Kule ndawo ye polar bear. Lapho amabhere?

polar bear noma polar nguye kuphela okuyinto libhekwa emazweni amaningi (US, Norway, Greenland kanye Russia) njengoba njengezilwane zasolwandle. Ukukhethwa kuyinto Canada, okuyinto manje libabiza i polar bear ukuze ezincelisayo eliwumhlaba. amabhere ziphezulu eziwukudla e-Arctic, lapho zidla khona ikakhulu lwezimpawu.

Bobani amabhere?

Ngokusho yakamuva Ngokusho ucwaningo oluningana, okhokho amabhere wasendulo Ibhere elinsundu. umsuka wabo sihlehlela emuva ngesikhathi seminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-350 eziyinkulungwane 6 million edlule. Ngokungafani nabazala zabo brown ezihlala ezweni, amabhere kuthiwa ngokuphelele bazivumelanisa ukuze ikwazi ukuziphilisa ngesikhathi kwezilwandle Arctic eNyakatho Ekude. Kukhona imiphakathi ezahlukene namabhere. Kukhona 19 izinhlobo subpopulations ezahlukene namabhere. Ngokocwaningo lwamuva ngaphezulu, kunamaqembu amane ayinhloko. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa ithatha njengoba isisekelo yayo endaweni ekhethekile lapho amabhere: ice etshiyeneyo, ice convergent, ice ezithile zonyaka futhi archipelagos.

polar bear - iyona isihlobo abakhulu le Ibhere elinsundu. Ngokuvamile amaduna asekhulile nesisindo kusuka khilogremu 350 kuya kwangu-600. amaxhukazi ezincane - ngokuvamile isisindo kwazo kuvela khilogremu 150 kuya 295. amabhere abhekwa isikhathi eside. Endle, bahlala okuyisilinganiso seminyaka engu-15 kuya ku-18, nakuba izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo waloba ezinye abaneminyaka engu-30. In ekuthunjweni, amanye amabhere eside waphila ukufinyelela engu-40 ubudala. Isibonelo esimangalisayo kulesi Simila ekuthunjweni Medved Debbi waseCanada, owayehlala iminyaka engu-42.

Baphi amabhere?

Kule ndawo ye polar bear - kuyinto yayo yemvelo, lapho ungakwazi ukuzingela ukudla kwazo, nande, ngokwakha iqhwa zinemiphandu ngoba ubuthongo basebusika futhi ziyawavikela amazinyane azo. amabhere batholakala kulo lonke leli Arctic. Zivame ukuphila ezindaweni lapho labantu uphawu ringed kutholakala. Kule ndawo ye polar bear ihlanganisa wonke Arctic circumpolar.

Lezi zilwane ezinkulu ziye ingashintshwa ukuze siphile emanzini futhi liqhube imisebenzi yezolimo. Ngokungafani nezinye amabhere, le polar bear kuyinto umbhukudi kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungabonakala amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-160 ezweni noma iqhwa. Okwamanje, amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-40 abo bonke amabhere siphile yeCanada, phezu eqhweni ogwini lwasenyakatho-iziqhingi eziningi.

Usongo yokuqothulwa

amabhere abhekwa zinhlobo ngempela sengozini ngokuya yokuqothulwa. ERussia, izilwane ezisohlwini Red Book, okubandakanya izilwane ezingavamile noma ezisengozini. E-US, i-ibhere elimhlophe njengendlela zilwane ezisengozini efakwe ohlwini "zezilwane ezisengcupheni". Canada ukholelwa ukuthi adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile e zilwane kazwelonke ezisengozini. Izinto zokuvikela isilwane kuthathwe ezingeni zomthetho.

