IBM-PC. PC

IBM - corporation esikhulu, namuhla esizinikezele ukuklanywa ukulethwa computer kanye neminye imikhiqizo zobuchwepheshe. Phakathi nomlando wayo oneminyaka engu-100 ngaphezu kwendlela alethwe emakethe imikhiqizo emisha eminingi. Kwaba sibonga amakhompyutha IBM avele cishe zonke ekhaya.

ekuqaleni

IBM safika ngesikhathi esifanele lapho ikhompyutha siqu kwaba ngisho Kunzima ukucabanga. Ngo-1896 Kudume ukuthi yakhiwa Herman Hollerith. Igama lenkampani ke wathola TMC futhi wahlanganyela kule mishini ukukhiqizwa ezimali ukuthi kwathengwa ngokuyinhloko ejenti kahulumeni.

Ekuqaleni komlando waso, inkampani isiyalelo omkhulu kusukela Ministry of Statistics, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngokushesha wathatha isikhundla okuphawulekayo emakethe. Nokho, abasunguli nabanikazi ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo namanje kwadingeka adayise inkampani owaziwa ubuhlakani wezimali ka-Charles Flint. Millionaire ukhokhele inkampani isamba esikhulu ngalezo zinsuku ukuba 2.3 bln. Dollars.

Ukuvela IBM

Ngemva ukuthola ukulawula inkampani TMC, Charles Flint ngokushesha waqala ukuzihlanganisa nabanye amafa, isibonelo, ITRC kanye CSC. Umphumela iyi-prototype lamadolobha esimanjemanje "giant blue" - lo CTR corporation.

inkampani Kwakheka waqala ukukhululwa kwe izinhlobo ezahlukene imishini, elihambisana isikhathi. Phakathi kwawo kwakukhona izikali, ukusebenza isikhathi accounting system futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, imishini Punch card. muva nje nendima enkulu e ukwedlulela inkampani ukwenziwa amakhompyutha.

IBM brand okokuqala uvele 1917 emakethe Canadian. Yileyo ndlela esizwa ngayo inkampani uye wanquma ukubonisa ukuthi isibe ngamazwe corporation. Ngemva impumelelo ezanele igama elisha besigaba US ngo-1924 futhi yashintsha igama layo ukuze IBM.

Eminyakeni elandelako embalwa, inkampani ngenkuthalo uyaqhubeka ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe yayo, ukudala uhlobo olusha Punch amakhadi enegama IBM Card. Futhi, i-corporation futhi likwazi ukufinyelela i-izinkontileka ezinkulu uhulumeni uvumela ukuthi ukuze bafeze cishe akukho ukunciphisa ngisho phakathi neNkathi Yokuwohloka Okukhulu.

IBM kanye neMpi Yezwe II

IBM elinezikhonzi wabambisana embusweni wamaNazi eJalimane. Ngo-1933, ngemva uHitler eqala ukubusa ngo-Germany corporation ngisho umkhankaso imboni yayo. Nokho, le nkampani, njengabanye amafemu imali eningi engamaphepha eMelika, kusho kuphela ukudayiswa imishini futhi akacabangi lokhu ukwesekwa mode.

E-United States phakathi nempi, Nhlangano ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela supply ngaphambili ukuze isimo. Useqale okwenza sokuzingela izikophu isikhathi sokuphonsa amabhomu, izibhamu, izingxenye izinjini nezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezempi. Inhloko corporation ke kusungulwa okuzisholo inzuzo wekhasi 1%, okuyinto wahamba ukuba bamasheya futhi izidingo izimali zosizo.

Inkathi amakhompyutha

Eyokuqala IBM-PC wakhululwa ngo 1941-1943 futhi yabizwa ngokuthi "UMarku-mina». Ukucabangisisa Ngethuba Lokungenela umshini amathani 4.5 umxhwele. Ngemuva kokuthola ukuthi unegciwane yethulwa ezisemthethweni kwenzeka kuphela ngo-1944, ngemva kokuthuthela waseHarvard University.

Eqinisweni, "UMarku-mina» iye yathuthuka kakhulu ukungeza mshini, kodwa ngokusebenzisa ezishintshayo izinhlelo amakhono, nguye-computer yokuqala ye-elekthronikhi.

