Ob emfuleni oluvela? Lapho umfula uthululela phakathi OB?

Ob River evela confluence entabeni nokusakazwa Biya futhi Katun, eduze eningizimu umngcele izifunda of Russia, eduze nedolobhana Fominskoe - Emaphethelweni Biysk Altai Territory. Kuyinto umfula we Western eSiberia futhi lidlulisela amanzi ezweni ezifana Russia.

ob emfuleni

Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yezwekazi lase-Asia, e-Altai Territory, eduze komngcele zokuphatha ne-Republic of-Altai, kukhona kwemifula emibili entabeni, ubuhle - Katun futhi Biya. Bona zisenza kuze kufike emfuleni omkhulu zichichima awuzixazululanga kuze kube manje ebizwa ob. Njengoba omunye ezizathwini mayelana amagama esikhundleni igama lendawo ihlobenenamanye igama elithi "kokubili".

Ob emfuleni oluvela? Le ndawo ephawulwe ebalazweni njengoba enyakatho latitude 52,5 degrees empumalanga longitude 85 degrees. Ob ageleza kuyo yonke izifunda eziyisihlanu, uwela West laseSiberia Plain eningizimu-mpumalanga kuye enyakatho. Estuary bakholwe ob Bay 8 thous Km -. Kuyinto Gulf yoLwandle Kara. Indawo lapho umfula uthululela phakathi ob, itholakala angaphezu kwe-Arctic Circle. Kuyaqapheleka e izixhumanisi 66,5 degrees enyakatho nenkabazwe futhi 69 degrees longitude empumalanga.

Ngomlomo indawo akukho ukungavumelani. Zonke ecacile lapho umfula ugeleza khona. Obi udumo idatha ahlukahlukene ku ubude bayo. Abanye ososayensi afingqe obuphelele langempela emlanjeni nge ubude owumthelela yayo kwesokunxele Irtysh. It kuvela ngempela ibanga umxhwele - 5140 km. Abanye ukunikela eside Obi Kusolwa kusukela kwaqala njengendlela amade Katun komfula (688 km) kuka Biya (301 km), futhi uthole i-value ehlukile. Kodwa thina asinakulokotha sizifake inciphe ukubaluleka nemifula ezimele futhi eyingqayizivele iplanethi - the Irtysh futhi Katun. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Irtysh kakhulu ingxenye kungokwalabo Kazakhstan. Ubude efanele wamanzi ezocatshangelwa elilingana 3650 km - kusukela confluence lo Biya futhi Katun nabantu abafika ku-Gulf we-OB, lapho umfula uthululela phakathi ob. Irejista amanzi State banikwa idatha efanayo. Kube wabuye wathi incazelo indawo lapho umfula uthululela phakathi ob: OB Bay yoLwandle Kara, engena e-Arctic Ocean umcengezi.

umbuso kwamanzi

Ubude Ngakho wamanzi - 3.650 km. Kuleli ipharamitha phakathi emifuleni Russian ob wesibili, lesibili kuphela ULena.

Area ob nakangaka - cishe bayizigidi ezingu-3 square metres. km. Nge kule nsimu umxhwele, okuyinto esokuqala ngu ukubaluleka phakathi emifuleni isiRashiya, kwakheka omningi kwamanzi nokugeleza kwawo. Ukuze eGulf of OB, okuyinto agelezela ob, sifinyelela 357 cubic metres. km amanzi emfuleni.

Isilinganiso ukusetshenziswa wonyaka fixed eside okubonwa iziteshi gauging: 1470 - emzini Barnaul (elingenhla), 12 300 - e Salekhard, etholakala eduze Gulf of OB, lapho umfula uthululela phakathi OB (ivolumu Water e-cubic m / s.). ukugeleza Maximum yamanzi ngokuchichima (ngesikhathi izikhukhula), ebhaliswe iziteshi gauging, cishe: (. cubic metres / sec) Barnaul - - 9690, Salekhard 42.800.

