"Mudyug" (ophihliza iqhwa). Udizili-kagesi ophihliza iqhwa "Mudyug"

umugqa Russian ugu eduze ne-Arctic Ocean omkhulu kangangokuthi izwe lidinga lwemikhumbi icebreakers. Kodwa icebreakers abasebenza hhayi kuphela e-North. Baqhuba enkantolo unyaka wonke, umnkantsha kwezilwandle nemifula.

Umlando Russian ophihliza iqhwa imikhumbi

Sekuyisikhathi eside phezu kwemifula enyakatho yeRussia esetshenziswa izikebhe ice-breaking. Eyokuqala umkhumbi ophihliza iqhwa elakhiwa ngo Kronstadt e 1864, futhi kakade ekupheleni XIX leminyaka lalimisa wadala ophihliza iqhwa imikhumbi. Adume ophihliza iqhwa "Ermak", umqondo elalingelamaFilisti Vice-Admiral S. O. Makarovu kanye nososayensi odumile D. I. Mendeleevu, yasungulwa phezu ngisemsebenzini English 1897.

Ministry of Navy of the Empire, Russian ngo-1913, wamemezela ithenda ukuze kwakhiwe nambili lwento kanye ne-port icebreakers. umugqa ophihliza iqhwa emhlabeni wokuqala "Svyatogor" lakhiwa 1917 by "Mnumzane Armstrong futhi K °" iphrojekthi S. O. Makarova. Kamuva, kwadalulwa kabusha bese awuthwala igama "Krasin".

I icebreakers lokuqala Soviet ezakhiwa ngesikhathi shipyards zasekhaya eminyakeni 1938-1941. Ice Fleet zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa lalinabashumayeli izinkantolo zendawo, i-British, isiJalimane, isi-Danish, ukwakhiwa Finnish waseCanada.

AbaseSoviet ophihliza iqhwa imikhumbi agcwaliswa nge yenuzi-powered ophihliza iqhwa lokuqala emhlabeni "Lenin" ngo-1959, lakhiwa e-Admiralty Shipyard.

Udizili icebreakers ngokuba Navy Soviet wakha shipyards eFinland. Wawunamandla futhi imikhumbi uthayipha "eMoscow" futhi icebreakers uthayiphe "kusho uCaptain Sorokin" umthamo 16.2 MW yakhelwe lokuzula ngomlomo imifula Arctic ezindaweni ekujuleni engajulile okushisa ka -50 ° C, futhi icebreakers zezinhlobo "Mudyug". Lwathi luphela umlando yaseSoviet yokuthuthela yasekhaya icebreaking imikhumbi lalinabashumayeli izitsha 36.

Mudyug isiqhingi

Ngo-White Sea eduze komlomo Northern Dvina River kuyinto esiqhingini obukhulu bemvelo ukuthi izivakashi kanye ubuhle, umoya ohlanzekile futhi elinamanzi ulwandle, kanye nomlando esabekayo. Mudyug ukuze Arkhangelsk waba ukubaluleka amasu, kuyafana le Kronstadt ukuze Petersburg.

Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala futhi ekuqaleni kulwiwa kwakukhona ekamu lokuhlushwa adalwe abahlaseli-of-impi, kamuva owaba abadingisiwe isiboshwa ejele. Ekamu, bese kuya yetilongo izimo ngonya, lapho abambalwa ngasinda, ngakho Mudyug ngokuthi "isiqhingi sokufa."

Manje lesi siqhingi zomlando Nature Reserve, okubandakanya izinsalela emakamu nasemajele, okuholela beacon yesibani ngo-1875 futhi lighthouse elakhiwa ngo-1938.

Isikhumbuzo ukuba izisulu kokungenela usumisiwe inkumbulo lababuleweyo esiqhingini ngo-1928, kuqala itshe kanye usimende, kwathi ngo-1958 waba salandelwa egwadle.
Igama siqhingi ibizwa ngokuthi umkhumbi. "Mudyug" - udizili-kagesi ophihliza iqhwa nomthamo 7 MW, elakhiwa ngo-1982.

Ophihliza iqhwa "Mudyug"

Ukuhumusha leli gama Finno-Ugric - "uhambahamba umfula". Igama, ngokuvamile, uhambisane ukusebenza samanje ophihliza iqhwa asizayo.

