Krenkel Ernst Teodorovich - Soviet wamazwe polar, opharetha umsakazo: Biography, umndeni

Othile usanda kungenzeka Heroes zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Mibuthano ukuhlangabezana abalobi, abaculi, abaqavile emphakathini, othisha. Krenkel Ernst Teodorovich nawo uyahlanganyela ezinhlwini zabo njengoba omunye engcono polar umsakazo opharetha.

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Krenkel Ernst Teodorovich - Soviet umsakazo opharetha, begodu bazibandakanya mikhankaso eziningi polar e-Arctic, wazalwa ngo-December 24, ngo-1903 emzini Bialystok. Khona-ke le nsimu ingeyamakhosi Empire isiRashiya, kodwa namhlanje Poland. Njengoba abameleli nezazi zokusebenza nokuba imali ehloniphekile, u-Ernst umndeni uye wenza konke angakwenza ukuze izingane zabo ukuze uthole imfundo enhle.

Lo mnyakazo senzeka ngo eMoscow ngo-1910. Nokho, Kakade eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, umfana waqala ukufundelwa sokuzivocavoca amasonto Swiss, waqala empini futhi akazange amnike ithuba ayiqede. Zazinzima futhi le nsizwa, hhayi nandaba ngisho umsebenzi kunzima kakhulu wathathwa wakhe ukusiza abazali bakhe. Waqoqa amaphasela, khona umakhenikha osafunda, nibekezelelana amaphosta futhi wasiza ngogesi. Kodwa ikhono le nsizwa ukuthi kwakunganele, futhi ngo-1921 eneminyaka engu-Telegraphist izifundo ehlala njalo ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye. Kwaba lesi sinyathelo kwashintsha ukuphila kwakhe.

Ukuqala umsebenzi endleleni

Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala esazama wokusabalalisa. Kwaba Lyuberetskaya esiteshini. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abathweswa iziqu lezi zifundo ngokuvamile into yokuqala waya Labor Exchange beyofuna umsebenzi. Ezimisele ukuqhubeka ukuba bathuthukise amakhono abo, u-Ernst wangena radiotehnikum. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili yomsebenzi kanye cwaningo, wadela. Iyangikhanga kolwandle, futhi sathuthela eLeningrad ngenhloso ukuze uthole ngoxhaxha. Kunalokho, wayethola ngohambo lwakhe lokuqala e-Arctic Ocean. Okunye opharetha umsakazo abuhlangananga - iholo lincane, isikhathi ngonyaka. Ernst kwakungelona bathuka futhi waqhubeka uhambo.

Kwavela ukuthi isitokwe yakhe umlingisi, umusa, nenamancoko - nje ukuthi yini okudingeka wamazwe langempela polar. Callsign Krenkel kwaba RAEM, wayazi umsakazo wakhe opharetha nabahloli bamazwe kulo lonke North. Ngo-1929 kwaba bomkhankaso kuJehova / R "G. Sedov ". Ngemva uhambo lwamazwe ngamazwe esikhathini indiza "Graf Zeppelin", nabanye abaningi abaye olubalulekile emlandweni ekuhloleni kwe-Arctic.

Station "North Pole-1"

Ngo-1936, ngemva kokubuyela e-Moscow Ernst isikhashana ungenzi lutho ekhethekile. Nokho, ngo-May 1937, yena nabanye bamazwe ezintathu lawela phezu ice of North Pole. Abaholi bomkhankaso eliholwa ID Papanin. Baqala ukusebenza esiteshini "North Pole-1". Uhlelo msebenzi wawuhilela okwashiwo imvelo ezahlukene: Meteorological, oceanographic, Geophysical, oceanographic.

