LaseKharkov ibhayisikili ifektri - umlando, imikhiqizo kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

LaseKharkov ibhayisikili ifektri yasungulwa ngabathengisi Russian eminyakeni engaba ngu-130 edlule. Ngaphambi inguquko, emabhayisikili ifektri babizwa ngokuthi "Russian", wathenga umnyango wezempi, ahlomele impi, futhi inkampani ukwethula izinto zobuchwepheshe obuphambili, kuhloswe lidlule nozakwabo European aphumelele ezimweni eziningi. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, iphupho bonke Abahamba abe brand ibhayisikili "Ukraine". Namuhla lesi sitshalo ukhiqiza emabhayisikili yesimanje imodeli.

Riga Innovator

LaseKharkov ibhayisikili ifektri evela izikhathi Tsarist Russia. Ngo-1889, Russian yomthengisi A. A. Leytner wavula imboni encane ekhiqiza ukwenziwa entsha, ngokushesha waba ubuchwepheshe imfashini Riga - ibhayisikili. Ekuqaleni, izisebenzi lalinabashumayeli abasebenzi abathathu kuphela futhi umnikazi yena, ovulela emabhayisikili "isicabucabu" uhlobo. Kancane kancane, ukukhiqizwa isungule. sokunconywa Leitner itholakala yokuthi njengoba usomabhizinisi kweqiniso, wayefuna ukunikeza umthengi ne imikhiqizo umhlabeleli futhi wayazi okuningi ngalo.

Alexander Leitner kwaba umuntu enezimfanelo esikhulu usomabhizinisi nolwazi design engineer. Njengelungu weBhodi Riga ngebhayisikili umphakathi, wahambela nemibukiso emazweni ehlukene zezwe futhi silandele novelties emakethe ibhayisikili. Fashion kuragela uhlobo entsha yokuhamba: ukuba esikhundleni nzima "isicabucabu" kwavela uhlobo imodeli "Safed". Kwaphela isikhathi eside, imikhiqizo anikezwa kuphela izifundazwe ezimbalwa, eseduze ukukhiqizwa, okuyinto vele uye waba negama lalo - "Russian".

Ngo-1896, le mboni ithatha ingxenye Zonke-Russian Exhibition esenzeka Nizhny Novgorod. Yima kanye Leitner imikhiqizo, ehlanganisa onobuhle nambili amabhayisikili, kwaba impumelelo enkulu. Kuleli qophelo, ukukhiqizwa ukhiphe 15 izihloko komgwaqo futhi umjaho emabhayisikili. UMnu Leitner ngithola indondo embukisweni, okuyinto kuwuphawu ukuqashelwa, kwasiza ekwenzeni imikhiqizo ezingeni likazwelonke.

ukuze lempi

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 ifektri "Russia" esikhishwe izintokazi, amadoda, umgwaqo, amaloli, izingane, sivule amabhayisikili. Lonke uhla siqukethe onobuhle ezingaphezu kuka-20. inqubomgomo Intengo kwaba yeningi ngoba ibhayisikili eshibhe abiza ruble 130, multi-isihlalo onobuhle abangu Kulinganiselwa ukuthi inani laso licela azungeze 450 ruble. Leitner yena wethula ezintsha ngemuva umklamo emikhonweni kanye nelungelo lobunikazi kokusungulwa, okuyinto yimpumelelo kakhulu, ukuhlinzeka amabhayisikili izinzuzo yasekhaya okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuncintisana ezimakethe zomhlaba.

umnyango wezempi Tsarist Russia ozwelayo novelties, futhi ngo-1913 ifektri uthole i ukuze likhiqize amadoda ayizinkulungwane 1 ibhayisikili emgwaqweni. Ama-oda okunjalo iphakamisile inkampani isilinganiso ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, okuyinto nakanjani abathintekayo nenani oda esisele endaweni yokukhanda. inzuzo yenkampani yonyaka ifinyelele ruble ayizigidi 400, futhi wathi okukhipha sibalo amayunithi 8000 ngonyaka.

Babeza besuka eRiga laseKharkov

Ngo-1915, front line lidlule eduze Riga, kudingeka kuhlengwe amabhizinisi of ukubaluleka zamasu. Julayi 24, 1915, zonke izindawo zokukhiqiza zadluliselwa laseKharkov, emagcekeni ifektri wangaphambili Gelferiks Sad. Ngesikhathi indawo entsha ngo-1916, inkampani waqala ukukhiqizwa lempi alo ibhayisikili "Dux impi." Ngokwe nkampani phambilini yayihlele usayine inkontileka athumele umnyango wezempi 3000 ibhayisikili lempi.

