Kungani Ukulimaza Okungalungile Kwezindleko Zezimali?

Muva nje, izingcingo eziya ejensi yethu zihlale zivame nombuzo, kungani kusindiswa izimali ezinkulu zebhajethi, lapho usebenzisa uhlelo lokuthengwa kwezwe ngendlela yokunikezwa kwentengo - kuhle?

Eqinisweni, ukutholakala kolwazi oluvulekile kubizwa ngokuthi izibalo nge-oda ye-zeros (i-8-9 billion ngonyaka), igcinwa lapho uhlelo lokuthengwa kwe-elektroniki lusetshenziswa ngendlela yokunciphisa intengo ukunciphisa intengo [1]. Futhi lokhu akunakwenzeka kodwa kubangele injabulo yabantu nokuziqhenya ngokweqile "kumnotho" onjalo.

Ake sibuke okubalulekile kwenkinga ngosizo lwamathuluzi wokuphatha ikhwalithi. Inqubo kanje. Amalungu asebenzayo omphakathi asebenza ngokudala i-value added, aboniswe ngemali. Umphakathi wonke unesithakazelo kulo msebenzi, kodwa uyaqonda ukuthi kusadingeka ukuxhasa izinhlelo zenhlalo (imfundo, imithi) kanye nezindleko ezingenakunqunywa (amasosha, amaphoyisa, izigebengu). Isinqumo senziwa ukuhoxisa ingxenye yemithombo yezezimali kusukela ekuthengeni komphakathi okusebenzayo, ngendlela yezintela, ekubiza ngokuthi ngumgcinimafa wombuso. Ukubeka amalungu omphakathi angabambe iqhaza ekudaleni nanoma yiziphi izimali, ukuphinde abuyele izimali zomgcinimafa kahulumeni ngokuvumelana nombono womphakathi otholwe ekufundeni kokuqala, okhethwe abameleli abathunyelwe emphakathini. Lezi zimali zizohamba ngezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala, lawo malungu omphakathi abakha izinto ezingokwenyama (ezenhlalakahle, ezingokomoya, ezenhlalo, njll) futhi, ngokufanele, babuyele emisebenzini yomphakathi. Okwesibili, lapho ukubuyiswa kungalindelekile khona (ukudubula emhlabathini wokuqeqesha ezempi, "ukudonsa" kwezinye izifundazwe, njll). Kusobala ukuthi umnotho womphakathi unesithakazelo kakhulu ukuthi imali engabonakaliyo, ngokushesha kungenzeka ukuthi ibuyele ekusakazweni (imali yenza imali). Njengoba kunikezwe lokhu, "abakwa-redistributors" bethu abaqashiwe bamemezela ukuthengiswa kwe-elektroniki kwezimpahla namasevisi. Uhlelo lulula - ngubani ozosinika intengo ephansi, uzothola umyalelo. Senza "ukutholakala" - ukubaluleka komkhiqizo (umkhiqizo, insizakalo) kunqunywa yizici ezibonakalayo zomsebenzi ezifakwe kuwo kanye nenzuzo efunayo. Ngakho-ke, uma wehla ngezansi komngcele wekhwalithi yomkhiqizo (kusuka enzuzweni ongayenqaba), uthola: "intengo encane - izinga eliphansi." Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa umthetho we-Comrade Paretto, sithola: I-80% yenani likahulumeni lomkhiqizo ngumkhiqizo onomsoco, 19,85% iyimali yesabelozimali sezimali esamukelekile nesingu-0.15%. Ukusebenzisa izibalo zesabelomali sikaHulumeni seRiphabhlikhi yaseKazakhstan [2], sihumusha la maphesenti sibe yizikhombo:

- Imakethe yokuthengwa kombuso kulinganiselwa ku-5,423 billion KZT.

- Kuthengwe umkhiqizo ophansi wekhwalithi - 4 338 billion KZT.

- izimali ezingasetshenzisiwe - 8 billion billion.

Ngokusho kukaKazinform [3], i -GDP yaseKazakhstan ngo-2011 yayiyi-27 306 billion tenge. Kuvela ukuthi "abakwa-redistributors" basebenzise ngokungenasici 15% yenhlalakahle yethu. Uma sijabule ngokukhula kwe-GDP ngonyaka ka-7.5%, kusobala ukuthi isibalo esingu-15% singumonakalo nje.

