impucuko waseGibhithe ingenye omdala. Kwakuwusuku abaseGibhithe Sakhe omunye Wonders Seven Wezwe - imibhoshongo ecijile yaseGibithe. Ososayensi abasuke bengakakwazi ukusebenzisa ukuqonda ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ukwakha isakhiwo esinjalo omkhulu nge ezingabizi wokwakha ubuchwepheshe.
Valley kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe
Zonke eGibhithe wathola izakhiwo ezingaphezu kuka-100, kodwa edume kakhulu kubo zitholakala eduze Cairo, e Giza esigodini. Kukhona amamemo ezintathu ubudala: Cheops, Khafre futhi Menkaure. Futhi, nokungcwaba enkulu ingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi we Sphinx kanye Museum itholakala ngaphakathi lasendulo ne isikebhe. imibhoshongo baseGibhithe, kungakhathalekile ubungako bawo, ningabaleli omkhulu zomlando ukubaluleka kwamasiko. Isithakazelo kuzo akuyona acime namuhla.
Menkaure
UFaro Mycerinus (iminyaka 2532-2503 BC), kanye nanoma yikuphi umbusi ngesikhathi, kwaba ukuzoqhubekisela sabo futhi ukwakha ethuneni lakhe. mbhoshongo wakhe ungumbuso imingcele ngesizotha, njengoba kuqhathaniswa zonke, esisogwini Giza Plateau. It yasungulwa ngo-ntshonalanga ye-ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi Giza, ukuqhela emathuneni Khufu futhi Khafre. Tomb Mikerina has ukuma iphiramidi njalo. Ubufakazi wesikhathi bathi kwalo mbhoshongo kwaba ithafa elihle kakhulu, naphezu lingakanani. Abantu bendawo basibiza ngokuthi "yisikhathi Heru", okusho ngesi-Arabhu elisho ukuthi "okusezingeni eliphezulu". Umbhoshongo Menkaure, njengoba ibizwa, -Update we imibhoshongo ecijile emikhulu. Kamuva, ukuphakama yabo Laliyindinganiso futhi akazange idlule 20 amamitha. Ithuna lizungezwe nezakhiwo, ubhubhe ezintathu mini-imibhoshongo. Kucatshangwa e imibhoshongo ezincane bangcwatshwa kosikazi Pharaoh. Kunzima ukuthola ngokuthe ngqo ukuthi ukubheka Menkaure, njengoba ekhulwini XVI, ke bahlupheka kakhulu ngenxa kuhlaselwa amaMamluk laseGibhithe. Enye kubangele ngokwengxenye ekubhujisweni izazi zikholelwa ekubalekeni phakathi kokwakhiwa kwethempeli, kanye nokusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni adobe.
Amapharamitha ethuneni Menkaure
Ibanga eliseduze mbhoshongo ethuneni Hefrena elingamamitha angu-200. Liyophuma 62 amamitha nobude uhlangothi kuyinto 109 metres. Menkaure has ukuma iphiramidi njalo. Kwaba 66 amamitha eliphezulu ekuqaleni, kodwa isikhathi ehlane wathatha nethonya. Ngakho ngenxa yokuthi mbhoshongo ngakwazi ukubona kancane ivikelwe isihlabathi drift iyagcinwa ubude emaceleni futhi ingxenye ulwelwesi yangaphandle ezansi. Njengoba isisu mbhoshongo umklami kufanele kube ngesisekelo usayizi 60x60 amamitha. Nokho, ukwandisa endaweni base, kwanqunywa kamuva. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa isipiliyoni odlule ekwakhiweni kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe yayisetshenziswa. Ngokungafani kumakhophi, Mikerina mbhoshongo isisekelo ithala yokufakelwa limestone amabhlogo. Nokho, ngokuvamile, ethuneni lamiswao kwi enamadwala isisekelo zemvelo.
Yangaphandle ambozwe kakhulu labelwe Menkaure phakathi kwabanye. It senziwa zalezi zinhlobo impahla:
- Ezansi uphahlwe egwadle abomvu;
- phakathi limestone esetshenziswa Tours;
- phezulu ehlotshiswe egwadle abomvu.
Ngaphakathi ethuneni Menkaure
Burial ekamelweni Ubukhulu futhi zivumelana ubukhulu kanye mbhoshongo nesizotha. Amapharamitha: 6,5h2,35 metres uphinde uthele kancane ukuphakama amathathu amamitha nengxenye. Kumiswa ophahleni egumbini main njengendlela poluarki futhi yakhiwa amabhlogo ezimbili eduze, lokhu kubanga inkohliso lwaleli. egwadle ophucuziwe elasetshenziselwa abami ezindongeni zangaphakathi Mausoleum. Njengoba ujenga izindonga ephasishi kanye ethuneni yasekuqaleni.
Egumbini nge kwelizayo izinto ezitebhisini. Isivivane lokuqala lalibizwa ngaxoxa nabo ezinhloko-1837 yi-uhambo British uColonel Howard Vance. Ngezinye ukuhlola isidumbu kwatholakala basalt sarcophagus ngesivalo lokhuni, namathambo. I sarcophagus wathunyelwa ukufunda e-London. Nokho, lo mkhumbi sabanjwa nesiphepho futhi yacwila. Lomngcwabo benziwa nomzimba womuntu, abavubukuli isibaluli ekuqaleni kwenkathi yobuKristu. An iqoqo olubanzi ukubaza kwatholakala lapho bemba. Ziphephile eyigugu kakhulu babe obala ngesikhathi Central Museum of Cairo futhi ngesikhathi Boston Museum of Art.
Ikhono abaklami uthi block olulodwa elise ngaphakathi mbhoshongo, okuyinto unesisindo esingamathani angaba ngu-200. Lena block sekukaningi Monolithic, okuyinto walethwa Valley koFaro. Futhi engxenyeni eyinhloko esontweni isithombe esikhulu senkosi etholakele.