izici Kuyathakazelisa sici for iqembu kwezilwane ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, okungokwendlela uhlobo Cnidarians, noma Cnidaria. Cnidarians akheke elula kodwa ifa la kwezicubu, ngalo ingaphakathi emathunjini. Elinye lamagama iqembu lolungakahleleki - coelenterates. indima ebalulekile emzimbeni enze amaseli esintinyelayo (knidotsity, nematotsity). Bakhonza ukuhlasela inyamazane futhi uvikele izitha.
Yini eziphilayo ziye knidotsitami?
Cnidarians - zasolwandle nasemanzini agelezayo ngezilwane ezihlala cishe yonke zindawo. Radially ziyalingana cnidarians umzimba has omunye ezimbili zama-umzimba - polypoid noma Medusoid. Abamele uhlobo okuqala kakhulu kwesama, abanye zifana izitshalo. Ngo jellyfish ihambe futhi ngomlomo ingaphakathi phansi. Njengomthetho, lezi coelenterates ukuntanta ngokukhululekile, kodwa izinhlobo ezimbili umzimba enye ezizukulwaneni ezahlukene. amaseli kabuhlungu babe cishe yonke cnidarians, basuke esisogwini ihambe. Amachibi cnidarian esingaphansi kolwandle. Kukhona phakathi la magciwane yodwa wamakoloni.
Cnidarians uhlobo ihlanganisa amakilasi elandelayo izilwane:
- hydroid (Hydrozoa);
- scyphoids (Scyphozoa);
- kwamakhorali (Anthozoa);
- jellyfish (Cubozoa);
- Polypodium Hydriforme (Polypodiozoa).
Kanjani kabuhlungu amaseli?
Kuhunyushwe kusuka lesiGreki «cnidos» kusho "sembabazane", okuyinto ehambisana nokuba khona e ikhava elingaphandle izilwane amaphilisi egcwele imfihlo anobuthi. Ngokuvamile, amaseli esintinyelayo ku tentacles ka cnidarians ugxile futhi ifakwe cilium ebucayi. knidotsita Inside kuyinto sikhwama amancane ezisongwe amancane tube - kabuhlungu ngentambo. Kubukeka sengathi isiphethu coiled nge inhlendla. indima ebalulekile ukusebenza kwamaseli fanele ukushiswa calcium ion, ushintsho okuhlushwa ingcindezi uketshezi ngaphakathi capsule. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi cnidarians engasabeli zonke ezenzeka ngaphandle, ngakho njengoba ngeke esachitha amaseli kabuhlungu. On komzimba wesilwane has kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa noma ezenza zisize ekuhlonzeni izinguquko imvelo.
Uyini umsebenzi amaseli kabuhlungu?
contact Small isitha noma ukukhiqizwa, izinguquko ingcindezi amanzi entweni yokuhamba kungaholela ezishukumisayo izinwele ebucayi. Knidotsity futhi bakwazi basabela izinto amaprotheni. Yilokho okwenzeka lapho zihlatshwa amaseli esintinyelayo:
- Vula cap phezulu, ebhekene imvelo.
- ngentambo esintinyelayo is waqonda futhi nge spikes ebukhali ezansi is washaya umzimba isisulu.
- Cnidocyte esonta noma ethe njo ukukhiqizwa.
- Isihlungu ethakwa kubangela ukukhubazeka noma ushise.
- Buciko umsebenzi walo, knidotsity bashonile kwathi esikhundleni ngemva kwamahora angu-48 asathuthuka amasha.
Ngenxa emakamu eliphezulu futhi ehlelekile isinyathelo knidotsitov phezu ihambe, coelenterates izilwane ushaye nomzingeli noma isisulu. Neurotoxins ngaphakathi amaphilisi kabuhlungu amaseli thwebula inyamazane futhi abangele ukusha ezincane kusukela eziphilayo ezinkulu.
Cnidarians ezingelwa izilwane?
Phakathi ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ejects cnidocyte "inhlendla" ushevu ngaphakathi 3 millisecond emva ukuxhumana nabanye izilwane. Umbani iseli impendulo ayinakho analogue endle. isivinini wakhe futhi amandla ngawo intambo ikhishwe kabuhlungu ngokwanele ukuba zingene igobolondo kanzima kwezinye ezinamagobolondo! Okukhulu abameleli coelenterates ukuhlasela izinhlanzi kanye unkom 'idlayodwa izinkalankala. Kodwa cnidarians kakhulu umthombo ukudla eziphilayo encane efana plankton futhi benthos. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi coelenterates eziningi ungasindisi ezilwaneni eziyingozi, ngisho kabuhlungu amaseli. Nge isikhali esesabekayo ku tentacles Basaba abe yisisulu abazingeli nezinye izilwane.
Indlela ukuze adle "zimbali" zomhlaba isilwane?
