzi eyayihunyushwe eqoqwe bese igcinwa umfowabo Pavel Sergeev. Leli qoqo lalinabashumayeli imisebenzi ngabaculi French. Kuze phakathi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, njengoba abaningi 84 imisebenzi ku Tretyakov Gallery, bese bayiswa Hermitage kanye Pushkin Museum.

misebenzi

Ngo 1892 Pavel Tretyakov waya isinyathelo baphane futhi wanika igalari kanye lonke iqoqo e impahla eMoscow. Kuleli qophelo, kubutfwa kakade ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane izithombe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Igalari atholwe igama layo esemthethweni City kwebuciko Tretyakov.

Ikakhulukazi Kumqoka kakhulu umlando namasiko Russian Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngesikhathi kudalwa kazwelonke yobuciko eMbusweni Russian lase wahlukanisa. Ngamafuphi nje, kwaba ngezigaba zawo okwakhayo. Nakuba ubuciko basezindlini Njalo sibhekana isihlobo, ukugxekwa empeleni nje kuyisiqalo ukuthuthukiswa. Kuyinto umsebenzi pavla Mihaylovicha Tretyakova bavunyelwe nokumisa imisebenzi yesikole kazwelonke yokudweba ku igalari futhi ushiye imisebenzi ekhethiwe kuphela, ngaleyo ndlela bebekela ithoni ukuqhubeka buciko Russian.

Iqhaza ubuciko

Mangisho ukuthi lapho umuntu eguga ngalendoda abayekanga ukugcwala igalari ngisho izimali siqu washiyela sesondlo yayo nokudlondlobala. Ngokusho kwemibiko ahlukahlukene, ngonyaka Pavel aluthola ngokuba igalari eziningi imisebenzi emisha, phakathi kwabo imidwebo imidwebo. Umsebenzi wakhe asebenzayo esiza abantulayo Pavel Tretyakov kwaqinisa ukubaluleka global Tretyakov Igalari. Kodwa lo msebenzi wobuciko kaPavel uphela. Ngo 1893 ngalendoda isibe ilungu le-Petersburg Academy of Arts.

Igalari pavla Mihaylovicha Tretyakova futhi namuhla uyawuthanda ukuthandwa okungavamile phakathi izivakashi. Lokhu kugcizelela kuphela ukubaluleka indalo yayo.

nakumasiko

Ngakho, umqondo pavla Mihaylovicha Tretyakova ukusungulwa emnyuziyamu kazwelonke kuyiqiniso ngokuphelele. Tretyakov Igalari iyona khulula wokuqala ukuvakashela igalari. Lokhu umnyuziyamu uye baqoqa labaluleke kakhulu umkhiqizo Russian. Kuyinto kule yi wathembela Pavel Tretyakov. Kafushane, igalari hhayi kuphela ehlanganisa indalo abalobi engcono kwenkathi, kodwa futhi baba uhlobo uphawu futhi Umhlahlandlela ekulolongeni ikusasa isiko Russian.

Ngokuhamba komlando waso, Tretyakov Igalari baba lapho silahla khona imisebenzi enjalo oluvelele yobuciko njengoba umsebenzi Schilder, Khudyakov, Trutnev, Savrasov, Trutovsky, Bruni, Lagorio futhi Bryullov.

ngendlela ekhethekile wayekujabulela lokhu connoisseur enkulu yomsebenzi we Wanderers. Pavlu Mihaylovichu Tretyakovu wahlatshwa umxhwele baziphilise, lokusungula ezingokomoya, benamandla uthando ezweni lakubo, ukuze ezweni, eRussia. Collector ukucaciswa ngokuqondile, umuzwa wakhe wangaphakathi omuhle i ukugcwala imisebenzi lokhu okuyinhloko okungavamile. Lezi imidwebo bekukhathalela ngokujulile Pavel Mikhailovich isihloko ubulungisa ukuba kwamthinta, isifiso sokuthwala abantu iqiniso nokuchuma. Hhayi lutho akazange asebenze Peredvizhnik unendima ebalulekile eqoqweni Tretyakov.

ukuthembeka Tretyakov sika

Ngenxa isikhundla ezihloniphekayo, injongo enkulu, kanye nohlobo okhethekile Tretyakov waba nabangane abaningi abahle nabajwayelene nabo phakathi abaculi. Abaningi babaholi ngokusuka kuzo inikeza usizo nokuxhaswa ekudalweni we Tretyakov Igalari. Pavel Mikhailovich sithandwa kakhulu futhi iyahlonishwa kule imvelo. Ngisho phakathi kwezinye ababutha Tretyakov wanika entendeni kufaka phakathi bokuqala bavumela ukuba bakhethe phakathi okudaliwe ebhaliwe imidwebo for Museum yakhe. Zonke abaculi abangu ekulalelweni Pavel Tretyakov. Umlando Omfushane ngalendoda ugcizelela kuphela ukuthi, ngaphezu umsebenzi wakhe ezihloniphekayo, futhi wayenamalungelo udumo okukhulu phakathi abaculi. Ngakho, Volnukhin okubhale isithombe sakhe we ngalendoda.

imisebenzi yangaphandle

Pavel Tretyakov kwaba abangane nge abaculi abaningi futhi abaningi babo exhasiwe. Phakathi kwalezi zibalo - Kramskoy, Perov, Vasiliev nezinye Abadali eziningi. Kodwa lokhu ngalendoda esiza abantulayo akugcini lapho. Pavel besekele ezikoleni ezikhethekile okokuzwa-kahle abantu ngokwezimali ukusekela abafelokazi abaculi abampofu, kanye nezingane zabo. Waze waba nengxenye ekuhleleni nendawo yokukhosela. Lo msebenzi kugqamisa indlela ingqondo ezibanzi possessed Pavel Tretyakov. Biography ngalendoda kwenza umbono ongenakucimeka wokulingwa njengoba indlela yokuphila Liyindawo Umuntu ophanayo.

Collector Izimpumelelo

Tretyakov Pavel Mihaylovich waya umlando Russian wayeyiqhawe, oye wenza kahle kakhulu izwe lakubo futhi lalichumile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abagxeki abaningi bamchaza njengomuntu Patriot wezwe bakhe beqiniso. Yiqiniso, kunzima ungavumelani. Phela, injongo Pavel Mikhailovich kwaba ukuqoqa ngangokunokwenzeka iqoqo imisebenzi isiRashiya, ukuba azale ande ukubonisa yonke inkazimulo yayo isiKhwama Russian of Fine Arts. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Tretyakov kwanhlobo imfundo kwezobuciko, nokho Lowaya ukhethe ziphephile kangcono igalari. Biography Tretyakova pavla Mihaylovicha isibonelo esihle kanjani okuhle kakhulu ongakwenza ezweni lakho.