Izizathu yokukhathazeka ukuphela kwendawo yawo yokuhlala ngenxa yalokhu kuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ososayensi babikezela ukuthi ngenxa ukuncibilika kakhulu iqhwa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu isibalo lembulunga yonke elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo amabhere inganyamalala kuleli khulu leminyaka. Lolu cwaningo futhi libonisa ukuthi kukhona namanje fixable, uma esikhathini esizayo esiseduze iyothathwa kakhulu ukwehlisa ukukhishwa kogesi wendlwana. Indawo lapho amabhere Angabi ezingcolile ngenxa ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano Arctic.

amabhere: olwenzeka endaweni

Bears aguqulelwe sezulu arctic, lapho izinga lokushisa sasebusika ziyethe ukuba -45º C. Lezi zilwane baye baphawula noboya ungqimba ezimbili, okubasiza ukuba uzitholele ukushisa komzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhathi ezinhle nazo babe ungqimba obukhulu amafutha. Compact izindlebe amancane umsila futhi ukuvimbela nokushisa. Eqinisweni, amabhere babe nezinkinga nge okweqile kuka ngenxa yamakhaza, ikakhulukazi lapho egijima. Hunt kuyabasiza umuzwa omkhulu zokuhogela futhi izinselo zazo ungagcina ukukhiqizwa ku 40-90 kg.

Beka polar bear in eziwukudla

Habitat lezi izilwane ezidla ezinye ubuka kukhona ehlane Arctic. White Bear phezulu e-Arctic eziwukudla. Ngakho ibhalansi yemvelo abayifunayo ukuze kuvinjelwe olwenzeka endaweni yokugcwala. Lapho i bear omdala isesimweni, ezakhiwe fat umzimba izitolo alondolozwa phakathi ukudla.

Iveza ekuzingeleni ringed seal, izimvu zamanzi darnel, baleen imikhomo. Lezi zilwane mhlophe futhi Fluffy kukhona ababhukudi esihle: basebenzisa ngezidladla zabo phambi like Izigwedlo ngenkathi ngemilenze yangemuva abe iphini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baba nomuzwa emangalisayo yokuhogela: yimpango yabo, bakwazi ukuba useyanuka, at ibanga ikhilomitha elilodwa.

yesizukulwane

Kuye isimo umzimba, insikazi ngokuvamile enza futhi ukukhanya lamawundlu amabili noma amathathu njalo eminyakeni 4-6. Kule ndaba, le amabhere ungomunye okulengayo umjikelezo nekutala nemvelo, ngokuletha inzalo, izikhathi ngokuvamile akukho lengca kulasihlanu elingapheli nalapho sezikhulile. Kule ndawo ye polar bear kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe indawo ekahle yokufihla ikhanda ngoba ngokuzala amankonyane. Amawundlu bazalwa ngo-November noma ngo-December e iqhwa emigedeni, ngokuthi womama zinemiphandu.

Ekuzalweni kwakhe, izingane ibukeke amagundane elikhulu elimhlophe okuyizinto ezingenawo ukufinyelela ubude 30-35 cm futhi inesisindo nje kwengxenye kilogram. Abayizimpumputhe, nezisini futhi wambozwa esifushane, noboya soft, bancike ngokuphelele nonina etholakele imfudumalo yakhe nokudla. Young zikhule ngokushesha impela sibonga ubisi okunama-kilojoule amaningi onina, okuqukethwe kabani amafutha imayelana 31%. amabhere Little ahlale nonina kuze kweminyaka eyi 2.5.

izici kwendawo yemvelo

Kule ndawo ye polar bear ingahluka, njengoba izilwane ungenza Ukuthuthwa eside ezweni namanzi kanye emikhawulweni ezwekazini neziqhingi. Abanye abantu bachithe isikhathi esiningi sonyaka ezweni. nabesifazane abaningi abakhulelwe bachitha ekwindla nasebusika emhlabathini womama yabo zinemiphandu.

Amazinga air isilinganiso Arctic ifinyelela -34 ° C ebusika nehlobo 0 ° C. Le ndawo enomoya ebusika ingxenye esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yeSiberia, lapho izinga lokushisa is sehliselwe -69 ° C. izindawo olufudumele ehlobo kubhekwe maphakathi nezwe endaweni eSiberia, e-Alaska naseCanada, lapho izinga lokushisa bengase bazikhandlele + 32 ° C.

Polar uthela olwenzeka endaweni olungena on ezisenyakatho polar, luvamise emifanekisweni e eqanjiwe okuthandwayo kanye nezincwadi zezingane, kanye penguins. Nokho, bahlala ezigxotsheni ezahlukene. amabhere khona abaphili isikhathi e-Antarctica: penguins baphile khona lapha kwizwekazi lase-ice-embozwe sizungezwe izilwandle polar bear ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo - iyona Arctic.

Laba yibo, lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo - namabhere.