Jet fuel: nezidingo izinga

Woyela - ukukhiqizwa umkhiqizo kawoyela obhekene ukusebenza kwama-motor ezahlukene air ezokuthutha. Kuye ukubunjwa, ububanzi kanye nokusebenza, uphethiloli kungaba ezahlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo: fuel jet (kungcono futhi ngokuthi jet fuel) kanye avgas.

injini ngamunye yakhelwe kucatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa uphethiloli ethile, esinikela ijubane ezidingekayo nokwethembeka. Uma ukusetshenziswa fuel, ayenzelwanga lolu hlobo injini, kungenzeka ukunciphisa yayo ukusebenza ekuphileni futhi umthamo izici izindiza.

Jet amafutha ezindiza

Woyela - uphalafini jet izinjini - esetshenziswa ugqugquzela iningi izindiza. Kuyinto lemikhiqizo ezahlukene. Ezweni lethu, sasivame izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene eziyisithupha, ikakhulukazi ukukhetha incike izimo nezici indiza. Ngokwesibonelo, e-izindiza Subsonic esebenzayo kaphalafini TS-1 oqukethe semali nesibabule kwengoma. A izindiza leSupersonic bahlinza TC-8 TC-isitembu noma 6. Low-engamamitha izindiza zidalwa nge TS-2 kaphalafini.

Kaphalafini - zezindiza kanye nje kuphela

Kaphalafini okukhulunywe izinhlobo njengoba ukukhanya kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli. It is eyenziwe ziphuzo zazihluzwa ngqo noma yokucwenga yesibili. I abilayo umkhiqizo, kuye ngokuthi ukwakheka, zingahluka kusuka degrees 150 kuya ku-250.

Nazi ububanzi main uphalafini:

• Aviation. Kube kaphalafini woyela izenzo njengendlela kokupholisayo futhi isikulufa izinjini njengoba umkhiqizo lubricating uphethiloli izinhlelo. Yena ikufakazele uqobo ngezindlela eziningi, ikakhulukazi, ukwandisa injini ukuqina kanye ongaphakeme-lokushisa izakhiwo.
• Rocket isayensi. Kuze kube manje, iziketekete kabanzi njengoba i-rocket fuel, siqala nge kahle ongaphakeme. Ngokuzayo le njongo uhlela nokuqalisa ethane noma propane.
• Ukukhiqiza. Kaphalafini kuyinto enhle kakhulu impahla eluhlaza for ukukhiqizwa polyethylene ne-polypropylene, kanye nezinye izinto zokwenziwa.
• Ukushisisa. Emazweni lapho kungekho central bafudumale system, asetshenziswa kabanzi kaphalafini. It libhekene ukusebenza eliphezulu umlilo, esebenza kahle futhi ukonga ekusebenziseni.
• Umbani. Nakuba kabanzi ugesi, amalambu kaphalafini futhi ekujaheni ukuphonsa ithawula izikhundla zabo.

izinhlobo ezaziwa of woyela bantfu eliveni lakitsi kanye phesheya

On the emakethe angaphandle ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana izinhlobo eziningana yokubasela zezindiza. Basuke zihlukaniswa okulinganisela abilayo izici wamaqhuzu Ukwakheka flash iphuzu (isib amazinga aphakeme has zezindiza uphalafini ulwandle), njalo njalo.

Umkhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu kuyinto zezindiza diesel ne ngcono Ukwakheka wamaqhuzu, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu civil aviation. Ngokwesibonelo, i-brand "Jet A-1". Kuye ukuhlangabezana eziningi izidingo esiqinile. Kodwa emazweni asathuthuka nezimfuneko fuel cishe akukho ukusebenza kwezikole zokusoka.

avgas

Ububanzi eyinhloko siwumpompe zezindiza - izinjini piston izindiza nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane, nomqulu omncane. Kusukela imoto izinjini izimpawu ophoqelelwe fuel injection uhlelo, futhi kungakho nezimfuneko woyela kumele uyibeke ngendlela ethé ukwehluka.

