Njengoba umphumela capillary incike ubude tube?

A capillary umphumela ku ketshezi kwenzeka ngesikhathi umngcele abezindaba ezimbili - kwamanzi kanye negesi. It kuholela ugobile kwamanzi, okwenza kube lithé ukushona phakathi noma convex.

amanzi isinyathelo capillary

Lapho isitsha sigcwele H ₂ O, ubuso bayo abushelelezi. Nokho, ukugoba izindonga kwenzeka. Uma wetted, ebusweni iba phakathi, uma omile - arched. Ekhangayo molecule H ₂ O ezindongeni isitsha ezingaphezu kweyodwa omunye. Lokhu kuwachaza kahle umphumela capillary. Amandla kuphakamisa molecule H ₂ O kuze kube seqophelweni lize counterbalances ingcindezi hydrostatic.

kokuma

Njengengxenye ucwaningo, abacwaningi bafuna ukuthola indlela umphumela capillary incike ubude tube. Phakathi ngekucaphelisisa, kwatholakala ukuthi ubude tube akuxhomekile it, inenani ukujiya bomkhumbi. Ngo izikhala ewumngcingo ibanga phakathi kwezindonga lincane. Ngenxa yalokho, basuke arched exhunyiwe omunye komunye. Lezitaki futhi capillary umphumela. Ngakho, izinga H ₂ O e isitsha esincane kungaba kunakunoma endaweni ebanzi.

phansi

Kunoma ikhule ezimbotsheni inhlabathi abakhona. Futhi kwenzeka capillary umphumela. Isikhathi - la kukhona izitsha efanayo, kuphela encane kakhulu. Kuzo zonke nenhlabathi it is ebonwe degrees obuhlukahlukene.

Ukukhulisa H ₂ O molecule kwenzeka naphezu amandla adonsela phansi. Ukuphakamisa ukuphakama incike hlobo inhlabathi. Ngo ubumba nenhlabathi, kungaba kuze kufinyelele 1.5 m, futhi sandy -. 30 cm Lokhu umehluko ihlobene pore ngosayizi. zinkulu kakhulu, ngokulandelana, amandla capillary incane nenhlabathi sandy. Clay izinhlayiya mancane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ikhule ezimbotsheni emhlabathini kuyoba ezincane, futhi umphumela - kunamandla.

nezindaba esisebenzayo

Capillary action enhlabathini kumele kubhekwe lapho ukuklama futhi obeka isisekelo. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, e clayey umswakama ongama ku 1.5 m. Uma isisekelo selibekiwe ngezansi uphawu, ke uyohlala amanzi. Lokhu, abe nomthelela omubi yokufakazela kwalo amandla. Ukuvikela isisekelo kusuka umswakama ezidingekayo ungangenisi amanzi gasket.

ukhonkolo

Lezi zincwadi ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha isisekelo. Ngo ukhonkolo, kanye enhlabathini, capillary action zingenza ngoba le nto has a isakhiwo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe. Umswakama ikhule ezimbotsheni zibhebhetheka maphakathi nezwe kanye phezulu.

Uma isisekelo yedwa ngeke bathembele kulo mhlabathi omanzi, amanzi bayovuka, afinyelele base uhambe ephakeme. Lokhu kungaholela ekubhujisweni kwabo bonke izakhiwo. Ukuvimbela imiphumela enjalo nokuvikela selibekiwe phakathi phansi futhi ematheni isisekelo, isizinda kanye ezindongeni zendlu.

Ultrasonic capillary umphumela

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kwatholakala Academician Konovalov. Usosayensi kwenziwe ukuhlola kahle elula. Ukuze emitter generator yena enamathiselwe esitsheni yamanzi, wehlise tube capillary kuwo. Imithetho yemvelo amandla ukuqala umsebenzi H ₂ O, okuwenza bephakamisa yona ezingeni elithile. Ngemva kokuphendukela phezu kwamanzi generator ultrasonic yakha Jerk abukhali. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho Academician okuphindaphindiwe, okwenezela ibhodlela udayi. Ngemva ukuvula generator tube ayeyizidalwa amayunithi ebonakalayo futhi ukuhluleka amagagasi emi.

okutholakele

Academician Konovalov wathola ukuthi uma amanzi enyakaza, umuntu capillary kuyahlukahluka ngaphansi kwethonya amandla ultrasonic, umphumela ukhulisa level yayo kwandisa kakhulu. Ukuphakama ikholomu kuba ezinkudlwana amashumi ngezinye izikhathi eziningana izikhathi. Nokho, lenyuka ngesivinini futhi lift.