Yakhiwa 1982 kwi ngisemsebenzini abadumile Finnish "Wärtsilä" (icebreakers Finnish aphule ice phakathi icebreaking ngoxhaxha emhlabeni), kanye nezinye icebreakers ezimbili - "Dixon" futhi "Magadan" - ngemva kwakhe. Waqala inkambo yakhe njengendlela "Mudyug" ukusebenza kule Murmansk Shipping Company, bese wadluliselwa Arkhangelsk. Ngo-1987, "Mudyug" waba remade kule phrojekthi Swiss. Ngaphambili uhhafu we ophihliza iqhwa lavuselelwa ngokuphelele, futhi manje ekhaleni lakhe sifana giant overshoe osayizi. umkhumbi ithangi baba ivulekile kakhulu, kodwa sawohloka lobubhalo kanye nekhala entsha, okuyinto ekuqaleni lakhiwa for mncane ice amachibi eSwitzerland, bahluleka ukuphula ice obukhulu ye-Arctic. Futhi ophihliza iqhwa asizayo wayiswa Petersburg egatsheni North-West of Rosmorport.

Manje-ke enquma iqhwa abasha kwi fairway e iNeva Bay, futhi strip kwamanzi ahlanzekile ngemuva kokuba i-nepilotage libanzi flat.

Izici ophihliza iqhwa

Umnikazi ophihliza iqhwa asizayo "Mudyug" iyona North-West Basin Yegatsha FSUE "Rosmorport", okuthiwa ashiwo ku-port Petersburg. "Rosmorport" Inkantolo ukuqinisekisa navigation ephephile emanzini amatheku Russian oLwandle iBaltic futhi phezu izindlela kuso.

Ophihliza iqhwa ephethe namandla 7.3 MW unhlangothi ithuthukisa ijubane emanzini evulekile 16.5 ifindo. Ubude bayo 111,6 amamitha, ububanzi - 22.2 amamitha, okusalungiswa - 6.8 amamitha, ukuphakama - 38 amamitha. Ubude ukufuduka ophihliza iqhwa - amathani ayinkulungwane 8,154, ice-embozwe - 115 ngamasentimitha.

Ice passability - ikhono ophihliza iqhwa ukuthutha amandla ngokugcwele injini eqhweni okuqinile, kukhombisa ice bomkhumbi walinganisa ukujiya esiphezulu ice, lapho umkhumbi kungaba njalo ngesivinini esiphansi.

Ngokwe- "Rosmorport" ophihliza iqhwa "Mudyug" izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu kungaba esiqondisweni ezizimele, kanye endaweni yayo zokubhukuda khona oLwandle iBaltic hhayi kukhawulwe.

aphoyintimenti ophihliza iqhwa

ophihliza iqhwa Asizayo "Mudyug" eyenzelwe icebreaking ezimele imikhumbi emikhulu, okungukuthi laying isiteshi amanzi ahlanzekile, ice-DRM. Njengoba nendlwana obuphelele incike ahlanzekile obuphelele isiteshi wamanzi ophihliza iqhwa, "Mudyug" mahele singase sithwale emikhunjini eziningana. Ingase futhi zathi a izitsha self ezinezinjini futhi izakhiwo elintantayo hhayi kuphela kwi iqhwa, kodwa futhi amanzi ahlanzekile. I ngokucacile of "ophihliza iqhwa", okuyinto igodla isiteshi flat, kuyivumela zathi imikhumbi kwi donsa eside.

imishini yayo evumela wokukucima imililo kuwo wonke izitshalo, hhayi kuphela izinto ezintantayo, futhi enze umsebenzi zokubasiza emikhunjini ukuthi sisosizini, futhi iqhwa, futhi amanzi evulekile.

Isilingo phezu sesimanje ice-full

Ekuqaleni, u-ice-embozwe ixazululwe ngokwandisa isisindo umkhumbi kanye namandla izitshalo kukagesi. Kodwa kwathi okuhlukile lapho iqhwa usike engela ezithile, hhayi gags, njengoba kusebenza kangcono. Kulo mkhakha okhethekile yefomu sikebhe ikuvumela ukuba ibenze phezu komkhumbi usike ice ngaphansi afanayo ice, washiya ophihliza iqhwa strip ehlanzekile amanzi, kunokuba izinsalela ice, okuyinto hhayi zonke umkhumbi izophela.

inkampani West German "Thyssen-WAAS 'okubhekiselwe isipiliyoni ngempumelelo sesimanje ice-full" Maks Valdek "futhi" Mudyug "got rework. Side ekhaleni ingxenye futhi ngokujulile zazifihlwa ngaphansi ukumshumayeza zibuthuntu amaphayiphi ihange hawse futhi emenza wags ushayele ophihliza iqhwa "galosh" noma "emakhaleni".