Ukubambisana ale Nhlangano omhlaba kanye kunjiniyela omkhulu Howard Aiken kwaba yibhadi kakhulu. IBM-PC baqhubeka ukuthuthukisa ngaphandle kwakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1952 inkampani ukhiphe owokuqala amakhompyutha cleaner tube.

Ekupheleni kuka-1950-IBM-PC-based transistors lokuqala zidaliwe. Ngenxa yalesi ngcono kungenzeka siwethembe kakhudlwana amakhompyutha futhi udale ku isisekelo yabo ukuzivikela wokuqala ngokumelene missile kuhlasela uhlelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona ukukhiqizwa IBM computer yokuqala nge disk kanzima. Nokho, idrayivu siboniswe nomholi waseSoviet ngo-1958, yazenzela closet ezimbili ezinkulu futhi kwaba 5 MB. IBM ubeke intengo futhi kunalokho enkulu. I sibonelo lokuqala hard drive angizisoli angaba yizinkulungwane 50 aseMelika ngamanani kosuku. Kodwa lokhu kwakuyisiqalo nje ekuqaleni.

ukubukeka IBM System Okokuqala

Ngo-1964, entsha IBM-computer banikezwe. Baye sashintsha ngokuphawulekayo futhi obeka indinganiso iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Umndeni wathola igama IBM System / 360. Kwakuwusuku imoto yokuqala, okuyinto wavunyelwa ukuba kancane kancane ukwandisa amandla ukucutshungulwa ngokushintsha imodeli futhi akashintshi isofthiwe. Kuyinto kulezi mainframes okokuqala waqala zisetshenziswe microcode ubuchwepheshe.

Ngu-IBM amakhompyutha Wamukele izakhiwo yimpumelelo kakhulu, okuyinto isibe de empeleni waba indinganiso iminyaka eminingi. Futhi namhlanje, uchungechunge System Z, okuyinto kuliragelo okunengqondo System / 360 umugqa isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenkuthalo.

I-PC yokuqala

The IBM computer awacatshangwa njengoba emakethe ethembisa. Nokho, ngo-1976 wasungula wokuqala uchungechunge ekwi-desktop yekhompuyutha IBM 5100. Yaklanyelwa esengeziwe onjiniyela kanye akwanele umsebenzi ehhovisi noma ukusetshenziswa siqu.

Eyokuqala mass ikhompyutha siqu, "giant blue" yethulwa kuphela ngo-1981. Empeleni, inkampani ayizange ngempela ethemba ukuthola impumelelo yayo. Yingakho eziningi zezici zawo othengwe kusukela kwezinye izinkampani. I-computer olusha kwahlanganiswa 5150 IBM PC nomndeni ithole igama.

Ukuthandwa PC IBM

Processor omusha kusuka Intel yafuna futhi yesistimu yokusebenza yesimanje, okuyinto inikezwa kahle inkampani young eyasungulwa-Bill Gates.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi baletha udumo PC baba izakhiwo evulelekile. I Corporation okokuqala belahla izimiso eside futhi azenziwanga yelayisensi hardware noma BIOS. Lokhu kuye kwenza ukuba ezihlukahlukene third-party esekelwe Ukucaciswa eshicilelwe ngokushesha ukusungula inhlangano "ukufaniswa".

Vula izakhiwo inikeza nezinye izinzuzo ezifana ikhono self-ukulungisa kanye sesimanje amakhompyutha. Esikhathini esizayo, it akuniké ukuthuthukiswa-computer abo siqu.

Nokho, IBM ngokwalo cishe akazange afike computer ekhaya emakethe. Lasekuqaleni IBM PC khona imodeli ezibizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu isethi eziyisisekelo ukuthenga edingekayo isilawuli idrayivu kanye ngemoto ngokwabo. Izimbangi kule isizinda wabheka ethembisa ngaphezulu.

Noma kunjalo, inkampani wazama ukuqalisa eziningi amamodeli kubasebenzisi ekhaya. Omunye wabo, ngokuthi IBM PCjr wayephakathi 25 okubi kakhulu amadivayisi ikhompyutha. Kodwa ukukhiqizwa lokhu imodeli kunqanyulwe ngokushesha.