Usosayensi wakwazi ukufakazela Ucwaningo ukuthi ketshezi akusho push amabutho capillary, nokucindezelwa ngemisebe futhi amagagasi nokuma. Ultrasound njalo licindezele posi futhi othatha zayiqeda. Inqubo uzoqhubeka kuze kube isikhathi lapho ingcindezi ezivukayo ngaphansi kwethonya amagagasi, is kuhambisana ezingeni ketshezi.

isicelo

Umthelela ultrasonic isetshenziswa nezindlela zokuhlola ze-non-elimazayo ukuhlola ukukhululwa imishini Semiconductor. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, ukulawula Transistor ukuvuza izindlu iyunithi yafakwa izinsuku ezintathu i okugeza acetone. Ukusetshenziswa ultrasound kungaba kakhulu ukunciphisa isikhathi imizuzu 3-9. Ukuvula Konovalov esetshenziselwa impregnation we Windings ka kagesi ekuvikeleni izingoma e ukudaya izindwangu - lapho okusweleka khona umswakama Ukungena ku ezimbotsheni.

vibration Effect

Phakathi cutting metal, ikakhulukazi ngesivinini, wasebenzisa lubricating coolants. Ngenxa ukunciphisa friction zinikezwa, kwehla ithuluzi lokushisa, ekuthuthukiseni bafake yayo ukumelana. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uketshezi kakhulu akwazi ukungena ngaphansi umsiki. Njengoba lokhu kwenzeka, uma ngokuqinile yayicindezele workpiece ngesikhathi ingcindezi 200 kg / cm², nangaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo igrisi kumele dengwane okuphambene kusukela umsiki?

Ukuchaza lokhu mkhuba le capillary umphumela kwakungenakwenzeka. Okokuqala, amandla kanye ijubane umswakama ukukhuliswa sincane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabantu ngenxa ukuvundulula ukungezwani. Ukuphakamisa ukuphakama iyancipha kakhulu nge lokushisa okwandisa, okuyinto endaweni cutting lingafika ku-300 ° C. Konovalov wakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi, ngaphezu umphumela capillary, bethonywe vibration umshini. It ephakama ukucutshungulwa workpiece. Lokhu vibration has a imvamisa ephakeme kanye amplitude amancane.

Incazelo imihlola ezithile

ososayensi u-Adalberto isikhathi eside akakwazanga ukuchaza zom primrose bobukhosi ngaphambi kokuzamazama komhlaba. Imbali likhula ku obakhathalelayo. Java. Futhi bendawo bakubheka njengodumo noma isiqinisekiso enkingeni. Ngokusho Konovalov, uyozisola amagxolo enamandla landulelwa imvamisa okuncane ezahlukene, ngamaza, kuhlanganise iyehla iyenyuka. Isiza ukusheshisa ukunyakazisa compounds izakhi izingxenye izitshalo kusebenze izinqubo umzimba, iqinisekisa zezimbali.

isiphetho

Njengoba ubona, umphumela capillary - omunye izenzakalo ezivamile zemvelo. , Amaqabunga, isiqu, amagatsha izimila eziningi ezihlukahlukene igcwele lenqwaba iziteshi. Babo bethula kuzo zonke izinhlaka compounds izakhi. Umthelela capillary isetshenziswa ezinhlakeni ezahlukene umsebenzi womuntu: kusukela ngetiyela ujantshi bakasilika ukudalwa imikhiqizo ekhethekile Ceramic afuthwe ngesibulali izinsimbi elibunjiweyo ukuba ukhukhamba.