Njengoba ukuhlolwa ulwandle iphutha ehlobo, ice endaweni Franz Josef Zomhlaba wayengekho obukhulu kakhulu, novivinyo ukunikeza imiphumela eyanelisayo. Kodwa ebusika phezu nepilotage esisebenzayo Kwadlula ngaphambilini njengenkulumo zamehlo. Astern ice kuphulwa hambisa nhlobo kabakubonanga, ngaphambili yayibizwa elaligcwele phama ice. Ngaphezu kwalokho, glaciologists luye lwabonisa ukuthi iminyaka eminingi ice nge hummocks ukusika akunakwenzeka, njengoba kuqhathaniswa komntwana ononyaka owodwa, okuyinto usike ukuba "Mudyug" ukuhlolwa. Ophihliza iqhwa ekugcineni idluliselwe oLwandle iBaltic.

imikhosi icebreakers

Ekuqaleni kuka-May 2014 labetibambile icebreakers umkhosi. Wawuthatha Petersburg, wayengumuntu wokuqala emhlabeni futhi lunikezelwe sesquicentennial yemikhumbi ophihliza iqhwa yeRussia. Petersburg wathatha hits icebreakers. Kuphela ngosuku lokuqala lomkhosi wavakashelwa abantu abangaphezu kweshumi ukuba izinkulungwane. Adume ophihliza iqhwa elisolwandle i-Arctic "Krasin" nge umlando onothileko nobuqhawe; Port ophihliza iqhwa «Ivan Kruzenshtern", yaqanjwa omkhulu isihambi Umkhuzi UMA Kruzenshtern; omunye icebreakers eziyisithupha, yaqanjwa izinduna abadumile Soviet "kusho uCaptain Zarubin"; icebreakers Modern ngamathuluzi yokutakula umlilo zokucisha phakathi olwandle okuphambili kanye nempi yokulwa kukawoyela "eMoscow" futhi "Petersburg" - endaweni enhle kangaka lalikufanelekela isisebenzi "Mudyug" ophihliza iqhwa i nepilotage ezilwandle umnkantsha.

Okwesibili omkhosi wakhe wawenziwa ngo-May 2015. Wayezinikele Ekunqobeni kwakhe lamashumi ayisikhombisa futhi axhaphaze abahlanganyeli ngohide Polar ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Nalapha futhi, Petersburg sabamba umbukiso we icebreakers. Ngaphezu abahlanganyeli ngonyaka odlule, ophihliza iqhwa "Krasin", "Ivan Kruzenshtern", "Mudyug" futhi "eMoscow", bahlanganyela umkhosi "Nevskaya Zastava" futhi "kusho uCaptain Sorokin."

Ikusasa Russian ophihliza iqhwa imikhumbi

Manje uhlelo isimo udala icebreaking imikhumbi entsha Russia, kusukela emikhunjini kakhulu ezikhona letawubhalwa off.

Kubandakanya iyokwakhiwa ingenakukwazi kagesi icebreakers: umugqa ukusebenza kwazo e-Arctic, amandla phezu imiphini lapho - 25 MW; Line for zeqhwa ezilwandle nomthamo 16-18 MW; nezinsiza kanye nomthamo 7 MW, efana ophihliza iqhwa "Mudyug".

Class ophihliza iqhwa LK-25D can, esikhundleni ophihliza iqhwa "Krasin" futhi "Admiral Makarov", ukuhlinzeka navigation ehlobo nokudilivela impahla emikhunjini lwemikhumbi empumalanga, futhi unyaka wonke - esifundeni entshonalanga yayo, phezu Yenisei.

Icebreakers uhlobo LK-18D, okuyinto zihloselwe esikhundleni izitsha "kusho uCaptain Sorokin," ingaba into yokuhamba hhayi kuphela e-Arctic empumalanga naseMpumalanga Ekude, kodwa futhi ezindaweni ezintsha ethembisa elisemcengezini Ekude.
Icebreakers uthayiphe LK-7d nje avele ukuba esikhundleni asizayo imikhumbi ingenakukwazi kagesi ezifana "Mudyug".

entsha ophihliza iqhwa isizukulwane kuyadingeka sokuthuthukiswa iziqondiso ezintsha traffic eliseMpumalanga Ekude futhi e-Arctic, futhi ukusevisa nezimbobo entsha terminals.