Kungani ama-gymnosperm athole igama elinjalo: izici ezikhethekile zesakhiwo

Ithekoni ngayinye yezitshalo inezici zayo ezibonakalayo ezihlukanisa nokunye. Ngisiphi isizathu ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubona izimbali bese uzama izithelo zikaphayini? Kungani ama-Gymnosperm afumana leli gama? Ngokufushane futhi ngokucacile ngangokunokwenzeka kule mibuzo esizoyiphendula esihlokweni sethu.

Kungani amaGymnosperms athola leli gama: impendulo

I-Gymnosperms, lezi zitshalo zibizwa ngokuthi yi-botanist odumile u-Andrei Nikolaevich Beketov. Njengoba engumsunguli wezitshalo zezitshalo eRussia, wabhala incwadi yokuqala encwadini yentela. Isici esiyisisekelo salolu gama yiyona into ekhethekile yendawo yembewu. Zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezikhiqizayo ngokuvulekile, "ezingenalutho". Ngokungafani nezitshalo zezimbali, lapho imbewu ivikelekile khona izindonga ze-ovary.

Izici zesakhiwo

Izindlela zokuphila zalezi zitshalo zimelelwa izihlahla noma izihlahla, ngoba ngeziqu zazo izicubu ezifundiswa kamuva zenziwa - i-cambium. I-Gymnosperms ivela ku-spore ephakeme. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokukhulelwa kuwo ayisekelwe emanzini, okuyisici esiqhubekayo sesakhiwo. Amahlamvu we-gymnosperms abizwa ngokuthi izinaliti. Banesimo esifana nesinaliti, esinciphisa indawo lapho amanzi ephuma khona.

Kungani i-Gymnosperms ithola igama elinjalo, isichaza isakhiwo se-ovary ngokwayo. I-scaly, engeke ikwazi ukumboza igciwane emakhazeni nakubomvu.

Zikhona yini izithelo kuma-Gymnosperms?

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-cones yizithelo ze-gymnosperms. Kodwa lo mbono uyiphutha. Iqiniso liwukuthi izithelo zakhiwa kuphela ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kwezimbali. Ezitshalweni abamele lo mnyango, izitho ezinjalo zokuzala azikho. Bamelelwa ngamaconsi wesilisa nabesilisa, lapho i-gametes kuyizakhi zobulili.

Inqubo yokuvota impova e-Gymnosperms ivela ngosizo lomoya. Ngakho-ke kusukela ezigodini zesilisa zesidoda zingena kumsikazi, lapho ukuhlwanyela khona kanye nokwakhiwa kwembewu kwenzeka. Lapho kuvuthwa, izilinganiso ze-cone zivulekile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-18 kuphela. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ungabheka imbewu nge-naked, elele ngqo esikalini. Yingakho gymnosperms enegama elinjalo. Ngakho-ke, ama-cones aguqulwa amahlumela, enza umsebenzi wokukhiqiza ngokocansi.

Ebusika kanye nehlobo ...

Imfihlakalo yezingane mayelana nomuthi kaKhisimusi iyaziwa kuwo wonke umuntu kusukela ebuntwaneni. Iningi lama-gymnosms alichitheli amaqabunga abo ebusika. Kungani? I-Gymnosperms ithole igama elinjalo ngohlobo lwesakhiwo sezitho ezikhiqizayo. Kodwa ikhono labo lokuhlala liluhlaza njalo lihlotshaniswa nemifino: amaqabunga neziqu. Owokuqala, ngenxa yobunjwa bawo kanye nendawo encane, uvikela izitshalo ekuphefumuleni ngokweqile.

Ngesikhathi sasebusika i-stomata ivalwe nge-resin, okwamanje kule nkathi ukuqhuma kuphelile. Ukuvikelwa kugcwaliswa yiqiniso lokuthi izinaliti zihlanganiswe ne-cuticle. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi i-Gymnosperms ayishintshi amahlamvu nhlobo. I-Khvoinki ingaphila iminyaka engama-7, emva kwalokho ifa futhi ishintshwe ngezinguquko. Ukuphela okuwukuphela kwe-larch. Lesi sitshalo sishintsha ingubo yayo yonke inkathi.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Naphezu kwezibonakaliso eziningi ezivamile, kulo mnyango ukuhlukanisa amakilasi amaningana. Eziningi kakhulu kulawa yiConiferous. U-spruce, i-pin, i-fir, i-cypress, i-yew, imisedari, i-larch yibo abameleli bekilasi. Zinegama labo ngohlobo lwamagqabi - izinaliti.

Esiklasini se-Gnetovye kungokwemvelo ye-velvichiya. Lesi sitshalo esinamagatsha amakhulu, sifinyelela amamitha amaningana ubude. Ayikaze awele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-trunk ngokwayo, eseduze cishe ngokuphelele emhlabathini, ayibonakali. I-Velvichiya ikhula ehlane, lapho umoya onamandla uvunguza njalo. Ihlanza amaqabunga, ngakho-ke afana ne-tangle yezinyoka.

Kodwa abamele ekilasini iSagovnikov bangadideka ngesundu somuthi. I-stem yabo ayifuni. Kubonakala ngokuba khona kombono othuthukile kanye nezinkuni ezibuthakathaka. Lapho amaqabunga eSagonnikov ewa, ama-petioles ahlala esiteshini.

Iklasi elilandelayo limelelwa uhlobo olulodwa - i-bilobed ginkgo. Lesi sitshalo sibhekene neChina neJapane. I-Ginkgo ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-30, futhi ububanzi be-trunk buyimithathu futhi bunomqhele osabalalayo. Amaqabunga ayo afana nomshayeli one-notch phakathi. Ehunyushwe kusuka olimini lwesiJapane, igama lesi sitshalo lisho ukuthi "i-duck paws", ehambisana nokuma kwayo. Ekwindla, amaqabunga abe mbala obomvu, bese ewa. Emazweni lapho i-ginkgo ikhula khona, ibhekwa njengezitshalo ezingcwele futhi ivikelwe ngumthetho.

Ngakho-ke, sihlole ukuthi kungani iGymnosperms inegama elinjalo. Isizathu salokhu indawo yendawo ezinkalweni zezitho zokukhiqiza. Awuvikelwe yizindonga ze-ovary futhi alale lapho ehamba ze, evulekile. Isici sici lezi zitshalo ukungabi khona kwezimbali nezithelo, izitsha ezinkuni. Ukuvota kuvela eGymnosperms ngosizo lomoya, futhi amaqabunga abizwa ngokuthi izinaliti.