Kuyini i-distillate? Ikholomu yokusabalalisa

Iningi lethu kungenzeka ukuthi lizwile ngamanzi a-distilled noma lahlukanisa okungenani kanye kuphela ekuphileni kwethu. Eqinisweni, kungamanzi nje ahlanzekile kakhulu, asetshenziselwa umshini wamakhemikhali kanye nemithi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya ukuthi yini ehlukanisa zonke izici zokukhiqiza, izakhiwo kanye nokusebenza okusebenzayo. Futhi sizoqala, mhlawumbe, ngomlando wezindlela zokuhlanza njengemithombo ebalulekile neyandekayo eMhlabeni njengamanzi.

Umlando

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isintu, ukukhiqiza inani elikhulayo lempahla, kwandisa ivolumu yenkunkuma okhiqizwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Yiqiniso, indlela ethandwa kakhulu yokubuyisela kabusha izinto eziyingozi ezitholakalayo kwakuwukungcwaba ngaphansi komhlaba, noma ukukhululwa emagodini. Eqinisweni, ngisho nangemva kokuthi "ukucwatshwa" kwemfucuza kunethuba elikhulu ukuthi abanye babo bangene emanzini ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngentuthuko yale mboni, izinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi zathuthukisiwe, futhi lokhu kwakudingeka ukuba kube khona ukuphila okuphephile kwabantu. Izindlela zokuqala zokuhlanza nokuthola amanzi ahlanzekile cishe zenziwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili ezedlule, lapho abantu bebilisiwe noma bahlanza amanzi ngehlabathi elingenamanzi. Inhloso yalezi zenzo kwakungenza amanzi agubhe.

Kodwa-ke, manje kunezindlela eziphambili zokuhlanza, futhi ngokuyisisekelo aziklanyelwe ukuphuza amanzi. Iqiniso liwukuthi amanzi amaningi ahlanzekile ayingozi emzimbeni. Awuqukethe usawoti ocibilikile, ngakho-ke ama-salts omzimba ahlakazeka kuwo futhi agxiliwe emcinini. Futhi ukuhlanza ama-salts akuthembisi okuhle ngoba basiza ngezinqubo eziningi ezibalulekile emzimbeni womuntu, kuhlanganise nokusebenza kwamaseli omzimba (ipompodi ye-potassium-sodium).

Kuyini i-distillate?

I-distillate yilezi zinhlobo zamanzi aphezulu, okutholakala ngama-distillation ku-apparatus ekhethekile-i-distiller. Ukuze kuhlukaniswe phakathi kwamadigri okuhlanzwa kwamanzi, umqondo we-bi-distillate, okushoyo, i-distillate eye yathola enye inqubo yokucubungula izidakamizwa, iphindwe futhi.

Ingabe ukulungiswa noma ukuchitheka okufanayo? Cha, kufanele bahlukaniswe. Zihlukile endleleni yokuhlanzwa: i-distillate ihlanzwa nge-distillation, futhi i-rectificate, njengoba ingaqondwa egameni layo, ngokulungiswa (lokhu kuyindlela yokuhlukaniswa kwemixube ngenxa yokushintshaniswa kwe-countercurrent of mass and energy thermal). Ukulungiswa, njengomthetho, kusetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izingxube zamanzi ahlukahlukene. Ivumela ukuthola izingxenye zenhlanganisela yokuqala ngokuhlukile ngendlela ehlanzekile. Kodwa ngamanzi ngokuvamile kuvamile. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanza imithombo ebaluleke kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-distillation isetshenziswa. Ikuvumela ukuba uhlanze amanzi avela kuma-ion amaningi, kanye nokungcola okukhona ngokungenakuphika kuwo.

Futhi, amanzi ase-de-ionized akhululwa. Ihluke ekukhuculeni ngoba cishe ayinayo into ekubunjweni kwayo. Kungashiwo ukuthi leli yiwona manzi ahlanzekile kakhulu emhlabeni. Isetshenziselwa kuphela ukuhlolwa, ngoba umuntu onjalo amanzi ayingozi (futhi, ngendlela, ayinambitheki ngokuphelele). Emanzini afakwe i-ionized, futhi, kunendlela ehlukile yokukuthola, ehlukile kwabanye, kodwa okuningi kulokhu kamuva.

Uphi i-distillate yamanzi asetshenzisiwe?

Sifike komunye wembuzo ethandekayo kakhulu. Uma lamanzi awakwazi ukudakwa, yini ongayenza ngayo, ucela. Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, amanzi ase-distilled asetshenziselwa izinhloso zesayensi kuphela. Ngesizo salo sakha abezindaba ekuphenduleni ngoba ngisho nokuhlushwa okuncane kwanoma yikuphi ukungcola kungaphazamisa ukusabela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-distillate iphelele ekuhlanzeni izindawo zensimbi. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ngokuthululela ensimbi ngoba akubanga imbangela.

I-rectifier noma i-distillate nayo isetshenziselwa izidakamizwa ukulungiselela izixazululo zokuphatha ngomlomo. I-distillate, ngendlela, isetshenziselwa ukwenza olunye utshwala - i-grappa.

Ukuthola amanzi acwecwe

Kuyini i-distillate, sesivele sichithwe. Futhi manje ake siqhubeke nezindlela zokuthola lamanzi aphezulu. Ngokuvamile, i-distiller elula iqukethe izingxenye eziningana: isakhi sokushisa, isitsha esinamanzi ahlanzekile, isiqandisisi, futhi, empeleni, isitsha lapho i-distillate ephumela khona izobuthelwa khona. Lapho amanzi okuqala "angcolile" evutha, kuqhutshwa umusi, okungenayo ukungcola kwama-nanoparticles kanye nosawoti. Ingena esiqandisini, lapho iyanciphisa iphinde iphele emkhathini njengamanzi ahlanzekile. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuthola ama-distillates okukhanya.

Kukhona enye indlela yokuhlanzwa. Ukuze kusetshenziswe, ikholomu ye-distilation isetshenziswa. Eqinisweni, okuyinhloko yenkambiso kuqhubeka okufanayo, kuphela ukushintsha kwezinto zobuchwepheshe. Ikholomu ye-tray ye-distillation isetshenziselwa ikakhulu ukukhiqiza utshwala, noma ngokuqondile, ukuhlanzwa utshwala ekungcoleni. Inzuzo yayo, ngokungafani ne-distiller evamile, ukuthi kuhilela ukuhlanzwa kokuhamba kancane, futhi ngemva kwesinyathelo ngasinye ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo kuphakama. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthululela uketshezi ku-distiller noma i-bi-distiller.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi a-ionized

Okuncane kakhulu ngomunye uhlobo lwamanzi ahlanzekile - a-ionized. Itholakala ngosizo lwama -resin exchange exchange, okungukuthi izinto ezikwazi ukugcina ama-ion amahle noma amahle. Emva kwalokho, amanzi ashiya ahlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka, anqatshelwe ama-proton nama-hydroxide ions. Lisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali. Ukwengeza, amanzi a-ionized anezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo: ukumelana kwawo kagesi kuphakeme kakhulu, ngoba azikho izinyathelo kuwo ezingaba necala lokugesi.

Isiphetho

Sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe inqubo yokuthola amanzi ase-distilled, bi-distilled ne-ionized, futhi sifunde ukuthi yiziphi izidakamizwa. Kunelungelo lokusho ngokubaluleka kwalo mkhiqizo, empeleni umphumela wamanzi okuphuza amanzi. Ngakho-ke, ake sithi nje nakuba ukuhlanza amanzi kubalulekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, akufanelekile ukugoba induku, ngoba kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu empilweni yakho.