Marsilio Ficino - isazi sefilosofi, isazi semfundiso yenkolo kanye nososayensi, i sazi esivelele Yenguquko

Marsilio Ficino (iminyaka yokuphila - 1433-1499) wazalelwa eduze Florence, edolobheni Figline. Wafundiswa University of Florence. Lapha wafundiswa imithi kanye nefilosofi. Ifilosofi Marsilio Ficino, kanye abanye amaqiniso yomlando wakhe izokwethulwa kulesi sihloko.

Marsilio ubhala ekuqaleni 50s kwekhulu le-15, imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala ezimele, okuyinto zaziphawuleka ngokungabi ithonya imibono zefilosofi ezihlukahlukene endulo. Isikhashana ngemva kwalokho kwaba ukutadisha ngesiGreki futhi waqala ukutadisha wokuhumusha. Ficino kulezi iminyaka, abe ngunobhala Kozimo Medichi, inhloko yabangamashumi Florentine republic.

Ukubona Marsilio Ficino

Marsilio ngokuvamile kuyindlela generalized, uhlobo uphawu wefilosofi neyobuntu, isimo ixubene ezihlukahlukene namasiko zefilosofi nezenkolo. Ngenxa umpristi wamaKatolika (Ficino eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-40 sezizonke), yayinesithakazelo imibono yongqondongqondo basendulo, abanye ezintshumayelweni zakhe ezizinikezele "uPlato laphezulu" (isithombe kukhonjisiwe ngezansi), ngisho ukubeka indlu phambi ngokudayisa wakhe ikhandlela. Yena eyingoduso ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi magic of Ficino. Lezi Kunalokho, kubonakala, ikhwalithi wesazi sefilosofi, kunalokho, babengamathe nolimi.

Ficino - sezifundo

Ficino wabonisa ngokucacile emsebenzini wakhe isici esiyinhloko le nenhlangano yabathi, ngoba, njengomnikelo iningi abameleli ngalezi zikhathi ezilandelayo, naye wayekholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezifiso entsha engavumelekile itholakala kuphela uma kabusha ulungisiswa ukholo lobuKristu ngosizo imibono umlingo ezingaqondakali endala, kanye ngesisekelo imibono Plato ayebabheka njengamalungu owalandela Zoroaster, Orpheus noHermesi Trismegistus. Kufanele kuqashelwe lapha ukuthi Ficino, kanye nezinye abaphika nefilosofi kaPlato kanye Neo-Platonism babe imfundiso eyodwa. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19 ngokokuqala waqaphela umehluko phakathi Platonism kanye Neo-Platonism.

imisebenzi yokuhumusha

Marsilio Ficino, kokuba ezicini eziningi zokuzilibazisa, uye wabambelela ezinkulu ezintathu ezilandelayo izigaba. Waba abadumile ngokuyinhloko njengoba umhumushi. Eminyakeni 1462-1463 kwaba Marsilio elihunyushwe isibaluli Hermes Trismegistus isebenza olimini lwesiLatini, futhi "Amazwana ukuba Zoroaster," futhi "Hymns of Orpheus." Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu ezayo wanyathelisa ngesiLatini cishe zonke mpendulwano kaPlato no Plotinus, futhi kamuva izazi zefilosofi zasendulo "Areopagitica" (iminyaka 80-90 yekhulu le-15).

imibhalo yefilosofi

Enye indawo yomsebenzi Ficino kwakuhlobene nefilosofi. Layidalile imisebenzi emibili: "Theology kaPlato we yokungafi komphefumulo" futhi "Ngo wenkolo yobuKristu." Ficino, esekelwe imisebenzi ebhalwe Hermes Trismegistus, wagomela ukuthi izigaba eyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa wefilosofi avele ngokuthi "isambulo", ngakho ngencazelo yalo ukulungiselela omphefumulo womuntu ukuze abone bezibona isambulo.

