Konstantin Paustovsky: Biography, imibhalo, izithombe

Umlobi futhi Classic kwezincwadi amaSoviet nasemakamu Russian KG Paustovsky ozalwa Meyi 19, 1892. Futhi ngaphambi bajwayelane yomlando wakhe, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kwakunjalo Union yase-Soviet Abalobi, futhi izincwadi zakhe ziye zahunyushelwa ezilimini ezihlukahlukene. Kusukela phakathi nawo XX leminyaka, imisebenzi yakhe waqala ukufunda izincwadi Russian ezikoleni. Konstantin Paustovsky (umbhali nesithombe eziboniswe ngezansi) has a lot of imiklomelo - imiklomelo, imihlobiso kanye izindondo.

Izibuyekezo omlobi

UNobhala Valery Druzhbinskoy ezazisebenze umbhali Paustovskogo eminyakeni 1965-1968, wabhala ngayo Umlando wakhe. Iningi udivilyalo kwakhe ukuthi lokhu Umbhali odumile wayekwazile ukusinda isikhathi, njalo bedumisa Stalin, ngaphandle bebhala umholi yegama. Paustovsky futhi iphethwe yini ukuze ujoyine iqembu akazange ngemvume iyiphi incwadi noma ukujivaza, ebabiza yimiphi abathokozelwa nguye okuhlobene. Futhi ngisho Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma wahlulela u Abalobi A. D. Sinyavskogo futhi Yu. M. Danielya, Paustovsky obala azigcine futhi wadumisa umsebenzi wabo. Futhi yini ngaphezulu, ngo-1967 Konstantin Paustovsky asekelwe incwadi uSolzhenitsyn sika, okuyinto yalotshelwa IV iCongress of Soviet Abalobi, lapho wafuna yokuqeda ukucwaninga ezincwadini. Futhi Paustovsky ke ukufa wathumela incwadi Usihlalo we-USSR Council of Ministers A. N. Kosyginu e umqondisi ukuzivikela Yu. P. Lyubimova Taganka nge kunxusa hhayi ukuwukhipha, futhi lokhu ukuze ayisayindiwe.

Konstantin Paustovsky: Biography

Ukuze uqonde indaba impilo omlobi emangalisayo, ungakwazi ukujwayelana trilogy wakhe ngokuphila kwakhe "ekhuluma ngokuphila elachithwa." Konstantin Paustovsky wayeyindodana ujantshi noSozibalo George Maksimovic noMaria Grigorievna Paustovsky owayehlala eMoscow ngo Grenade Alley.

nozalo zoyise yakhe iphindela elidala hetman Cossack P. K. Sagaydachnogo. Phela umkhulu wakhe wayebuye Cossack-Chumak nguye esethula umzukulu bone Izinganekwane Ukrainian, Cossack izindaba nezingoma. Umkhulu wakhonza ngaphansi Nicholas Mina, yebo ku-Russian-Turkish elathunjwa futhi waletha umkakhe, Fatma owesifazane Turkish, owabhapathizwa ngo-Russian okuthiwa Honoratus. Ngakho, kuze kube segazini Ukrainian-Cossack exovwe umbhali kanye Turkish kugogo wakhe.

Ukubuyela biography Umbhali odumile sika, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi nginabafowethu ababili abadala kunami - Boris futhi Vadim - nodadewabo Galina.

Uthanda Ukraine

Wazalelwa e Moscow, Paustovsky iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 wahlala Ukraine, lapho aba khona umbhali kanye intatheli, njengoba ngokuvamile ezishiwo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba wakhe ngokuphila. Uyambonga lokuthi akhulela Ukraine, eyayizoba kuye njengoba olunezintambo kabani isithombe wayegqoke iminyaka eminingi enhliziyweni yakhe.

Ngo 1898, umndeni wakhe yasuka eMoscow yathuthela Kiev, lapho Konstantin Paustovsky iqala ukuqeqeshwa sokuzivocavoca Okokuqala Classical. Ngo-1912 ngesikhathi engena Kiev University e-Faculty of Umlando futhi kolimi, lapho afundela khona iminyaka emibili kuphela.

Eyokuqala Umhlaba

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwempi Paustovsky yaphindela eMoscow kunina nomkhaya wakhe, khona-ke wathuthela University of eMoscow. Kodwa ngokushesha wangingena emlonyeni ezifundweni zakhe futhi wathola umsebenzi wesitimela umqhubi, wabe esekhonza njengomdala ngokuhlelekile isibhedlela-izitimela. Ngemva kokufa abazalwane empini Paustovsky wabuyela unina nodadewabo. Kodwa futhi, emva kwesikhashana bese wahamba wayosebenza, izitshalo Metallurgical Ekaterinoslavle futhi Hughes, ngesikhathi isitshalo kubhayela eTaganrog noma wokubambisana sokudoba Azov.

Revolution, impi yamaqembu esizwe esisodwa

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka- February Revolution, waya eMoscow futhi wasebenza njengoba intatheli ukushicilela ezihlukahlukene ezinyathelisiwe. Kube ebona Okthoba Revolution-1917 ngonyaka.

