Limestone izakhiwo. Rock kuyinto namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. limestone ifomula

Lime - itshe yemvelo, okuyinto inzika organic noma Organo-chemical imvelaphi elithambile, eyakhiwa ikakhulukazi calcium carbonate (calcite). Ngokuvamile-ke yakhiwa asebenza ngebhethri ukungcola, phosphate, Silica, ubumba kanye zesihlabathi futhi izinsalela calcareous amathambo nezilwanyana ezincane. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngamathonya le nto zemvelo, izinhlobo zayo, izakhiwo kanye kwenkululeko isicelo, kanye ukuthola ukuthi kunani ifomula amakhemikhali limestone, futhi abaningi abengeziwe.

kumiswa limestone

Ukuze uqale, ake sibheke abangu indlela kwakheka la namaminerali. Lime ngokuyinhloko kwakheka indishi elingajulile zasolwandle, nakuba kukhona emanzini angenawo usawoti. Kwenzeka ngendlela imali kanye izingqimba. Ngezinye izikhathi kusheshisa, efana Gypsum nosawoti kusukela ahwamukayo amachweba amanzi olwandle kanye namachibi. Nokho, ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi it is zibekwe izilwandle ungazange uhlangabezane omiswe olunzulu. Ukwakhiwa limestone kakhulu waqala ehlukana eziphilayo kusuka amanzi olwandle ukwakha calcium carbonate amagobolondo namathambo. Nazi izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo efile in inqwaba buthelela ogwini. Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu ukubuyisa kanye ekuqongeleleni calcium carbonate kukhona coral. Ngakho, kwezinye izimo, phezu limestone ikhefu amagobolondo ngabanye kuyabonakala. Ngaphansi kwethonya ulwandle imisinga futhi umthelela emagagasini surf zamakhorali ikhefu. Futhi olwandle ukuze qongelele doti limestone -calcium carbonate, okuyinto kusheshisa kusukela amanzi ayegcwele kubo. Futhi emfundweni abasha limestone rocks abathintekayo calcium, elivela wabhubhisa amatshe lasendulo.

zinhlobo

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-limestone. Coquina ngokuthi cluster amagobolondo cezu zabo, waqinisa e ukwakheka lezinyosi. Esimeni lapho igobolondo has usayizi encane kakhulu, kwakheka elithambile, alengayo oluhambisana, okugcoba fake ebhidlikayo limestone - wokulinganisa. rock Oolitic siqukethe amancane, mayelana ubukhulu amaqanda nenhlanzi lwaqinisa amabhola. Umnyombo ngalinye lingafundwa emelelwa isiqeshana igobolondo, yimuphi uhlamvu lwenhlabathi noma ezinye kuyizinhlayiyana impahla emazweni angaphandle. Esimeni lapho ubuhlalu makhulu, ezifana ipea, bebizwa pizolitami futhi zohlobo, ngokulandelana, pizolitovym namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. Enye okufana kuyinto travertine - wawubumba is phezu phakathi kwezulu calcite noma aragonite imithombo yamanzi carbonic. Uma lezi ezifakwa kukhona ukungena nakwamanye amazwe kakhulu substrate (isipanji), ubizwa ngokuthi tuff. Unconsolidated ingxube yobumba kanye calcium carbonate ubizwe Marl.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-limestone ziyahlukahluka kanye nemibala. umbala Basic - omhlophe. Kodwa kungaba futhi ephuzi, beige ukukhanya, grey ukukhanya, okungenani - kancane Pinkish. White-pink futhi idwala elimhlophe-ephuzi, ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto eyigugu kakhulu.

limestone ifomula

Njengoba kubaluliwe phambilini, lokhu impahla yemvelo yakhiwa ngokuyinhloko calcite noma calcite kusele amathambo kanye amagobolondo, akuvamile ka aragonite. Ngakho-limestone ifomula kuyoba kanje: Caco _3. Nokho, zohlobo okumsulwa kukalutshwana kakhulu, kwezinye izimo kuhlanganisa ukungcola ezihlukahlukene asebenza ngebhethri, amaminerali ubumba, dolomite, Gypsum, pyrite futhi, yebo, izinsalela organic. Ngakho, dolomitic limestone (Formula lokhu zohlobo kuhlanganisa MgO) liba ezine ukuze nesikhombisa amaphesenti magnesium oxide, Marly - amaphesenti angu-21 ka-oxides esidi (Sio ₂ + R ₂ O _3). Ukwakheka ingase ihlanganise carbonate dolomite CaMg (CO _{3) 2,} FeCO _3, MnCO _3, futhi, amanani amancane - oxides, sulfides futhi hydroxides of Fe, Ca ₃ (PO _{4) 2,} caso _4.

