Olga Ivinskaya: Biography, izithombe, neminyaka uBoris Pasternak

ngowesifazane ongaziwa futhi angavamile kwakungewona Olga Ivinskaya. Wayengakwazi futhi engafuni ukuze bakhononde ngamamaki Isiphelo sakhe, kwaba, naphezu onamileyo wakhe, kumnandi, ukukhanya. Awakening e ezinhliziyweni zabantu futhi injabulo a imizwa ezimkhanukelayo, ngangihlala Olga Ivinskaya. Biography kuzoba Kinks ezithakazelisayo kohambo olukhandlayo ukuphila.

Esakhula

Olga Wazalwa ngo Tambov ngo-1912. ubaba wakhe iWhite Guard, okuyinto endaweni ethile wanyamalala untraceable. Umama, Maria Nikolaevna, Lapho usushadile, no-Olga kamuva njalo ukulandela le eziholela ekuziphatheni. Olga Ivinskaya wayemuhle futhi eyenziwa kalula kude. Inoveli isitshalo ukukhanya, kanye Kulula ukuhlela imishado. Ngemva kokuphothula Faculty of Moscow Institute Abahleli ngo-1934, u-Olga ngokushesha washada uthishanhloko abasebenzi abasha Ivan Emelyanov, kodwa wanquma ukuba ashiye umyeni wakhe lapho ehlangana Alexander Vinogradov. Indoda, ayikwazi ukuthwala ukuhlukana nomkakhe, wazilengisa. Enye laligcwele ithebula yesikhumbuzo, akazange uhlukanise kude, futhi endlini ayehlala Olga Ivinskaya kakade kwaba imoto ukuthi wayesekulungele ukuba amthathe impilo entsha.

umshado wesibili

Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Olga Vsevolodovna wasebenza "yendiza" umagazini, owaqondisa nomyeni wakhe wesibili. Wayeyindoda nge intukuthelo abukhali. Lapho akakuthandanga ukuziphatha umama Olga, washeshe wabhala lokhu zingenakubekwa cala kuye, futhi waboshwa Maria Nikolaevna. Njengoba yayazi kusukela ummeli owayezoba yikho okumele kusolwe ngokushona ukuboshwa, Olga Vsevolodovna ezisengozini umyeni wakhe ngokuthi wayengeke amshiye. Watatazela futhi waba ummeli sichithiwe unina wenkosikazi ukuze uzivikele. Ngenxa yalokho, wathola iminyaka eyisithupha emakamu, okuyinto wagqunywa ejele iminyaka emine futhi yakhululwa ekuseni. Kodwa kwaba khona impi, futhi iziboshwa badedelwa. Olga Ivinskaya uqobo baya ngaphansi Gorky ekamu ayothatha owesifazane umndondo ababengeke baphile baze babone ukunqoba. Ngalesi sikhathi ibangelwa yeziboshwa wakhe usevele washona ngo-1942, okuwunyaka wazalwa nendodana Dima. Umama wabuya wesifazane ngempela Skinny, nabadala, ngubani, Nokho, akalilahlile charm nobuhle futhi washada futhi okwesithathu ngemva kwempi.

Esikhathini magazini "INguqulo Yezwe Elisha"

Ngo-December 1946, uBoris Pasternak no-Olga Ivinskaya elalihlanganyela magazini. Heavy amehlo olukhuni wabukela imbongi oneminyaka engu-56 ubudala ubuhle abasha. Wayebonga ngempela okuhle. Bright segolide, izinwele Fluffy, amehlo amakhulu, okuyinto wayengenakwenza lutho ngaphandle ocwilayo, libe lincane imilenze ngomusa - ubufazi soft kakhulu futhi okuphakade uvele ngaphambi Pasternak. Lokho kwangqongqoza flints Flint futhi akhanyiswe emlilweni, lapho ke ibe ilangabi ongacimekiyo.