imibono yenkolo

sazi-Florentine, eqinisweni, wangaba ifilosofi kanye nenkolo, njengabanye eziningi zefilosofi kwekhulu le-15. Ngokusho kwakhe, zivela ezimfundisweni ezingaqondakali lasendulo. I Izimpawu kwaphezulu njengoba isambulo wanikwa Zoroaster, Orpheus noHermesi Trismegistus. Ngemva kwalokho, le edluliselwe uyogcwala ulwazi ngoNkulunkulu imfihlo wayiswa uPlato futhi Pythagoras. ukubukeka kwakhe ezweni iisus hristos komculo kakade emphilweni uLogos, iZwi. Wabuye imiqondo bonke abantu isambulo zaphezulu.

Ngenxa yalokho, imfundiso yobuKristu, futhi nefilosofi lasendulo babe umthombo ovamile - uLogos Kwaphezulu. Ukuze Ficino ke isifundo kakhulu ifilosofi kanye nemisebenzi yabapristi kuyisikhalo ubunye indissoluble futhi ngokuphelele. Wayekholelwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa umqondo abanye ezivamile zefilosofi nezenkolo, sihlanganise nezimfundiso zikaPlato, le inkolo eyayinaso YemiBhalo Engcwele lasendulo.

Umqondo "inkolo jikelele"

Ngo Ficino ngokwaleli logic, okuthiwa Umqondo wokuthi inkolo jikelele. Wayekholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ekuqaleni wanikeza yeqiniso elingokwenkolo ngenxa nokungapheleli kwabantu abakwazi ukuqonda kuze kube sekupheleni, ukuze adale zonke izinhlobo zamahlelo enkolo emhlabeni. Zama uyasondela kuye futhi wenze ezihlukahlukene ongqondongqondo, omelela amazinga ayisisekelo yentuthuko nefilosofi. Kodwa zonke lezi zinkolelo nemibono - nje okubonakalisa "inkolo jikelele" olulodwa. iqiniso Laphezulu ubuKristu bathola le nkulumo iyiqiniso kakhulu futhi kunembile.

Ficino, efuna ukuthola incazelo kanye okuqukethwe "inkolo jikelele" kufanele Neoplatonic isikimu. Ngokusho kwakhe, izwe yakhiwa amazinga ezinhlanu ezilandelayo: ndaba, ikhwalithi (noma ifomu), umphefumulo ingelosi, Nkulunkulu (inyuka). Ephakeme imiqondo elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo kukhona uNkulunkulu nezingelosi. Ziyakwazi obungapheli, unemandla, engabhubhiyo, indivisible. Matter nekhwalithi - ephansi imiqondo zihlotshaniswa nezwe zangempela ke kungagcini emkhathini, ofayo, zesikhashana severable.

The main futhi isixhumanisi kuphela phakathi amazinga aphansi nangaphezulu wempilo imele umphefumulo. Yena, ngokuvumelana Ficino, kuyinto mithathu, njengoba nje iye abantu abathathu: umphefumulo izidalwa eziphilayo, umphefumulo sphere yasezulwini futhi umphefumulo zomhlaba. Ivela kuNkulunkulu, ke aphilisa kulomhlaba. Uzihlabelelela ngokoqobo Marsilio Ficino umphefumulo, athi oluyisibopho zonke, kusukela lapho wafaka zibe munye, akabashiyi nabanye. Ngokuvamile, wonke umphefumulo, futhi isekela zonke izinto. Ngakho Ficino ubiza impi yalo futhi kweqembu emhlabeni, ubuso bonke, umlamuleli zonke izinto, isikhungo nemvelo.

Kulesi sisekelo, kuyacaca ukuthi kungani 'uzekwayo kangaka ikhokhwe Marsilio umphefumulo ngamunye. Ukunamathela laphezulu izikhathi ezimbalwa, kuyinto ukuqonda kwakhe "umzimba senkosikazi", uphatha ke. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi umphefumulo wakhe kufanele kube umsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu yimuphi umuntu.

