Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi izinga lokushintshisana kwe-Central Bank of the Russian Federation, kwi "Forex" futhi MICEX?

Amanani wokuguqulwa njalo esimweni ukuguquguquka, ukuze ugweme izingozi bemvelo ezezimali nezomnotho, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela ukubikezela kanye indlela ochaza kwakhiwa kanjani izinga lokushintshisana is.

Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi kuyi iyasebenza namuhla, njengoba iRussia uzama ukuphuma ukwencika dollar, siphishekele Inqubomgomo ezimele. Ukuze uqonde ezinye kobunzima kule endleleni olunameva, kufanele baqonde indlela kwakheka izinga lokushintshisana is eRussia futhi emhlabeni wonke.

Umlando omncane

Kuze namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu elidlule, emazweni amaningi eziqhutshwa okubizwa ngokuthi standard igolide. Ngokusho kwakhe, lwemali okuqukethwe igolide eyayibekwe. Uhulumeni kwadingeka ukushintsha imali yayo igolide. Ukuze sisekele uhlelo laqanjwa ubuhlobo esiqinile phakathi supply imali kuleli lizwe futhi igolide yayo izinqolobane. Ngokusho okuqukethwe igolide futhi balolonge izifundo zabo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-dollar elilodwa US eyayibekwe amabili nantathu kumakhulukhulu amabili amabili uhlamvu igolide, futhi omunye iphawundi - eziyikhulu namashumi nantathu nokusanhlamvu, okungukuthi, kumakhulukhulu amane iphuzu ayisishiyagalombili nesikhombisa izikhathi ezingaphezu. Ngokusho la izibalo ukucacisa Yiqiniso, lapho umuntu iphawundi zazilingana 4,87 zamaRandi.

igolide kanye exchange angaphandle ohlelweni

Ngemva namathathu banesifo esibi futhi Yokuwohloka Okukhulu eMelika emazweni amaningi usumisiwe igolide kanye uhlelo exchange angaphandle lapho zezimali kuye kwamiswa kakade ngezithukuthuku ubudlelwane kuya lwemali reserve, owawungumnyaka dollar. Ukulondoloza exchange-rate ukuzinza kwasiza usethe ngo-1944, i-International Monetary Fund. Ngeminikelo wama phandle ayeyiboleke States nobunzima zezimali.

Floating exchange rate uhlelo

Kangakanani izinga lokushintshisana? Esikhathini yoma, ukufaka esikhundleni igolide kanye uhlelo exchange angaphandle bafika isimiso elintantayo exchange rate. nencazelo yalo itholakala kumiswa izilinganiso zokushintsha zangaphandle ngenxa ubuhlobo ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo iyona, njengoba izibambiso phezu exchange isitokwe. Nokho, izinga lokushintshisana ayibanga nhlobo. Lapho ufika isimo esithile umkhawulo kwadingeka silinganiso (njengoba kusukela ngo-1979 e-Europe), kanye nase-Central Bank of lizwe, wokuxhumanisa izenzo zabo namanye amazwe, Yiqiniso washintsha ngokusemthethweni. Uma ushintsho kwakufanele wehlise ke ukwazisa nokukhuphula - the ukwehla. Umkhawulo kufinyelelwe lapho izinguquko amaphesenti ambalwa, kodwa nineties, lenyuka ngamaphesenti angu-nanhlanu.

Revaluation futhi ukwehla akuzona kuphela indlela yokungenelela isimo inqubo echaza kwakhiwa kanjani izinga lokushintshisana is. Ukuze ugweme iyehla iyenyuka eqinile zingena okubizwa ngokuthi lwemali ukungenelela, lapho, uma izinga lokushintshisana uwela bathenga, kodwa uma okuphambene - ukuthengisa.

Mshini asiphumeleli njalo, njengoba abanikazi lwemali kazwelonke phesheya awekho ngaphansi imiyalelo ohulumeni bazo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma US evusa loan, inani lenzalo amayunithi yemali ngaphandle kwe-US lamahubo lilingana, okubenza babe bahle ngokwengeziwe.

izici Jikelele ezinomthelela kumiswa izinga lokushintshisana

Kangakanani izinga lokushintshisana kwi-stock exchange, amabhange kanye nesimo iyonke.

1. Ezithumela kwamanye amazwe. Amanani aphezulu uma eqhathaniswa ngelezizwe, aba maningi azongeniswa. Ngakho, intengo zezimali angaphandle lizophakama.

   Nge ukukhula imali kuzokhulisa ukufunwa ukungena, ibangela ukwehla kwentengo lwemali kazwelonke.

   Ngakolunye uhlangothi, intengo kwezilwandle izimali zakwamanye amazwe kuyehla ngesikhathi ingeniso kazwelonke okusezingeni eliphezulu.

2. ukunyakaza capital. Uma wayefisa, zimali uzothola isamba enkulu angaphandle imali, imali, amasheya, amabhondi nezibopho ngoba izimali zakwamanye amazwe amanani ukwenyuka.

   Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkokhelo ngaphezu kwanoma imuphi umbuso baqinise izinga lokushintshisana lwemali yayo.

3. Idatha okukhiphayo nedatha okukhipha sokulinda. Le datha kuhlanganisa: ukushicilelwa emazweni abakuwo, izinkomba zomnotho, izitatimende izinguquko zenzalo, main izinkomba kwezomnotho nokuningi.