B. Pasternak

Umkakhe wokuqala, umlobi kwakungomunye umculi Evgeniya Lure, ongakwazanga ukudala umoya wokuzwana ekhaya. Futhi iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kamuva imbongi wahlangana enhle wakhe - Zinaidu Nikolaevnu Neygauz. Wayeyikhathalela kabi kangangokuthi wamshiya umyeni wakhe ndawo. Pasternak kwakungekho ngisho ekhoneni. Kodwa ngemizamo abashadayo bona aluka abode ethule, lapho umuntu ayengathola khona uphumule. Kodwa ngakho udinga ukwethusa. Zaba Olga Ivinskaya. UBoris Pasternak, wahlangana naye, walahlekelwa ikhanda lakhe. Kuqalwe ukujola a luyingxenye kaPlato, esenezinyanga ezine kwesokunxele ngokokuqala ndawonye indlu Olga. Unkosikazi stoically enquma umyeni - mnike siphile lapho ufuna, nje ukuze bagcine imishado yabo.

Ukuboshwa lokuqala

Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, ngemva kokuhlangana uBoris Pasternak ngo-1949, u-Olga wayiswa Lubyanka. Hamba izingxoxo, it is abasolwa yokuthi lihlotshaniswa a "nhloli British", okungukuthi nge Pasternak. Ngalesi sikhathi ungu- ezinhlanu ngikhulelwe. Ingane eshonelwe hlupheka sokuhlushwa. Imbongi, owayeneminyaka ngomumo ukuba ubaba, kwaphazamiseka ukukhathazeka. Wayefuna ukuthatha ingane futhi uyiphakamise emndenini wakubo. Olga wathunyelwa Mordovia, a ekamu elisendleleni ku Gulag. Kube umsebenzi onzima, ngemva kwalokho, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuhle bayo, kakhulu nje ekhule mncane, labuyela e-1953 eMoscow.

Le noveli "Doctor Zhivago"

Pasternak waqala ukubhalela noveli ngo-1945. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, wayekulungele ngenxa yesixuku, kodwa eSoviet Union kwakungenakwenzeka ukushicilela. Le noveli wakhululwa ngo-Italy ngo-1957, futhi kungamanyala, ngoba uvele iNetherlands UK. Indlela Pocket-ncwadi American CIA walinika izivakashi Russian. Yaqala hounding imbongi emaphephandabeni Soviet. Olga okwamsekela, kodwa ukushushiswa uye waqinisa emva umklomelo uMklomelo KaNobel kumbhali noveli ngo-1958. Amagama obucayi, wenqaba ukusamukela. Kodwa ngihluphekile kakhulu, ngisho wafuna ukuzibulala. Akazange azi ukuthi ukuphela kuseduze. wenza njalo ngo-1960. Ngakho Olga Ivinskaya wachitha iminyaka engenakubalwa Pasternak futhi kamuva wabhala incwadi mayelana izinkumbulo. Nge iziphazamiso ababekuqongelele kweminyaka eyishumi nane. Lolu thando phakade sihleli imbongi lobu bumnandi kuyinto ukushisa umxhwele wire nginomdlandla.

Ngemva kokufa Pasternak

Ngo-1960, u-Olga Vsevolodovna aphinde waboshwa khona. Ubethula icala okushushumbisa. Kodwa iqiniso ukuthi wayemdlulisile izimali Pasternak ukushicilelwa kanye republication ka "Doctor Zhivago" phesheya. Indodakazi yakhe Irina Yemelyanov asilahle. Ivinskaya wagwetshwa iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi qulo. Kodwa wadedelwa ekuseni ngo-1964. In the 70s yena wabhala incwadi "Njengoba ayevaleleke isikhathi." Uma ukude, ngokuqinisekile ngeke e-USSR, kodwa e-Paris. Wayehlala efulethini, okuyinto kuthengwe wathola bequest Pasternak izimali. Wangivakashela ethiyetha ku Taganka abalingisi, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona uVladimir Vysotsky, yena bacula Alexander galich. Olga Vsevolodovna washona eneminyaka ezivuthiwe nokuguga 1995. Wayengumngane engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili nantathu.