Jwayelekile sici ukusabela. Kuyini izinga yokusabela?

Ngo zomzimba sokugembula kuyinsakavukela is afanayo Dynamics izinkomba emkhakheni morphology, oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo futhi ukusebenza komzimba womuntu. Bonke zingahluka ngokuya izinga imvelo. In the state evamile ohlelweni begazi ngokuphelele avumelane sanoma yisiphi imvelo, okusho ubungqabavu yayo egcwele.

uhlelo Ukuba Nethemba Lokuhle ukuhamba komsebenzi uhlobo begazi kusho ukusebenza esiphezulu of imisebenzi zokuzivikela ngesikhathi esincane energy izindleko. Isimo somzimba njalo kungenzeka ukunquma, esekelwe isici izinga ukusabela.

Umehluko phakathi ukusabela evamile futhi ukuqothuka kwezinwele okungavamile

Ububanzi okungenzeka ukushintshashintsha izici zofuzo, okuyinto encike ngqo kwi imvelo - okungukuthi izinga yokusabela. Pathology kubhekwa isimo nge degree asanele noma ngokweqile wokusabela ezingeni begazi. ukusabela Jwayelekile zingase zihluke.

Ubunzima bokuhlukanisa imiqondo le kungokwenhliziyo kokuhlukana nemingcele tekusebentisa umzimba - incike isimo somzimba umuntu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi phakathi ukuthuthukiswa inqubo sokugembula siyohlale yokusabela kanye umonakalo Ukuvikelwa. Kunezikhathi lapho lezi zibonakaliso reincarnate ku nomunye.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi impilo ibizwa ngokuthi isimo nenhlalakahle nge iphuzu ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo futhi zezimali umbono, hhayi nje ukungabi khona kwezifo noma ukungasebenzi kahle zangaphandle. ukuhlolwa abaningi kanye imigomo ukuvimbela ukuhlolwa olunembile zomzimba womuntu. Norm yokusabela - ke kuyingxenye ebalulekile kwesifo.

Yini ebonisa Pirke (Mantoux)

Zonke izingane zenza "inkinobho" emva onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila, ke konke lokhu inqubo basesikolweni. Sample esithathwayo ukuhlola umzimba womuntu ngoba khona-TB bacilli. ukuhlolwa Mantoux kunqunywa ubukhulu ukuvuvukala kusayithi umjovo. On isikhumba ngokushesha ngemva kovivinyo, ungabona ukucasuka okuncane - kuyindlela yemvelo yokusabela lapho othize ukuba umjovo we tuberculin. Le nqubo kubangelwa isenzo oluvikelayo T lymphocyte - lalezi zinhlobo igazi obhekene izivikeli mzimba emangqamuzaneni. Ingqikithi yalo yokuhlola ukuthi ukwethulwa mycobacteria kukhona uzibuthe kwezilwanyana ezincane ezuzisayo, kubenze ibanga eduze kwamanzi kwesikhumba. Ngokuvamile basabela tuberculin kuphela lymphocyte, "ajwayelekile" ahlanganisa wokugoma sofuba. Ephambi kwezinduna imbewu eletha umzimba Koch uzosabela kanjani okukhulu. Ngakho, kulesi simo, isivivinyo has a yi emihle.

ukunemba isivivinyo

Ukuvuvukala ukwethulwa tuberculin kubhekwa uhlobo inqubo nomzimba. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amasampula omuhle akuyona ubufakazi bokuba khona kwalesi sifo - kutuswa izifundo ezinemininingwane eminingi, ezifana esifubeni x-reyi futhi isikhwehlela. Kuphela ngemuva kokuthola yonke idatha edingekayo, odokotela bangathola ukuthi ukukhomba uphethwe ngqo.

Norma ukusabela izingane kanye nabantu abadala eyenziwa Pirke sampuli ngokuphongoza ngosayizi. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi abantu asebebadala akuvamile sihamba isivivinyo sofuba.

ukuhlolwa Mantoux: omdala evamile

Ngaphambi ukuqashwa kukaNksz isampuli Pirke Uchwepheshe uqhuba Nokuhlola kokuqala. Uma kukhona izimpawu zesifo kule nqubo, kodwa ochwepheshe abaningi basebenzisa X-ray engenziwa umuntu omdala zokuxilonga.