Ngezinye IBM, ingxenye ibhizinisi ngokuvamile uzizwe ungumqemane, kuhlanganise emakethe computer siqu. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuba ukuqashelwa eliphezulu umkhiqizo, ukumaketha Cabangisisa. impumelelo umphumela kwaba ukuvela IBM PC / imishini XT futhi IBM PC / AT.

Ikhompyutha ephathekayo lokuqala

Naphezu kokuqala sengqondo esibi ngokwanele ukuba ama-computer, i-giant waphoqeleka ukuba sikucabange. Okokuqala, luthinte impumelelo obuqand IBM PC. By the way, semi-sales zonyaka uhlelo i-computer yokuqala siqu senziwe kwezinsuku ezingu-30.

Ngenxa yalokho, le nkampani yanquma ukuqhubeka ukudala kukhompyutha encane. Umphumela waba imodeli 68 uchungechunge 5155 oveza mayelana iminyaka emibili, kusukela ekuqaleni 1984-th. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, izwe wabona notebook kusukela IBM. Zaba imodeli Convertible.

IBM Convertible laptop lokuqala edayiswa ekuqaleni 1986, naphezu Ukucaciswa kuqhathaniswa nesizotha, ekhiqizwa kuze 1991. Emisha ukuthi idivayisi PC yokuqala kusuka giant corporation ifakwe 3.5 "drive idrayivu.

kweminyaka engu-90

Ngu-90 ngonyaka th of a giant corporation ngokushesha ulahlekelwe isikhundla emakethe PC, kodwa isikhathi eside baqhubeka ukukhulula onobuhle entsha amakhompyutha umile neselula.

Okokuqala, ngo-1990, IBM yethulwa emakethe ikhompyutha entsha izakhiwo entsha ngokuphelele futhi akuhambisani hardware ne-software ingxenye isizukulwane esedlule.

I-computer olusha ithole isikhalazo idatha ibhasi yesimanje, futhi abaningi yezingxenye ziye zashintsha ngendlela yokuthi izinkampani ezincane ukudlala nabo evela e-Asia kwaba nzima ngenxa yezizathu zobuchwepheshe namalayisensi. Kodwa izakhiwo kuhlulekile. Nakuba ezinye ezintsha esetshenziswa kulezi PC, eyathatha isikhathi eside ngokwanele, isibonelo, nezixhumi kwekhibhodi negundane PS / 2 ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ngisho nemishini yanamuhla.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkampani kukhiqizwa uchungechunge kumakhompyutha kukhona iyahambisana isizukulwane esedlule ngokuthi i-PS / 1, futhi kamuva - Aptiva.

Kwakuwusuku lokugcina computer ekhishwa 'Big Blue ". Ngu 1996-1997, ukukhiqizwa imishini kule ingxenye emakethe laba lincane.

Kowezi-2000 kanye zokuqaleka wekugcina emakethe PC

IBM has, naphezu ukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukukhiqizwa PC umile aqhubeka ukukhiqiza futhi adayise kahle emakethe notebook. Abanye abasebenzisi baye baqhubeka ngisho ukukholelwa amakhompyutha IBM namazinga ukukhiqizwa.

Ngo-2004, Corporation yokutholwa isinqumo ezinzima, ngenxa lonke ibhizinisi yokukhiqiza computer kanye laptops ithengiswe inkampani Chinese Lenovo. Inkampani ngokwayo ligxile ezithakazelisayo kakhulu emakethe iseva giant, futhi bathole izinsizakalo zosizo. Ngandlela-thile kamuva, IBM ithengiswe nezinye amayunithi ixhume ukukhiqizwa PC, isibonelo, wahlanganyela ukukhiqizwa angaphandle kanzima uMnyango aba ngaphansi kokulawula kwe-Hitachi.

Umlando omude IBM inikwe amandla inkampani iye efunde nakho okukhulu kudalwa computer hardware ne-software. Namuhla, naphezu okwesula emakethe PC, inkampani inethonya elinamandla on ukuthuthukisa imboni.