Ukwahlukanisa zezokwazisa

Ukuze siqonde okushiwo kufihlwe ngemuva kwencazelo "ngezigaba kolwazi izinhlelo", kumele ucacise okuyinto izinhlelo okukhulunywa ngakho. Ezinye basakhumbula 50s ekhazimulayo, lapho ezahlukene ezimali izibalo (ikakhulukazi inkokhelo) Kwakuseshwa ngosizo Computing imishini nge isimiso electromechanical wokusebenza. Nokho, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukusebenza kwabo kunzima ukuqhathanisa zobuchwepheshe zanamuhla, yokuncishiswa izibalo kanye wamaphepha ngokushesha ukwedlula bendabuko indlela manual.

Akumangazi-ke ukuthi le 60s baba inzuzo ezisobala okuvumela ukusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezinjalo ukuze nokwandisa hhayi kuphela udaba bese ukubala amaholo, kodwa nakwezinye izindima eziningi ezihlobene accounting. Eminyakeni 70-80 amasistimu ezinjalo sebeqala isetshenziselwe ukulawula ukuphathwa. Ngasekupheleni '80s sibonga ukuvela ngesivinini izixazululo electronic, izinhlelo zezokwazisa zaqala ukusetshenziswa yizinhlangano ezehlukene, kungakhathaliseki umsebenzi. Eqinisweni, uhlelo kunciphisa zabasebenzi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ekugcineni kwandiswe inzuzo.

Izinhlobo zolwazi izinhlelo kufundvwe e computer science. Ziyakwazi omunye iziqondiso kwale sayensi. It neyasemhlabeni nezinjongo ucwaningo - izixazululo uyakwazi ukugcina, thola futhi ukukhiqiza ulwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukusebenza ikhono ukucinga futhi ukwengeza idatha entsha. Lezi zixazululo, njengoba ungase ukuqagela, abizwa ngokuthi zezokwazisa.

Loluhlelo lolukhona njenganyalo Imininingwane ngezigaba kuhlanganisa division by:

• informatization ezingeni. Okwamanje, ezivame kakhulu kukhompyutha Ais (Automated Information Systems). Bona iqhaza zonke izigaba ngokucubungula idatha. Ngakho, kucatshangwa ukuthi uma ulwazi operation wenziwa umuntu (kuhlanganise nakwamanye amadivaysi asizayo ezifana abacus), khona-ke umuntu umsebenzi nge-IP mqulu;
• zisebenzisa indlela. Laba bameleli be-ngobukhulu yalolu hlobo - uhlelo kohlaziyo. Leli qembu lihlanganisa IAS (ulwazi-kohlaziyo uhlelo), IPA (injini), IRS (ukuxazulula uhlelo). Ingxenye umngcele phakathi izinhlobo okunemibandela, njengoba ulwazi izinhlelo ongenza ezihlukahlukene nemisebenzi;
• ngezigaba eziningi eyaziwayo zezokwazisa esetshenziswa izakhiwo. Isixazululo kakhulu elula - sendawo Imininingwane uhlelo (IS). Isibonelo esimangalisayo - ukusebenza kwenye idivayisi elekthronikhi ngaphandle kwesidingo nokuxhumana nezinye IP. ICS Okuningi eziyinkimbinkimbi, eyakhelwe isimiso 'amaklayenti-server ". Ukusebenzisa kwabo konke ukuhlanganyela inethiwekhi inikeza iseva eyodwa. Ekugcineni, le-IP basakaza - inethiwekhi multi-tiered namaseva eziningana;
• ngezigaba kolwazi izinhlelo olwakhiwe uhla imisebenzi. Model ICS kusenza sikwazi ukusukumela phezulu ukusungula indlela ekabili exchange kolwazi nge imodeli cwaningo. Ngokusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene (ICS lwenteke zezimali, etibalo kanye nabanye. Model), kungenzeka ukuthola eziningana izixazululo ehlukile. Ikesi ekhethekile - le-IP uchwepheshe;
• emkhakheni ukusetshenziswa. Hlukanisa ukuphathwa IC (sicabangela ukugqagqana esifanelekile izinkinga); isilawuli Technical IC (ezenzakalelayo bumbela inqubo); EC yesayensi (ucwaningo futhi ucwaningo nge ukucutshungulwa imiphumela); ukuqeqeshwa EC (ematfuba etindlela tekutfola lwati electronic); ICS edidiyelwe (inhlanganisela imisebenzi eminingana).

Ukwahlukanisa zezokwazisa kwedatha yomuntu siqu wenziwa ku nalezi zici ezingenhla, ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona umehluko ezibalulekile ezivela lonke izifunda - ngesidingo sokuvikela imininingwane kusetshenzwe. Lolu hlelo luyinhlanganisela hardware ne-software eyenzelwe idatha yomuntu siqu. Singasho ezenzakalelayo isixazululo.