Kuze Novemba 1917 ifektri Leitner bathunyelwa epini 3,600 ukulwa onobuhle. Kuwo wonke umlando bokuba khona umugqa ukukhiqizwa okungaphezu 100,000 amabhayisikili, ithuthukiswe onobuhle ezingaphezu kuka-60. Izimpahla umlando wangaphambi mbuso ka inkampani ukukhiqizwa izithuthuthu lokuqala, ngamabhayisikili anamasondo amathathu kanye nezinhlobo ezimbalwa izimoto.

emva kwempi

Ngemva inguquko kanye impi ezibhuqiwe okudingwa yizwe lethu kakhulu kwezokuthutha. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, libhayisikili - Ilungile kuzo zonke izici. Ngu ekuqaleni Okokuqala Umhlaba eRussia, kwakukhona amabili nomkhiqizi ezinkulu ibhayisikili - eMoscow ifektri "Dux", phakathi nempi redeveloped ukukhiqiza izindiza, futhi imboni Leitner, ngokuhlakanipha zayiswa laseKharkov. Ezikhathini zangaphambi wamavukelambuso eyakhishwa mayelana 25,000 emabhayisikili ngonyaka eRussia.

Ngo-1923 laseKharkov ibhayisikili kwemboni, manje uye a okuthiwa Leitner, ngobukhulu ubunzima, kukhishwa izimoto eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela ngonyaka. Neziphathimandla zedolobha unqume angeze amandlakhe ukukhiqizwa futhi bahlele ibhayisikili State Plant yaqanjwa GI Petrovsky. Njengengxenye sesimanje izigaba ukukhiqizwa kwamandla zadluliselwa kwesitshalo esisha, abenyukela igatsha zinomsebenzi kwaloliwe. Le ndawo Imininingwane ihlanganisa ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 amahektha.

Ngasekuqaleni kuka-ukubuyiselwa sitshalo isimo kwaba abasebenzi mayelana 50 abanolwazi, njengoba ayephethe ingcebo isipiliyoni esiwusizo. isakhiwo esiyisisekelo yothisha kwamiswa wabo, amakhosi kanye abafundisi ababe ukufundisa Wabasaqalayo basebenza imishini non-standard-rate. Ngo-1924 i-laseKharkov ibhayisikili ifektri Uqede ukukhiqizwa ngonyaka kuka 1 ayizinkulungwane amabhayisikili.

Yandisa amazinga okukhiqiza

Kukhona isisho esithi - "Kubekwé isidingo ungunina okusunguliwe," okuyinto uthola ngokuphelele isiqinisekiso empilweni yangempela. Ezweni ezibhuqiwe ayinazo izesekeli amabhayisikili daba, kodwa kukhona izitshalo eziningi ngezimpahla ongaceli. Ngu kuveza elula ezincwadini master isitshalo baqala ukusebenzisa isiZulu esikhundleni ozimele iphakama Cossack, wanqwabelanisa ensimini ka isitshalo angomakhelwane kusukela kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Ngo-1926, ukuthengwa izingxenye angaphandle ezenziwe sezisunguliwe. Kusukela England kukhishelwa steel amashubhu nekhono, ibhayisikili ngamaketanga, amabhande nezinsimbi abandayo, amakhemikhali nezimpahla ezidingekayo. Ingxenye izinto ezidingekayo amazwe evela eJalimane.

Inani elanele ephezulu grade izinto nemijikelezo ukukhiqizwa avunyelwe ukukhulula ibhayisikili wokuqala ezisemthethweni ukukhiqizwa ayo, okuthiwa "Ukraine". Kuze 1927 the laseKharkov ibhayisikili ifektri imishini ubudala ikhiphe cishe izinkulungwane 12 amabhayisikili lokhu model.

ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi

LaseKharkov ibhayisikili ifektri kuncike sesimanje ngo-1929, okwenza bakwazi kahle ukukhiqizwa onobuhle ngcono futhi sandise ukuthi ikhiqiza iziqhumane imikhiqizo isiqedile. Kuze 1941, inkampani kukhiqizwa mayelana 1 million emabhayisikili. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-ubutha isitshalo ngokuxhamazela zayiswa eBukhara, lapho amasonto ambalwa libuyiselwe umjikelezo zokukhiqiza, igxile okukhipha front.