Kukhona okunye okungafani. Eqinisweni, uhlelo lokuthengwa kwempahla, ngokunconywa kwentengo encane, luhambisana nesistimu eyodwa yombuso wombuso owodwa wase-Afrika. Okubalulekile ukuthi, noma yimuphi owesifazane ongashadile angafaka isicelo, emzimbeni wombuso ngokukhethwa komyeni wakhe. Umbono omuhle, kodwa umbala owodwa omncane - umyeni wakhe, uqala ukubona embhedeni womshado ngokubhalisa esandleni nokuntuleka okuphelele kokukhethwa kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Ngakho-ke, "ukumangala" kwaloluhlelo lokukhetha umphakeli wemikhiqizo, kwephula isimiso esiyinhloko sokuphathwa kwekhwalithi - ilungelo lokukhetha umthengi. Njengoba kulula, i- "redistributor" ayikwazi ukukhetha umphakeli ngokwakhe, futhi ekugcineni akuyona into ebangela izinga lomkhiqizo othengwe imali yabantu.

Ukuphikisana okuyinhloko ko "obaba" uhlelo olunjalo lokuthengwa kombuso yilokho okulwa nokulwa nenkohlakalo. Kule ndaba, ngine-athikili ehlukile, engayibhala ngemva kokutadisha umzabalazo ongapheli wezinyosi ezinezinyosi. Kodwa-ke, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwale ncwadi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zinkinga ezimbili ezihlobene kakhulu.

Nokho, ake sizame ukuhlanganisa ukucabanga kwethu.

1. Ngokungangabazeki, inqubo yokuthengwa kombuso kufanele yakhiwe ngesisekelo sezimiso eziyisishiyagalombili zokuphathwa kwekhwalithi. Thola umthengi, futhi lokhu, ngendlela, umphakathi, hhayi isisebenzi sikahulumeni. Chaza ukucaciswa okucacile komthwalo wemfanelo yabaphathi kanye nochwepheshe abenza ukuthengwa kwempahla, kunokuba babhekisele kumshini wesofthiwe kanye nekhompiyutha.
2. Sebenza ngezinhloso ezithile. Uma "umshini" unquma wena, kuholela ekudambisweni komuntu, njengomuntu. Uma uthemba inkampani ukulahla izimali zayo, izinga lakho lomphathi wezwe kufanele liphakeme ngokwanele. Kudingekile ukuqeqesha amathuluzi wokuphatha wanamuhla kanye nemibono ephakeme kakhulu yezinceku zomphakathi.
3. Ukwakha izinkomba ezibalulekile zokusebenza kwenqubo yokusebenzisa izimali zebhajethi yombuso, lapho ukuthenga ngokwabo kuyingxenye yale nqubo. Ungasebenzi ngezibalo ezinkulu kakhulu, ngitshele ukuthi ingakanani imali engenayo ngayinye ehlanganisiwe.
4. Ukulondolozwa noma ukwedlulisa imali ngokwezimali, lokhu kuyinkomba yokuhlela okungelona ikhwalithi nokuphathwa kokusebenza. Sesivele sabona lesi siqubulo esithi "uhlelo lweminyaka emihlanu eminyakeni emithathu" - siyazi ukuthi iphelile kanjani. Imithetho ecacile kuphela elawula i-macroeconomics!
5. Impendulo enamandla iyadingeka ukulawula "ukusimama" kwenqubo yokuthengwa kombuso kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwezimali zezimali zesabelomali ngesisekelo sokuqapha umphakathi kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ukuzivivinya nokuzibheka ngokuzenzekelayo sekuyisikhathi eside kubonakalisile ukungcola kwabo. Umnikazi kumele alawule ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezimali zakhe, kulokhu umphakathi kufanele ube ngumphakathi.

Sifundiswa isikhathi eside ukuthi singaphila, kodwa asifundanga indlela yokuphatha impilo yakho. Ake sizame.

I-A.V. I-Banduro

Aviso@aviso.kz

Izinkomba:

1. UTatyana Batischeva, intatheli yezezimali. (Http://www.forbes.kz/blogs/blogsid_49/)
2. Uhulumeni we-elekthronikhi waseRiphabhuliki yaseKazakhstan. Isabelomali sesifundazwe saseRiphabhulikhi yaseKazakhstan kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2012.
3. I-Kazinform. I-Meirambek Baigarin (http://inform.kz/eng/article/2441319)