Kwamakhorali beyokwakha amakoloni ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle. Anemones noma ulwandle anemones siphile olulodwa, axube sole amatshe, amagobolondo, amatshe futhi izixhobo. Tentacles futhi umlomo polyp, okungokwendlela Anthozoa ekilasini, ngokuvamile atholakala phezulu, phansi ingxenye unamathele substrate. Anemone umlomo sizungezwe ihambe, okuyizinto knidotsity. Umsebenzi kabuhlungu amaseli ulwandle Anemone kuhlasela ezimayini nasembonini zizivikele ezitheni. Anemones ungakwazi thwebula futhi sisithandele evutha encane izilwane izindikimba. Ezinye cnidarians welulela ihambe, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze umuntu ukuphila umzimba.
Inkinga yokuthi kukhiqizwa ukudla okungakanani futhi ukuzixazulula isenzo okusheshayo kakhulu neurotoxins kabuhlungu amaseli. Lapho contact, bangakwazi kubathene inyamazane futhi ukuze kuxoshwe ekuhlaseleni izilwane ezidla ezinye.
Lapho izilwane bukhoma hydroid?
abameleli ekilasini Hydrozoa atholakala amanzi ahlanzekile, amanzi-Antarctica, nemigodi yasolwandle ezijulile. Belong kuleli qembu Hydra limnomedusae, siphonophores, nezinye subclasses namaqembu. Iningi labo - Abantu abahlukumeza abanye ezizingelayo usebenzisa knidotsitov. amaseli Cnidarian esintinyelayo okuqondene hydroids kukhona umehluko omkhulu e ubukhulu namandla ubuthi. Kukhona ukuhlukanisa umsebenzi phakathi kwamaqembu eziphilayo e-amakoloni polyp: eyodwa ezidla, enye sivikele, abanye asetshenziselwa zizalela. Ezinye jellyfish ukudla kwawo, saphinde in amanzi nge feelers fixed, okuyokwenza plankton, kuyilapho abanye ngenkuthalo ukubhukuda ziyofuna ukudla. coelenterates Kukhona ukuthi bayakwazi ngokuqondile ukuzingela inyamazane, iyiphi isiginali isilinganiselo receptor phezu emzimbeni.
Ingabe knidotsity stsifo- futhi jellyfish kuthiwa iyingozi?
Ubukhulu kwezilwane okuqondene ekilasini Scyphozoa basukela 12 mm kuya ku-2.4 m ububanzi. Ngisho amafomu enkulu akukho skeleton, ikhanda, izitho zokuphefumula. Ummeleli ejwayelekile yaleli qembu - ayevumela Aurelia eared - engaphansi anobuthi kunamanye jellyfish. I abadala zidla plankton zithobele ihambe. Stsifomeduzy babe knidotsitov amaningi ezinzwa ezizungezile emlonyeni ihambe. injongo yabo eyinhloko - ukuhlonza kanye thwebula inyamazane.
Lethal izilwane ezincane namangqamuzana esintinyelayo giant cyano (Cyanea arctica). Futhi uma nabo womuntu knidotsity imbangela ukusha of kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukuqubuka futhi ububomvu kusukela ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi ukuthi ufaka isikhumba. Jellyfish - abakhileyo emanzini afudumele wezilwandle nasolwandle - ayakwazi ukuthuthela ngokushesha. Ezinye zazo yilezi yingozi abantu: ukusha wathola njengoba yalokhu "ukuxhumana", kungaholela ekufeni.
Coelenterates nabantu
Inkinga ebuhlotsheni bomuntu izilwane, okungokwendlela uhlobo Cnidarians, kuba ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. abatshuzi Abaningi futhi abalandeli iholidi beach ngu olwandle ujwayelene coelenterates esintinyelayo izakhiwo. amaseli esintinyelayo nobuntu jellyfish elintantayo kukholamu amanzi. Ngisho contact okuncane abaningi babo kungaholela isifo uthi, ukusha, isikhumba ukucasuka. Ukuze ujabulele diving noma snorkeling, kudingeka nje athobele umthetho, esifundeka kanje: ". Bheka kodwa ningathinti" Ikhambi elingcono kakhulu le ukusha tentacles ka jellyfish ubhekwa amanzi ashisayo, bese cindezela abandayo reception izidakamizwa antihistamine. Enye yezinkinga ezinzima nokuxhumana sabantu futhi isizinda coelenterates coral womshini ubucwebe, eziyisikhumbuzo. Eminyakeni yamuva, ososayensi iyashaqisa ukufa polyp - abakhi ezicebile futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi izakhiwo kwamanzi. Zakha engokwemvelo ukuba kungabi yiwo wodwa kodwa nezezinye ezingenamgogodla nenhlanzi. Izixhobo zamakhorali olwandle efudumele nezilwandle emhlabeni wonke ababhekana imithelela ebalulekile endabeni yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, usawoti kanye nezinye izakhiwo amanzi.
Ikoloni polyp zikhula kancane kakhulu, landa ngamaphesenti ambalwa nje amamilimitha angu ngonyaka. Ngaphandle coral izakhiwo kunzima ukucabanga izwe ngaphansi kwamanzi ukuthi ngakho bakhangwa ubuhle layo eliyingqayizivele futhi athandeke nakakhulu.