Ukuze kokuma kwakungamadodana ebaluleke kunayo yonke imiphumela ezidingekayo ngokushesha futhi njalo ukuthumela e izikhungo zocwaningo. Futhi kwakuxhomeke nje emsakazweni. Soviet polar wamazwe nomsakazo opharetha Ernst abhekana ngayo lo msebenzi, naphezu nzima sezulu izimo futhi umsebenzi esindayo. Zonke imibiko wathumela kane ngosuku.

Wayefanele isikhathi, ngaphezu esemahlombe ayo eziyisisekelo ukugcina kurediyo contact ngenombolo enkulu hams nayizimfundamakhwela. Ngomdlandla wasiza ozakwabo umkhankaso. Isiteshi kwaba ukukhukhuleka, ngakho akekho wamangala ukuthi ngelinye ilanga floe uquleke lonke ithimba ushiye etendeni lakhe. Radio akwenza lapho ngaphandle, kodwa nalokho imbala akuzange kuvimbele Ernst uqhubeke ukudlulisa ulwazi. Ngenxa yalesi esiteshini namanje weza icebreaking imikhumbi futhi wasiza wabahloli polar. umsebenzi bomkhankaso, kodwa inhliziyo yayibukhuni kufanele baziswa.

Ekhonza imemori yokhokho

Krenkel Ernst Teodorovich Usikhumbulile njalo indaba umndeni wakhe futhi ngingakaze ngibe namahloni. kwavela okhokho bakhe ezivela eJalimane lapho isibuyele eRussia, futhi wayengumuntu German ngokuzalwa. Bafika ukubukela imvu. Ekhulwini XIX kwaba kukhokho oyedwa we wombhaki, iinhlangano zabasebenzi laseKharkov. Esikhathini esifanayo edolobheni uyise Ernst wazalwa. igama kukababa kwakuyithuba uTheodore, kodwa uyise, umkhulu ka isihloli Soviet polar, okuthiwa u-Ernst. Indodana yakhe, futhi, wamazwe polar ogama lakhe behlonipha uyise, uTheodore, namanje esingashiwongo isiko lomkhaya.

Krenkel ugogo wathembisa ukuthi indodana yakhe uTheodore azinikele kuNkulunkulu, bekholelwa ngempela ukuthi wasinda kuphela ngosizo ukukhuzwa nguSomandla. Ngakho, uTheodore wangena ubuhlakani zenkolo, futhi bazimisele ngisho ekugcineni ngibe ngumelusi. Kodwa konke kusenjalo yanquma ukushintsha ukuphila kwakhe futhi wajoyina i-Faculty. Ngakho waba umfundisi Latin nesiJalimane. Umama ka-Ernst, uMarie uKastner wayebuye abe uthisha.

hlonishwa njengomphakathi iqhawe

Lemisebenti kweSoviet polar wamazwe umsakazo opharetha futhi uye waphawuleka. Krenkel Ernst Teodorovich wathola umklomelo zokuhlonipha - isihloko Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi imiklomelo yakhe:

• Hlela izinto Red Banner wezeMisebenzi;

• Two Order of the Red Star ;

• amabili Order of Lenin;

Kodwa lokhu zobungoma ohloniphekile kwakungeyona ukuphela. Phakathi kokunye, okuthiwa ezitaladini emizini eminingi eMoscow, laseDonetsk, ukhiye obomvu, eYekaterinburg, Mariupol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yaqanjwa esiteshini omisiwe hydrometeorology kuleli qoqo leziqhingi of Franz Josef Land, kanye iGulf of Severnaya Zemlya leziqhingi eliseduze Komsomolets Island.

Krenkel Museum

Enye intela enkulu kakhulu isihloli polar - uvula emnyuziyamu ogama lakhe behlonipha yakhe. Museum yaqanjwa E. T. Krenkel itholakala eMoscow. It yadalwa ngo-2005, futhi ziphephile ezathathwa ukuqoqwa eU.SSR Central Radio Club. amakhophi 3,000 kuphela. Ungathola kukhona mahhala, kodwa kuphela isivumelwano kwangaphambilini ku ngokuvakashela isikhathi.