Lime: Izakhiwo kanye Izicelo

izakhiwo Physico-mechanical emadwaleni Nokho kukhona heterogeneous kakhulu, kuzoncika ngqo ku ukuthungwa yayo kanye nesakhiwo. nabafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme ucabangela izakhiwo limestone (Grade 4) kusukela isikhundla ngokwalokho abayikho ngaphandle zayo. Bayacwaninga nemingcele ezilandelayo: umbala, ukuminyana, amandla, isimo, solubility. Sihamba kancane okunye futhi ucabangele ngendlela enabile le izakhiwo amaminerali. Lime lunesibalo ku uhla 2700-2900 kg / m ^3. Lokhu ukuguquguquka kungenxa inani ukungcola asebenza ngebhethri esasingahlala, dolomite namanye amaminerali. izinguquko ukuminyana wohlelo ububanzi kakhulu. Ngakho, travertine kanye igobolondo kuba 800 kuphela kg / m ^3, kuyilapho idwala crystalline ifinyelela 2800 kg / m ^3. Uma ucabangela izakhiwo limestone, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amandla compressive yamadwala incike ngobuningi bayo kwabantu. Ngakho igobolondo rock kuba 0.4 kuphela MPA, futhi ngezinye afanitov esondela 300 MPA. I izici ezingenhla kunqunywa zohlobo futhi isicelo lezi zinhlobo zezindwangu. Ngokwesibonelo, ekwakhiweni ngaphezulu limestone compact elisetshenziswa wokwakha izindonga ukungena nakwamanye amazwe muhle ulwelwesi nokudala ensembles zokuhlobisa.

Ithonya sezulu

Kuye umswakama ezingeni limestone izakhiwo zingahluka. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko kuthinta amandla ayo - ke abahlukene encishisiwe uma itshe ezimanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi imali has a zohlobo okuxubile. Kuleli qophelo kufanele uyinake ekhethekile, ngenxa yokwaziswa inhomogeneous kuzohluka kwabantu, nakho kungaholela ekubhujisweni. Ukuhlaziya izakhiwo limestone kufanele banganakwa, kanye nemingcele ezifana frost ukumelana: lokhu kuthinta kakhulu amandla amaminerali kanye nesikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Ngakho, limestones crystalline frost kuyinto 300-400 imijikelezo. Nokho, leli nani kakhulu ziyancipha ebukhoneni imifantu futhi ikhule ezimbotsheni asendabeni. Ngakho, zonke izakhiwo ngenhla limestone kubalulekile ukucabangela le ukusetshenziswa kwale nto zemvelo, ukuze ukuyinakekela.

Lime ngenxa ukwakhiwa

Imboni yezokwakha kuyinto umthengi ezinkulu izidubedube phambi kwethu. Dolomitic (idwala) limestone isetshenziswa ukwenziwa putty kanye usimende Izingxube, sealants nezinye. limestone White inqwaba asetshenziswe yokuqedela futhi umhlobiso zezakhiwo. Coquina ngokuvamile utholakala namabhlogo wokwakha, njalonjalo. D. Ngeke sigxile kule mboni, futhi kahle kakhulu yibo bonke. Futhi-ke hamba phambili.

Lime ekukhiqizeni yezimboni zanamuhla

It kuvela ukuthi le nto zemvelo isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni opende, rubbers futhi Plastics. A ukuhlanzwa ukungcola yingozi umzimba womuntu, isetshenziswa ngisho embonini ukudla. Ukukhiqizwa ingilazi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle limestone, ngoba liwumthombo oyinhloko we-calcium. Lolu hlobo isibe esisemqoka, futhi okubaluleke - ingxenye ifinyeleleke ukukhiqizwa ephepheni. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke sihlale usebenzisa imikhiqizo efana amapayipi, linoleum, zama-tile, tile, njll .., Futhi babengazi nokuthi zonke lezi izinto nazo limestone samanje. Ngisho ukukhiqizwa plastic (PP, PVC, krempleny, lavsan, njll) ngeke akwenze ngaphandle lolu impahla eluhlaza. I uyinki esetshenziswa yi-calcium carbonate njengoba sombala Umbala. Njengoba ubona, lokhu okubalulekile unesikhundla ehola cishe zonke izimboni.

chemical umkhakha

Ngisho nezinto ezifana upholishi wezicathulo wokuxubha, scouring powder, nokunye., Yikuphi sisebenzisa nsukuzonke, zihlobene namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. Lezi izinto zokusetshenziswa asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni izidakamizwa okokuvikela imvelo ukungcola ezihlukahlukene. Ngokusekelwe ezingenhla, singabona kugcwale umlomo ukuthi i-material owaziwa futhi lutholakale kalula okungukuthi limestone, liyisici esibalulekile impucuko yesimanje.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

A umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni itshe eqoshwe ezenziwe nabantu baseNingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi. Olmecs, ama-Aztec, Mayans inchubekelembili lenkhulu e ikhono ukukhiqiza chalcedony, obsidian ne-silicon steel, amathuluzi ukusika nezinye izinto zasendlini. Ngakho, izikhonkwane elendlalekile, graters, izigqulo ngakho ukudala i-basalt, sandstone namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. Izigubhu futhi lokuqobela amathuluzi eyenziwe diorite, jade, jade kanye nezinye izinto. Ikakhulu izocubungulwa itshe isikhungo lingumuzi amaMaya - I fineness futhi Nebaj.