Nge ushintsho isimo ngaso ngaphambili kwaba sobala ukuthi ngebhayisikili laseKharkov isitshalo ebuyiselwa Ukraine. Ekwindla ka-1944 ke waqala inqubo kabusha ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi, emuva lé ngawo ekuqaleni konyaka ozayo, inkampani kabusha esungulwe ukukhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe ngezinjongo ezempi. Ngo-June 1945, lesi sitshalo waqala ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo sokuya empini - emabhayisikili.

yokutakula

Iminyaka post-yimpi alethwe inkampani ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha. Imikhiqizo ye-laseKharkov ibhayisikili ifektri ziphoqa wonke i-USSR. Ngo-1948 umugqa sabekwa ukwenziwa abesifazane futhi onobuhle zezingane. On amasampula entsha ye nabasebenzi design bureau zalesi sihlahla: onjiniyela abanamakhono futhi ochwepheshe. Ngokusho izinhlelo, lesi sitshalo kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi kwadingeka ukukhiqiza amayunithi 350,000 ngonyaka.

Inkampani wakhula, izitolo ezintsha kuye kwavela, kukhuphuke abasebenzi. On ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza ngo-1948 inkampani kwabelwe ruble ezigidini ezintathu. Ingxenye yalo imali yayimayelana ukwakhiwa kwezindlu izisebenzi. Le nkampani usebenza amashifu amathathu. Ngo-1949 umfundisi imodeli yasungulwa ezemidlalo ibhayisikili B-31 ngezinga elifanayo, kamuva ethuthukisiwe ukuze ngesivinini ezimbili.

Amabhayisikili laseKharkov ibhayisikili ifektri ngo-1950, yena waba nengxenye imincintiswano international, hhayi ivumele izimfanelo lobuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi analogue angaphandle. Ngo-1948 waqala ukwanda kwezindawo ukukhiqizwa futhi kabusha inkampani. Kwakuwusuku ukukhiqizwa ngenhla uhlelo nezinto ezidingekayo amayunithi 10.340.

ukunakwa okuningi sakhokhwa sphere nomphakathi. Kanye ukunwetshwa ifektri ukwakha izindlu, zomphakathi - canteens, ukuzilibazisa izikhungo, imitapo, amakilabhu zezingane usuqalile ukusebenza lokusungula futhi amaqembu ezemidlalo.

Sukuma ukuhlelwa kabusha

Maphakathi nawo-seventies esitshalweni ukhiqiza ezibanzi imikhiqizo, kuhlanganise ezemidlalo, izingane, ezokuvakasha, kanye nezinye onobuhle. Okuphuma Imininingwane safinyelela emabhayisikili ayizinkulungwane 800 ngonyaka. Hvz wayewukuphela inkampani ezikhethekile kuleli zwe lapho udaba kwalwiwa legkodorozhnyh kanye nezemidlalo amabhayisikili ekilasini okusezingeni eliphezulu nekhwalithi.

Ngo-1979, ngesikhathi i- Olympic Games in eMoscow, ngaleso laseKharkov ibhayisikili ifektri sisungule imodeli ehlukile leyo minyaka emabhayisikili ezemidlalo - "Moscow-80" kanye NW "umgwaqo omkhulu Champion". ezemidlalo ibhayisikili Uhlaka zenziwa carbon fiber futhi une-isixazululo bomklamo. Ngeshwa, amamodeli kwakungafanele ngomumo ngokuphelele ama-Olympics, kanti iphrojekthi engakaze athuthukile.

Ngo-1983, umugqa inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-Kharkiv Motovelo waya imoto 23-sesigidi. Ukuqala nineties nezindawo zawo kuzozonke izingxenye zokukhiqiza ilethe ikhefu-up ubudlelwane kwezomnotho kanye yokwehla okukhiphayo. Hvz isimo sezimali lase kakhulu baqede ihlandla labo. Ngo-1991, CHPTF inkampani "UCI" sekuyinkinga shareholder ezinkulu laseKharkov ibhayisikili endaweni yokukhanda.

Kusukela ngo-2001, amandla ukukhiqizwa bakhiwe, wandisa ulayini ibhayisikili onobuhle. Ingxenye ukukhiqizwa ikhiqizwa ngaphansi "Amanzi" lokuhweba. Namuhla, le nkampani yenza nomthengisi amanethiwekhi e-Ukraine futhi eRussia.

imikhiqizo

Amabhayisikili hvz (laseKharkov ibhayisikili ifektri) lavuselelwa enkulu kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union. onobuhle Abaningi baye baba edume, idume ngomtapo ikhwalithi kalula ukulungisa. Boys kulo lonke izwe ukufunda ukugibela kanye inkositini amakhono obunjiniyela amabhayisikili "Ukraine".