Ukwakheka kuhlanganisa zezindiza uphethiloli izingxenye ihlolwe ngokuphelele etholwe ngenxa izinqubo ezikhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, uwoyela isithokela noma okhanda amanye amathuba ukuguqula. Imikhiqizo etholwe ukucutshungulwa yesibili, okuqukethwe hydrocarbon olefinic, akuzona esebenzayo womshini zezindiza zokubasa.

Namuhla, uma kuqhathaniswa ezivamile likaphethiloli amamaki embonini yezimoto, zezindiza izinhlobo ekhiqizwa kuncane -% 2 kuphela. By the way, amanye amamodeli izinjini e izindiza bayakwazi isebenze kwi uphethiloli standard A-95. Noma kunjalo, woyela ingaphezu Ukwakheka ozinzile futhi qualitative.

Quality kwemigomo woyela:

• Detonation ukuzinza. Ezimisele uphethiloli emoyeni ingxube Ukwakheka obuhlukahlukene.
• Amazinga crystallization - ephansi kuba, ayanda izinga.
• Special Ukwakheka wamaqhuzu.
• Ukungabi bikho hlalani izinto noma yobukhona babo inani eliphansi.
• Ukungabikho sulphur compounds futhi acid.
• Ukushisa eliphezulu amandla omlilo.
• High anti-engqongqoza izakhiwo.
• Excellent isitoreji ukuzinza.

Zonke lezi zici ukunquma izinga zezindiza zokubasa, futhi kungakho ukuthembeka injini.

Ukwahlukanisa brand kanye nokusungulwa

Uphethiloli i-zezindiza izinjini kuyahlukana ngokuya izinkomba banga. Kuyinto lokhu umbandela unesibopho amandla akhiwa injini. Ngokwesibonelo, uphethiloli B-91/115 inombolo yesibili nje olubonisa ukuthi banga, futhi owokuqala - kuba inombolo octane.

Ngokuphambene, motor uphethiloli, zezindiza akuyona ihlukaniswe ihlobo nobusika izinhlobo. Ngemva flying cishe njalo omunye futhi izinga lokushisa elifanayo, okuyinto kancane ehlaselwe ushintsho isizini. Kodwa yiluphi uhlobo ukukhwezelwa zezindiza tetraethyl kuholele bese wengeza ngokuqinile lokulawula amazinga sulphur yomsizi netiyela. Ukuqinisekisa imingcele edingekayo we calorific value futhi crystallization lokushisa toluene nalo wanezela, isomerate, pirobenzol nezinye izingxenye.

Ukuba khona izithasiselo ekhethekile ukwakheka kanye umbala kubonisa woyela. Kuvamise elikhanyayo ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani kukhanya noma orange.

namazinga izinga

Ezweni lethu kukhona nezimfuneko ezithile ukusebenza woyela. Ngaphezu bawuhloniphe namazinga kwemvelo Ukwahlukaniswa "Euro", kukhona iziqondiso ekhethekile lobuchwepheshe, izidingo zomthetho ngqo zezindiza uphethiloli kanye diesel jet fuel.

Ngokwesibonelo, e-uphethiloli, elisetshenziswa zezindiza, kungabikho surfactant, kanye ikhemikhali, noma khona ayimbijana akuphazamisi izici ukusebenza. Kumelwe ifa ukumelana namachibi. Ingabe kuyamukeleka nokuqukethwe kwalo yokwakheka tetraethyl phambili. Futhi uphethiloli ukusebenza grade hhayi ngaphansi kuka-130 uvunyelwe ukuze ungeze udayi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

I-fuel jet akufanele ukungcola ezifana namanzi, isibabule, hlalani izidakamizwa. Wawubekela imithetho eqinile crystallization lokushisa kanye viscosity kinematic, okuyinto zingahluka phakathi izinjini bezindiza ngesivinini Subsonic futhi leSupersonic.

Ngokuphathelene ububanzi bokusebenzisa, uphethiloli zezindiza esetshenziswa kuphela izinjini izindiza. Ukusetshenziswa noma iyiphi enye injongo ke akuvunyelwe nhlobo.