Ngemva kwalokho, izwe wangena shí empini yombango, futhi Paustovsky ophoqelelwe ukuze ubuyele Ukraine e Kiev, okuyinto eye yaqhubekela kusukela dolobha ukuze unina nodadewabo. Ngo-December, wabiza e bebutho hetman, kodwa ngemuva kokushintshwa uhulumeni - ukukhonza kule iRed Army in the ibutho zokuphepha, wadala kusukela wangaphambili Makhno. Lokhu ibutho yahlakazeka maduze.

Indlela eya lokusungula

Konstantina Paustovskogo ukuphila isishintshile, futhi ngemva kokuba baya eningizimu yeRussia, waphila Odessa, wasebenza "amatilosi" ukushicilela indlu. Phakathi nale nkathi lapho wajwayelana nge-Babel, I. Ilf, L. Slavin. Kodwa ngemva waya Odessa, eCaucasus futhi aphila ngokunethezeka Batumi futhi Sukhumi, Yerevan, Tbilisi futhi Baku.

Ngo-1923 Konstantin Paustovsky futhi eMoscow iminyaka eminingi abasebenza ekuthuthukiseni isihloko. isiqalo sakhe zokunyathelisa. Esikhathini 30s, waphinde wahamba futhi wasebenza njengoba intatheli "izinsuku ezingu-30" abamemezeli "impumelelo yethu", "Pravda" iphephandaba. Umagazini "Izinsuku ezingu-30" eshicilelwe indaba yakhe "Ukukhuluma inhlanzi", "Blue Fire Zone".

Ekuqaleni kuka-1931 kumiyalo UKUKHULA waya Perm, Berezniki, ukwakhiwa chemical isitshalo. Izindatshana zakhe ngale ndaba kufakwe incwadi ethi "The Giant eMfuleni Kama." Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waqeda indaba kuqalile e Moscow, "Kara Bugaz", okuyinto eyaba ukhiye kuye. ngokushesha Wayeka isevisi futhi waba umlobi professional.

Konstantin Paustovsky: imisebenzi

Ngo-1932, umlobi wavakashela Petrozavodsk futhi zaqala umlando simila. Ngenxa yalokho, wabhala inoveli "Isiphetho Charles Lonsevilya", "Ichibi Front" futhi "ifektri Onega." Kwakukhona kuyiwe enyakatho yeRussia, umphumela wawuba indzabambhalo "Izwe Onega" futhi "Murmansk". Ngokusebenzisa isikhathi - indzaba "imimoya Underwater" ngo-1932. Futhi ngo-1937 waphuma ephephandabeni "Pravda" indzaba "I Ezishisayo okusha" ngemuva kohambo oluya Mingrelia.

Ngemva kuyiwe Novgorod, Pskov nomlobi St Michael wabhala indaba, "Grove kaMichael", eyakhululwa ngo-umagazini "Red Ebusuku" ngo-1938

Ngo-1939, i-impumelelo etemibhalo Paustovskogo Labor uhulumeni ukhishwa Order of Red Banner. Akwaziwa ngokuthe ngqo ukuthi izindaba eziningi ezibhaliwe Konstantin Paustovsky, kodwa kwakunamathuba amaningi. Kuzo, wakwazi ukuba badlulisele abafundi proffessionalnykh zonke isipiliyoni ukuphila kwakhe - konke akubonayo, wezwa futhi waba nayo ngabangane.

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Phakathi nempi namaNazi Paustovsky wakhonza njengephayona umlobeli othile impi wohlu Southern Front. Khona-ke wabuyela eMoscow futhi wasebenza tass. Kodwa wadedelwa ukusebenza phezu play in the Moscow Art Theatre. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho waxoshelwa nomkhaya wakhe Alma-Ata. Ngesikhathi elapho wayesebenza play "aze amise wenhliziyo 'futhi epopeynym inoveli" umusi ezweni. " Isitatimende yokulungiselela eMoscow Chamber Theatre A. Ya. Tairova zayiswa Barnaul.

Ngenxa yokuqhuma cishe unyaka, kusukela ngo-1942 kuya 1943 th, wachitha isikhathi e Barnaul, e Belokurikha. Kudlalwé, anikezelwe umzabalazo wokulwa abahlaseli isiJalimane, owawuse-Barnaul entwasahlobo ka 4 April 1943.

ukuqashelwa

Ngo-1950, umlobi wafika ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke. Akapholisanga maseko nethuba ukuvakashela Europe. Ngo-1956, wabeka phambili nembangi uMklomelo KaNobel, kodwa kwaba Sholokhov. Paustovsky kwaba umbhali ozithandayo Marlene Dietrich. Wayenabafazi ezintathu, indodana eyodwa ka yokutholwa Alexei futhi zemvelo izingane - Alex futhi Vadim.

Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe umbhali wahlushwa somoya isikhathi eside futhi wahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Washona ngo eMoscow ngo-July 14, 1968, wembelwa emathuneni edolobheni Tarusa Kaluga esifundeni.