Can nhlobonhlobo Mantoux test. omdala ojwayelekile - papule, ogama usayizi ingeqi 21 mm. Ukuhlolwa usetshenziselwa ukukhomba iziguli ezithelelekile kodwa ungaguli. Kuyaziwa ukuthi usekhulile ungathola TB uma ukuqinisela ka Mantu, ngakho indlela eyanele ukunquma esifubeni X-ray kubhekwa.

ufuzo

Kunezici eziningana ezingase zingashintsha ngaphansi kwethonya imvelo. Ukuze umzimba esithile kungaba amazinga ehlukene wokusabela imfanelo, kodwa alilokothi kungaphezu evamile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphakama, isisindo kanye amandla kungase kuncike izinga yokudla, kanye unogwaja noboya umbala ngofuzo. Ngamanye amazwi, izinto eziphilayo ifa izimfanelo akuqinisekwa futhi ikhono lokuzikhethela ezinye izindawo ezihlukahlukene izimo. Esizukulwaneni ngesizukulwane ukuphendula ukuqhutshwa kuyinsakavukela isici.

I kokuhlukana yohlobo ukuguqulwa

Wide ukuphendula kuyinsakavukela - lena izici ambalwa kulawulwa polygenes (isisindo, ubisi izinga, ibala lesikhumba). INSIMU kokuhlukana kungaba nhlobonhlobo. I ewumngcingo ukuphendula kuyinsakavukela ephawula nezinye izakhiwo futhi ilungiswe kancane kakhulu (uhlobo lwegazi noma wamehlo).

ukuphendula olungenzeka umchamo

The main isici zokugula kuyehla noma ukwanda kwemithwalo asidi (pH). Norma imvelo uric ebonwe ukusetshenziswa ukudla kwesokudla. Kulokhu, ukusabela kubhekwa ukuba angathathi hlangothi (pH = 7) noma ene-asidi kancane (pH kuhluka 5 kuya ku-7). Lezi zinkomba asetshenziselwa isifundo abantu abadala nezingane ukudla okuxubile. Zonke izingane ubuhlengikazi olwanele ku ubisi, has a ukusabela hlangothi noma ane-alikhali. I-asidi incike ukudla. Lapho ane-alikhali kungashiwo okuphelela ukusetshenziswa esiningi imifino, soda noma isinkwa. Asidi kwenzeka ngemva ukungenisa amaprotheni nokudla okunamafutha ukudla, isinkwa esimhlophe, futhi ngenxa sekuyisikhathi eside bengasadli, ekudleni. Kungenzeka ukusabela ezahlukene umchamo, izinga ngesikhathi esifanayo zishintsha.

I kwabantu umchamo

Okwamanje, kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu kulolu cwaningo. Umuntu siphilile uma izibalo isukela 1003 kumayunithi 1028. Kulokhu, izinga avumelekile ukusabela - lokhu kuvela 1001 kuya 1040. Ngo izinguquko ezithinta nokudla okufanele futhi ukusetshenziswa okwanele namanzi. Ukwanda ukusebenza kuncike ukusetshenziswa inyama, potency, ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo. inhlanganiso ukwehla kungenziwa ezihlobene imifino.

Meaning of izinto zemvelo umchamo

Lezi nezilwanyana ezincane kukhona isici imithetho ukushintshashintsha. Urinalysis unika odokotela isithombe esiphelele semali of udaba eziphilayo. Ngokuvamile ezikhonjwe izingxenye ezifana:

• amaprotheni;
• bilirubin;
• glucose;
• urobilin;
• cholic acid uhlobo (zombala);
• Indican;
• emizimbeni ketone.

Lezi zici abakuzalayo kungenza sizimisele ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Namuhla, uhlobo evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu analyzers ezenzekelayo futhi ukuhlolwa emapheshana. Uhlobo lokuqala uyakwazi ngokushesha ibonisa lokuhlushwa izinto eziphilayo, futhi indlela yesibili isetshenziswa kuphela sokunquma screening inikeza impendulo ngesimo "khona / okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi isakhiwo organic umchamo". Norm ku Assay bamba umuntu enempilo kungaba amaprotheni (0.03 amagremu) kanye urobilinogen (6-10 micromol ngelanga). Zonke ezinye zezinto ngenhla engekho umchamo, kungenjalo kubonisa khona isifo. Kukhona njalo kuleso silinganiso, njengo komthwalo osindayo, hypothermia noma okweqile, imizwa ngokweqile - konke kalula kuphakamisa ukwanda amaprotheni ku 3-5 g, kodwa futhi ebonisa ukuthi ukusabela umchamo kungokwemvelo. Ukwandisa izinga obalulekile walesi sakhi isese kubangelwe lemali elikhulu erythrocyte, leukocyte noma amagciwane.

