Kwezinye izindawo uhlalwe izinto eziphilayo owumphumela?

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ezakhamuzi zokuqala ezahlala umhlaba la magciwane: Archaea namagciwane. Naphezu kwaqala lasendulo, zitholakale lapho muva nje, ngokusungulwa kwesibonakhulu, kokukhulisa optical lezinto ngesibonakhulu (A. Leeuwenhoek). silwanyana Unicellular kuhlanganisa, ngokulandelana, kusukela kuseli eyodwa, ngokungafani kuya ezinamangqamuzana amaningi. isakhiwo esinjalo elula has amagciwane amaningi, amanye isikhunta ulwelwe. Ngakho, kulesi sigaba - unsystematic, ehlanganisa abamele eziningana AmaKhosi yasendle.

Prokaryotes futhi eukaryotes

Eyokuqala alinayo ngokucacile kuthathwe bobunjwa ekhatsi kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana nezinye izindikimba, ezifana zenuzi imvilophi ulwelwesi kanye organelles. Bavele emhlabeni ezikhathini zasendulo, kuthiwa iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane zezigidi ezintathu. Okwesibili - lubonakaliswa nucleus futhi protoplasm esitokisini. Ngokusho umbono, bona sikhona kakade eminyakeni eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule. Nge zonke eziphilayo ngaphandle bacterium archaea - yenuzi (eukaryotic).

ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo unicellular

Laba bameleli be eziningi kakhulu eziphilayo unicellular - bacterium archaea. On umbuzo ukuthi bahlala kuphi, impendulo ilula: yonke indawo! Ezibalulekile alawa magciwane kuya medium (noma - substrate) wayesifanele ukuphila. Futhi okubaluleke - khona umswakama ngokwanele, amanzi ukutholakala. By endleleni, uma izimo ezingezinhle - akunankinga: eziningi leli gciwane yakha ezinhlamvu okuyizinto indlela eyisipesheli khona, "okusemathinini." Kwezinye izindawo owakhiwe ngemagciwane owumphumela? Isibhakabhaka enhlabathini, emanzini, nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Cabanga imininingwane.

Enhlabathini

Uma sikhuluma ezindaweni zomphakathi uhlalwe owumphumela, inhlabathi ziqukethe inani elikhulu. I humus, chernozem nezinye nenhlabathi ukuthi kukhona substrate evumayo, kukhona eliphezulu imisebenzi ebalulekile: umsoco, ethile ketshezi. Kukhona futhi akukho elangeni, kodwa izinga lokushisa ukhululekile, okuyinto kuvumela owumphumela vuma ekhona futhi ande. Iningi la magciwane ukwenza uguqule umsebenzi eziphilayo efile, noqhekeko yabo ibe izingxenye zayo abamelwe - izakhi trace kanye compounds. (Okuthiwa ama-bacterium adla izinsalela) Saprophagous zinengxenye ekwakhekeni humus evundile. Nokho, phakathi nama-bacterium awusizo futhi Amagciwane abakhona. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-ejenti ngqi futhi botulism, okungase angangena emzimbeni womuntu ngenxa yokulimala ehlukahlukene isikhumba.

Ngo amanzi

Ekhuluma ezindaweni zomphakathi owakhiwe ngemagciwane owumphumela, ingasaphathwa komkhathi lamanzi esehlanganise eziningi endaweni yonke iplanethi ewuMhlaba. Lapha ayagezwa enhlabathini ikakhulu. Ngakho, emanzini, ikakhulukazi emi, kanye emhlabathini, kungase kube izigidi zama-bacterium (a amagremu ambalwa ketshezi). Umphakathi kuqedile futhi ngaphandle unicellular ezinonya. Phakathi kwabo - the causative ejenti ye typhoid, isifo sohudo, ikholera nezinye izifo ezingathi sína ukuba abantu.

Emoyeni

Lapha abameleli unicellular akuzona eziningi kangaka, kodwa kungenye into ehluke ngokwanele. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo idluliselwe ngokuyinhloko amaconsi sisemoyeni. Ngo emoyeni, lezi ukuwa unicellular nge uthuli micro-amathonsi amanzi akhuphukayo umoya. Ososayensi baye bathola ukuthi gciwane "sifinyelele emaphethelweni" ngendlela efanayo ukuze imingcele ozungeze umhlaba. Bad ezinye unicellular futhi uzizwe e vacuo, ukwakha Lifeforms okusemathinini - ezinhlamvu.

On isikhumba ngaphakathi kithi

Enye ezindaweni zomphakathi uhlalwe izinto eziphilayo owumphumela? Sisindvo igciwane likhona phezu kwesikhumba womuntu, kwezinye izindawo zayo: emakhwapheni, ukuxhuma, nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ngaphakathi isakhamuzi isilinganiso "elemiphefumulo" cishe izingxenye ezintathu khilogremu bukhoma isisindo amagciwane. Ibutho elikhulu eziphilayo (ngokuya ambalwa - izigidigidi), okuyinto akunakugwenywa. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu nomakhelwane friendly, ukwakha microflora umuntu enempilo. Kodwa kukhona ezinye Amagciwane ezingalimaza omkhulu, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.