Isihloko zabantu

Sihloko okushiwo umuntu we Ficino ngabanye uyaqhubeka ezingxoxweni 'eziwuthando kaPlato ". Usho uthando sihlangane kuNkulunkulu ngingowenyama, ungumuntu ongokoqobo umbono ngakho. Ficino, ngokuhambisana imibono Christian Neo-kaPlato, uthi konke emhlabeni kuvela kuNkulunkulu bese zibuyela kuye. Ngakho-ke, kuzo zonke izinto okudingeka yokuthanda uMdali. Khona-ke abantu bazokwazi ifike uthando lukaNkulunkulu zonke izinto.

indoda Iqiniso kanye nomqondo, ngakho-ke - eyodwa. Kodwa phansi akukho muntu kweqiniso, ngoba bonke abantu bahlukana futhi kusukela ngokwabo. Lapha kuziwa phakathi force uthando saphezulu, esinganikela ngawo ongeza empilweni yangempela. Uma-ke ngeke ixhunyaniswe bonke abantu babekwazi ukuthola indlela yabo umbono. Ngakho-ke, uNkulunkulu onothando, abantu beba ethandekayo kubo.

ethandwa kakhulu ekhulwini le-15 kwaba intshumayelo "uthando kaPlato" futhi "inkolo jikelele". Yena ihlale igcinekile futhi kamuva ngoba Western eziningi ongqondongqondo sikhalo salo.

I indatshana "Ngo Life"

Ngo 1489 Ficino indatshana yezokwelapha "Ngo Life," esanyatheliswa, lapho encika imithetho zesayensi yokufundwa kwezinkanyezi, kanye nabanye abameleli Yempucuko. Ngesisekelo nemiyalelo yezokwelapha ngesikhathi wakhonza njengephayona nenkolelo yokuthi Izimpawu zezinkanyezi angaphansi izingxenye zomzimba womuntu, futhi amaplanethi ezahlukene ezihlobene nokusebenzelana sengqondo. Kwakuthinta olwabiwa ongqondongqondo abaningi ngeNkathi Yenguquko. Opus senzelwe lososayensi okwathi ngenxa izifundo ngenkuthalo ngokuvamile awela melancholy noma ukugula. Ficino weluleka ukuba bagweme amaminerali, izilwane, amakhambi, izitshalo, okuqondene Saturn (iplanethi onaleli Ubumnene melancholic), ukuba azungeze ngokwabo nge izinto ezihlobene Venus, uJupiter ilanga. Ukubona Mercury, njengoba kushiwo yi-sazi, eba inkumbulo kanye nezobunhloli. Anganikeza dingisa enomkhuhlane, uma ibekwe phezu kwesihlahla.

Okusho umsebenzi Ficino

I ongqondongqondo Renaissance kakhulu ibekwe Marsilio. Wenza umnikelo omkhulu isiko Florence, yesithathu yokugcina yekhulu le-15, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni uhlobo olusha Platonism. Phakathi abangane bakhe abameleli ezinkulu Renaissance emikhakheni ehlukahlukene: zefilosofi, izazi zezombangazwe, izimbongi, abadwebi, nezinye ubuntu evelele.

Ngokusebenzisa imvelo Ficino engangisebenza ezindaweni eziningi ekuphileni okungokomoya Florence, ikakhulukati zobuciko, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi, amakhasimende avame zaba etemibhalo uhlelo imisebenzi. Ithonya imibono yakhe usukela emuva "Ukuzalwa Venus" futhi "Spring" by Botticelli, "i-Pan" Signorelli, kanye uchungechunge imidwebo "Umlando Vulcan" Piero di Cosimo, nabanye. Iveza kubo kanye eminye umlando wefilosofi. Kafushane siye echazwe biography nemibono lokhu sazi futhi namuhla Sinesithakazelo esikhulu.