I kwenze umchamo

Lapho usuphothuliwe le sokunquma izakhiwo ezingokwenyama impahla esithathwayo therein futhi khona izinto eziphilayo abasebenza endaweni Centrifuge ekhethekile ketshezi. I ziyazika okuholela siphela ucwaningo endaweni yokucwaninga ngesibonakhulu. inqubo enjalo uyasiza ekuboneni inani eliqondile lezi begazi izinto, leukocyte, erythrocyte, amasilinda, epithelium, usawoti zinhlayiya, slime amagciwane.

Ulwazi mayelana izinto zemvelo inzika umchamo

Uhlaziyo jikelele unika isithombe ephelele okuqukethwe emzimbeni izakhi ezihlukahlukene, inani okulula ukuthola ubukhona isifo.

leukocyte

Yinto evamile ukukhuluma zamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi umuntu enempilo ubhekwa:

• 0-3 - I-amadoda;
• 0-5 - kwabesifazane.

Uma isampula umchamo siyenzeka nokwanda okuphawulekayo izakhi organic idatha, kuphephile ukuze uthole ukuthi iqondeni khona ukuvuvukala emzimbeni womuntu.

erythrocyte

In the ukungabikho izakhi isifo kungukuthi nasemkhakheni okuholela pellet noma amaseli esinalo njengamanje. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kunezimbangela sokugembula bokuphila yalezi izinto. Inketho yokuqala lihlotshaniswa nezifo kohlelo genitourinary. izimbangela bokuphila yilezi: umsebenzi ngokweqile; isimo eside emi; ethola sulfa izidakamizwa noma imithi anticoagulant uthayipha. ongakhetha okunjalo kusho imithetho ukuguquguquka futhi musa njalo ibonisa isifo.

amasilinda

Lezi izinto kukhona lokhu okulandelayo:

• hyaline;
• luyimbudumbudu;
• waxy;
• EPITHELIAL;
• leukocyte;
• erythrocyte.

Zonke izici ezingenhla, ngaphezu ngowokuqala, kufanele kube ngingekho inzika umchamo. Sikakhiye hyaline uhlobo kungavuka umuntu enempilo bedle:

• Amanzi abandayo (eshaweni, ethela, njll ...);
• inqubo ngokomzimba;
• ukunqwabelana;
• ukusebenza ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu (izinhlobo ashisayo zokukhiqiza, kushisa ngaphandle).

Kulezi zimo, ketshezi Kutholwe kungabhekwa njengophawu zokugula, futhi izimpawu ekushintshashintsheni evamile, kulesi simo, futhi, osebenza welithi "ukusabela okuvamile."

epithelium

Uthola inzika urinary ukuthola kuseli eyodwa, ngokuvamile imali elingana no-ezintathu. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo bio-idatha:

• urethral indiza (the urethra);
• kushintsha, elise izinso, ureters futhi kwesinye;
• izinso.

In the ukungabikho izinyathelo inhlanzeko aphansi e abesifazane bangezwa kusezingeni anda epithelium squamous. Ngokuvamile, ukwanda inani lamaseli kubonisa khona egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Livela izinhlobo kwezinso EPITHELIAL kungase kubonise isifo.

slime

Norma isikhwehlela okuqukethwe kubantu enempilo - ukungezwakali kwawo. Izehlo isici kubonisa khona zokugula ku urinary system izitho.

amagciwane

Inzika urinary kuyinto evamile okunempilo umuntu ukungabi khona ama-bacterium, okuvela kuyo lapho kungenzeka ngesikhathi izifo uhlelo zokuzala kuphela.

Nosawoti ukuhlaziywa

Ngo inzika urinary kukhona izinhlobo ezilandelayo kwezinto eziphilayo: oxalate, urate, trippelfosfaty. Ukubukeka zinhlayiya ku Assay okuthintekayo izinguquko ekudleni noma i-asidi we kuthathwe impahla idliwe imali ketshezi nokuningi. Ngokwesibonelo, inani elikhulu utamatisi fresh ukudla kuholela ukubukeka of oxalates umchamo. ukusetshenziswa njalo ushokoledi, iwayini inyama (obomvu) kanye kuholela urate. Ezinye zinhlayiya usawoti awela inzika kuphela endaweni azibukhali, futhi kukhona izinto ezingahle zenzeke kuphela ane-alikhali. Kule kusobala ukuthi ushintsho asidi e medium urinary liyithuluzi eliyinhloko for crystallization nosawoti. Phambili lowo, they idilizwa ngokuphelele futhi lisebenze ukuhlaziywa.

Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uyokwazi ukuphendula umbuzo ngokuqiniseka ukuthi iyini yinto evamile yokusabela.