I mitotic umjikelezo isici inqubo samanje

Division - esakhiweni zamangqamuzana. Ngaphandle le nqubo, akunakwenzeka ukuba sicabange ukwanda isibalo ezahlukene ezincane-eziphilayo noma izidalwa unicellular. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuqinisekisa yokutakula kwezicubu ngisho izitho lonke eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iqoqo izinqubo ezenzeka esikhathini esiphakathi izigaba ezimbili, ngokuthi umjikelezo cell. Kuthatha indawo ngezigaba. Ngakho, isici ofanele interphase futhi umjikelezo mitotic lapho leli ngqamuzana liyahlukana.

Ukuze silondoloze okungenani inani elifaka nesidoda okunikelwe sihamba Ukubuyelela kabili molecule e-DNA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekusebenzisaneni uphasisa biosynthesis amaprotheni kumiswa ezibalulekile cell izakhiwo.

Mangisho ukuthi interphase lungaphezu division uqobo. Siqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• isikhathi presynthetic - libhekene asebenzayo ukukhula izinqubo, synthesis amaprotheni acid nucleic, futhi kumiswa activators ethize zokwenziwa isikhathi. Leli ngqamuzana lifinyelela lingakanani evamile futhi ubuyisela kunesidingo ukuze kusebenze we organelle. Isikhathi lesi sikhathi - amahora ambalwa noma izinsukwana.

• Zokwenziwa isikhathi - libhekene DNA ukufanisana kanye synthesis histones, okuyinto banesibopho emaphaketheni nucleosome esanda kwemiqondo acid nucleic, kanye kabili chromosome futhi centrioles. Isikhathi lesi sikhathi - kufika emahoreni angu-12.

• isikhathi postsynthetic - ihlala kuze mitosis, libhekene ekuqongeleleni amandla futhi amaprotheni synthesis tubulin, okuyinto ebalulekile cell division. Kwaphela isikhathi amahora 2-4.

Ngemva sihamba mitosis interphase isinyathelo, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi libhekene izinqubo ezithile ngokulandelana lapho indodakazi amaseli akhiwa neqoqo kahle ichazwe lezakhi zofuzo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kube yilolu suku ahlale ngezizathu ezingaziwa ngokuqedwa kwesivumelwano yenqubo ukuqoqwa. Kuyinto ongaziwa futhi imishini elibangela resumption yayo, nakuba ama-hormone ukukhwezwa okuyinto ngenxa yesenzo umjikelezo mitotic icushiwe. Izinto ukulawula usayizi labantu amaseli, futhi ayiqondakali ngokuphelele.

On the mitotic iseli umjikelezo kuthonywa glucocorticoids. Prolactin, thyrotropin, estrogens futhi androgens nazo uyakwazi ngendlela ethile ukuthonya nokuhlukana kwamangqamuzana kokubhekiselwe kwezicubu.

Kuyaphawuleka lokhu okulandelayo sici izimila benign - I-isici lomzimba mitotic cell umjikelezo yabo (nsuku zonke). Kukholakala ukuthi uma inchubekelembili isimila kwenzeka ukwehla ukuzwela umzimba ukuze r. N. chalones - amaseli inhibitor.

On the division futhi ubukhulu labantu kweselula nazo zathonywa umsebenzi ohlelweni lysosomal, ngoba enzyme yayo kungaba nomphumela elimazayo.

Kufanele ukuthi ukwakheka kwamaseli amasha luncike uhlobo izicubu, ithonya izici zangaphandle kanye isimo bokuphila emzimbeni, ngakho-kwezinye izimo kungase kudingeke ezinye izici ngamunye, libhekene okwanda sabantu cell noma ukunqanyulwa kwe-inqubo.