Angaphezu kuka-161 izinkulungwane ukusakaza, amancane, aphakathi nendawo kanye nemifula emikhulu baphathe amanzi abo the OB. Ubude isamba nemingenela -. 740 thous Km. Iningi lazo (94%) - emifuleni ezincane (ubude hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-10 km). ziyamaniswa nokungangeni elikhulu eside kuka 1000 km: Irtysh, Vasyugan futhi Big Yugan - Bagijima kusukela ohlangothini lwesobunxele; Ket futhi Chulym - yasebhange efanele.

I of the OB ukujula - kusuka 2-6 amamitha ekuqaleni, e Biysk,-25 m Novosibirsk (eduze HPP), kuyehla kuya kwangu-8 eduze komlomo uTom inyuka futhi 15 m sifinyelela ongenhla eGulf of OB, lapho umfula ugeleza khona . izindawo ob libhekene ngeziphambeko encane evela 4.5 cm ekuqaleni 1.5 cm (per-1 km ubude) e ukugeleza nomfula. Ububanzi kuyahlukahluka kukazamcolo. Kuyinto 5 km ekuqaleni futhi km 50 esifundeni Gulf we-OB, lapho umfula ugeleza khona. Obi izici semvelo sawo emathafeni emfuleni imidlalo entwasahlobo izikhukhula ekwindla izikhukhula.

ukubaluleka kwezomnotho

Esimeni semakhaya ukufinyelela nzima ngenxa amaxhaphozi West laseSiberia Plain, ob kusukela 1844 isetshenziselwa ezokuthutha. Navigation ihlala kufika izinsuku 190 ngonyaka. Ngo Novosibirsk ngo-1961 wasungula Hydropower esiteshini - umphakeli enkulu eneji lalolo namabhizinisi we laseSiberia Federal District. A iholide ziyindawo ethandwa laseNovosibirsk - amabhishi Reservoir imiswe phakathi ukwakhiwa kwamadamu emifula. Kusukela ukuthi likhiqizwa amanzi isizinda okuphuza, yasendlini nemabhizinisi kwezezimboni Novosibirsk agglomeration. Umfula isetshenziselwa ukudoba - bukhoma zinhlobo eziwusizo Sturgeon, whitefish nenhlanzi abavamile. Ngo ob phinda neutralized futhi ahlanzwa Amanzi anokungcola kwasezimbonini nezitshalo kamasipala. Esikhathini Altai esifundeni umfula wamanzi ekuniseleni yokulima, nokuwenza ngu Kulunda kusetshenziswa isimiso sokunisela ngenkasa.

City on the OB

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo abantu ixazululwe ngasogwini lomfula emifuleni. Ungahlali eceleni nomama OB - eceleni ezindaweni zakhe eziningi. Sibiza kwekulu ngokuya labantu. Ekuqaleni emfuleni imele Biysk, eyasungulwa ngo-1709, ne-200 ngenguqulo. Man labantu. Okulandelayo - Barnaul, e-Altai Territory Centre, eyasungulwa ngo-1730, inani labantu - abangaphezu kuka-600 eziyinkulungwane .. Novosibirsk - umuzi omkhulu we SFO, yasungulwa ngo 1893, it is uhlalwe ezingaphezu kuka-1.5 million abantu. SaseTomsk esifundeni - echwebeni Kolpashevo (1938, abantu abayizinkulungwane 23 ..). Amafutha edolobheni Khanty-Mansiysk esifundeni, elinabantu. Abantu phezu ayizinkulungwane 300. ngamunye - Nizhnevartovsk (1908) kanye Surgut (1594). Isikhungo se-Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous avtonomnyy - Salekhard (.. 1595, abantu abayizinkulungwane 50) itholakala ku-ibhange kwesokudla eMfuleni ob. Abobulili kuye ngebhange kwesokunxele kuyinto Labytnangi (1900, 26 ayizinkulungwane. Pers.).

Efingqa

Phakathi yamanzi Russian emfuleni omkhulu ob e izici eziyisisekelo kuthatha:

• 1st - okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi umcengezi endaweni -. 2 million 990 ayizinkulungwane sq M. km.
• 2nd - ubude main isiteshi - 3650 km.
• indawo Okwesithathu - ngevolumu yonyaka ingqikithi emifula - 357 cubic metres. km.