4. Umsebenzi. A amandla omkhulu ukuhamba lwemali exchange rate, iSikhwama ukusebenza uma sitshala imali zezimali ezithile. Sinenkosi izinsiza ezinkulu, bakwazi ukwenza izifundo ukuphendukela kunoma iluphi uhlangothi.

5. Imisebenzi yabo emazweni angaphandle kanye abangenisa. Ziyakwazi lwemali abasebenzisi emakethe abanesifiso ukudayiswa kanye ukuthengwa izimali zakwamanye amazwe. Nokho, umthelela kuba kubi yesikhashana, ngoba ivolumu ukuhweba yabo ukuthengiselana negligibly lincane uma liqhathaniswa umthamo isamba ukuthengiselana emakethe exchange angaphandle.

6. Izitatimende osopolitiki. Emihlanganweni ahlukahlukene, eneziqongo, cindezela izingqungquthela nokunye kuthiwa ziqashwe amazwi anjengokuthi on-line, bese emakethe lwemali ngokushesha iyaphendula emandleni izitatimende.

   Wonke umuntu uyakhumbula ekupheleni 2014, lapho uMongameli Russian V. Putin nge yakhe eyodwa ukusebenza kweso uzinzo ruble ( "ekhuluma ngesilinganiso '), ngaleyondlela ephumula ukwehla kwakhe ngokushesha.

7. yasebhange Central. Mshini yemiphumela yayo kuchaziwe ngezansi.

central yasebhange

Cabanga kwakhiwa indlela exchange rate of the Central Bank.

ithonya State emakethe lwemali ngokusebenzisa amabhange amakhulu. Njengoba sekushiwo, kuba yinto engavamile kakhulu lapho State akangenelanga imisebenzi exchange angaphandle (isimo khulula Floating). Njengomthetho, ngezinye izikhathi ezithinta inkambo (isimo ukubhukuda ezingcolile), ngaleyo ndlela eziphatha ngendlela kwakhiwa Central Bank exchange rate is.

Esikhathini isithakazelo ukukhiqizwa futhi ukusetshenziswa isimo afeze isiqondiso nenkhulumombiko. isiqondiso ngqo kwenzeka at isaphulelo kanye nenqubomgomo exchange ukungenelela. isiqondiso ongaqondile nge emali, lemali zemali in kwegazi nokuningi.

CBR

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakhiwa kanjani it is by izinga lokushintshisana kwe-CBR.

Daily ngaphandle ngezimpelasonto, Central Bank usetha amazinga zezimali kunazo ngokumelene ruble. I dollar ngokumelene ruble kunqunywa esekelwe indlela amabhidi yayiqhutshwa bangaphambi eMoscow Interbank Currency Exchange. Kungokufanayo-euro. Okunye zezimali akhiwa cross-rates, okusho lihlela isilinganiso phakathi kwama-ruble nezinye zezimali, esekelwe ubuhlobo dollar.

Eqinisweni, indlela exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, sithinta kanye nokuthekelisa namazwe angaphandle. Uma izimpahla ngaphezulu zidayiswa kuka wathenga, kuyoba ngcono ukuthi lwemali kazwelonke elalinamandla lawa, futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Ibhange emaphakathi usetha inkambo engaphezu kuka amathathu izinhlobo zezimali. Lokhu dollar, i-euro, i-yuan, le franc Swiss, yen, hryvnia, nabanye.

Kusukela ngo-2005, Central Bank iyiswe kubhasikidi dollar-euro. Kuthathwa ngokuthi ngaleyo ndlela nokufeza isilawuli enetjhuguluko yaqaphela simo esishubile ukukhula. Ukukala ibalwa kusukela isilinganiso Forex emakethe lwemali pair euro-dollar phezu MICEX ruble izingcaphuno ngokumelene euro.

amabhange

Kangakanani izinga lokushintshisana ngaleso amabhange? Amanye amabhange Unelungelo usethe amazinga abo. Bona ngokuyisisekelo ukunikela ukuthenga lwemali ngezindleko eziphansi, futhi adayise - ngaphezu intengo ezihlinzekwa Central Bank.

MICEX

Kangakanani izinga lokushintshisana ku MICEX - futhi Umbuzo othakazelisayo.

Ukuhweba exchange angaphandle kwi eMoscow Interbank Currency Exchange kulawulwa Central Bank, esizolokhu imisebenzi yayo ngesisekelo umthetho federal ku kwempahla yomphakathi, umthetho kahulumeni lwemali nemithethonqubo kanye nokuphathwa.

Forex

umuntu engenalwazi ikuthola kunzima ukuqonda indlela kwakheka izinga lokushintshisana is on the Forex.

Intengo Forex ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele kunqunywa emzabalazweni abathengi (noma izinkunzi) kanye nabathengisi (noma amabhele). Abantu angakwazi ukuthonya isimo kule makethe. Kuphela-International Monetary Fund ne-amabhange amakhulu bangathonya Dynamics amanani, futhi kuba kuphela esikhathini esifushane.

Regularities ezichaza kwakhiwa kanjani izinga lokushintshisana lapha ngendlela elandelayo:

• Lapho ukufunwa ukwanda lwemali, kanjalo imali yayo, lapho ukufuneka incipha, ngokulandelana, futhi intengo kuyehla.

• Lapho nesidingo esikhulayo lwemali, inani layo uwela, futhi lapho supply incipha, intengo, kunalokho, iyakhula.