Ethandwa kakhulu imodeli hvz:

• "Ukraine". Luhlelo lolukhulu lwa kakhulu ibhayisikili brand, lithole inombolo enkulu kokushintshwa. amasampula Classic zazenziwa samuntu iduna nensikazi, futhi ngokulinganayo kwahamba kahle ku asphalt nasemigwaqweni ewubhuqu. Model "Ukraine lux» iyahluka kwenye classical khona nezinsimbi aluminium ingxubevange. Comfort inikeza induku ende travel, inhlangano ukuthutha kanye phambi ukubopha. Imodeli ikhiqizwa ngenqubo evamile ibha phezulu bese ngihlaliswa, it unikezwa nge ivulekile umthwalo gumbi enezinto enwetshiwe futhi footrest.
• "Izivakashi". Futhi imodeli edume of libhayisikili. Kusukela "Ukraine" ezahlukene lite isisindo, amathayi emincane futhi ngesivinini ezine akukhetheki. Hand ukubopha ekucushweni oluyisisekelo has actuators ezingemuva futhi front. Ngo yesimanje ngesivinini onobuhle Uhlaka ezenziwe ngensimbi ukwakhiwa - ashiselwe. izingxenye ezisele ibhayisikili oluqanjwe Ventura. wentengo liphansi, kanye namakhophi nokwethenjelwa idlula imodeli eziningi owaziwa.
• "Izivakashi Qala-onguthelawayeka" - eyenzelwe ochwepheshe, kodwa kulula ukuba bafunde futhi nayizimfundamakhwela. Isici esivelele sesimiso imodeli kwaba isisindo encane Uhlaka ezenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, 2.2 khilogremu kuphela. I ibhayisikili kwaba ifakwe amagiya amabili isondo langemuva, lezinhlanu phambi. Induduzo nokuphepha enikeziwe caliper Brake, Uhlaka esihlalweni futhi isinyathelo nakakhulu.
• "Ezemidlalo". Uhamba ngebhayisikili mass ezahlukene ingqikithi 14.5 kg, lensimbi phambi uhlelo imfoloko omoya eziyisishiyagalombili nesondo zangaphandle. Imodeli yadalwa ngezinsuku iminyaka engu-70 futhi waba zithandwa kakhulu abasubathi amateur.
• "Qopha" - Track imodeli, enesisindo 8.5 kg bamabhayisikili abaphambili okhokhelwayo.
• "Sputnik" - umfuziselo ibhayisikili, izivakashi asebenzayo ozithandayo. Senzelwe ngebhayisikili eside emzini, futhi emigwaqweni ewubhuqu. Libhekene induduzo anda nomthelela ukumelana.

Eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu-130 ukuthuthukisa laseKharkov ibhayisikili endaweni yokukhanda. Inkampani igcine ibhizinisi namuhla ingatholwa kwezinye imizi Ukraine. Izindleko zabasebenzisi Ukrainian iqala kusukela 2400 hryvnia.

Lalidume izinga imikhiqizo laseKharkov ibhayisikili endaweni yokukhanda. Amanani Russia esigabeni samanje akhiwa nabathengisi yangasese. Abakwazi ukuthenga ibhayisikili ngentengo ruble 10 ayizinkulungwane eziyinkulungwane 45. Inkampani aqhubeka ukufuna amathuba okwandisa inethiwekhi nokuvulwa ezitolo uphawu eRussia.

Isimo esiphuthumayo ngesikhathi isitshalo

Emlandweni engenzeki hvz ashisiwe kabili - ngo-2009 nango-2017. Ngo-March 2009, umlilo likhungethwe 150 square metres. amamitha isikhala phansi, zishe ngokuphelele omunye izitolo. Umlilo iphutha phakathi kosuku, akuzange kuthinteke. Imbangela ephelelwe yisikhathi izintambo zikagesi liye labizwa ngokuthi isimo esiyingozi. Kulesi isimo esiphuthumayo uye wahlupheka paintshop laseKharkov ibhayisikili endaweni yokukhanda. Umlilo ucime inkonzo Ministry of Izimo Eziphuthumayo ye-Ukraine.

Lesi sigameko umlilo yesibili iphutha Mashi 30, 2017. Ngesikhathi isitshalo ishile esinezitezi ezintathu inhlangano ihholo. Ochwepheshe, owafika ukucisha, wanikezwa yesibili ezingeni umlilo ingozi. Kusukela i-carbon monoxide poisoning wahlupheka omunye izakhamuzi Kharkiv.

ikheli

Inkampani izinze at - Udizili Street, Ukwakha 3/5.

Plant laseKharkov isendaweni Moskovsky Prospect e isakhiwo 118.

I ibhizinisi, ngaphezu imikhiqizo main kukhicite ububanzi enkulu ezidayiswayo - edonswa ngezandla, nezibhulo, izingxenye ezisele for amabhayisikili.

At the site ungathenga emabhayisikili laseKharkov ibhayisikili ifektri: esitolo inkampani itholakala eduze ekuqhutshweni main.