Jacopo Tintoretto. Okupendiweyo Biography of the master of esikoleni Venetian kwekhulu XVI

Amazwi athi "Italian Renaissance" umculo uzwakale ngisho imfundamakhwela art lover. esikoleni Venetian umdwebo - omunye Motifs ekhululekile kakhulu kuwo. Inamandla, kuzithinta elikhanyayo lokhu Ihubo - Tintoretto zokudala. Izithombe ye-master Uyi sokugcina, isigaba eliphakeme kwezobuciko Renaissance Venice.

ekuqaleni

Tintoretto ukuphila ugcwele izimfihlakalo. Ngisho igama langempela lomuntu umculi isikhathi eside ayikaziwa. Ngo 1518, e-Venice, indodana Dyer indwangu Giovanni Robusti (Tintoretto kusho "Dyer kancane"), indodana Jacopo. Esikhathini esingeside esidlule, amadokhumenti Prado ochwepheshe eMadrid atholakele, lapho livela igama langempela lomuntu umndeni umdwebi sika - Komin (lwesigodi lendawo ibizwa ngokuthi spice ikhumini). Robusta (robusto - eqinile) - isidlaliso kayise umdwebi sika, a kumfanele nabo impi ngoba Republic of Venice. Kamuva ngelika Tintoretto waqala engeza epithet Il Furioso - wafutheka, belinganisa nje ngokwabo amakhosi ngenxa yokudalwa inqubo ukudalwa kwako.

Iwebhu lokuqala Yakopo Komina steel odongeni upende esitolo, futhi wabona indodana ekudalweni robusta bamyisa ukutadisha kudlala Titian okukhulu. Kukhona legend ukuthi lapho eqaphela ngokwezinga ithalente Tintoretto, master umuntu eqhuma nomona sahamba, owesaba esincintisana esizayo. Kuyangabazeka. Kungenzeka, le Tiziano waqaphela ukuthi edlubulundayo nsizwa ukuba umculi omkhulu, kodwa awukwazi ukuba umfundi okhuthele.

Akwaziwa ezathatha ukuqeqeshwa Tintoretto. Imidwebo, ebhala, kulandela isiqubulo eqoshwe odongeni we studio: «Il disegno di Michelangelo ed il colorito di Tiziano», okusho "Umdwebo ka Michelangelo futhi Titian sika umbala". Kodwa isifundo sokuqala ezinkulu wabonisa ukuthi kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwezwekazi yamasiko obuciko Yenguquko titans ekufuneni kwabo siqu ngokucacile indlela ebonakalayo.

"Isimangaliso St. Mark" (1548)

isigqila Christian ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi, waya izinsalela of St uMarku, futhi wamphathisa emzimbeni nasemphefumulweni. Futhi lapho umnikazi wanquma ajezise Inceku yokuqala izimpumputhe ke ezine, St. Mark wehla ezulwini futhi anike umzimba insizwa ngeke ilimale magic. Izinkemba nangezimbazo ukuphula i zempi engabonakali, futhi lokhu kubangela ngokwesaba nangokuthuthumela e isixuku esikhulu.

Multi-sibalo yokwakheka izinhlamvu plastically ngokunembile athuthukile sigcwele ukunyakaza engakaze ibonwe isikhathi nendawo. Tintoretto ukumema ngendwangu omkhulu isixuku salo Venetian, lapho ungabona izivakashi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene, abameleli amakilasi nomphakathi. Ulayini, umbala enamandla, ukunyakaza khulula shayela ku nangezindlela elikhanyayo folds zokugqoka - konke lokhu ebhubhisa obunobunye Renaissance nokuzola simenza zithembiso entsha banomkhuba nezesikhathi esizayo Baroque.

Il Furioso Tintoretto

Ifa master omkhulu. Nokho, imidwebo eminingi isigamu yeminyaka irretrievably elahlekile. Passion umsebenzi wathukuthela wangqangqa ukuze ngizinake inani isinxephezelo, ukuze uthole eminye imiyalo emisha. Abantu abaningi ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe futhi subsequent zukulwane of a baxgeki ukhombe kungalingani adalwe Tintoretto. Imidwebo usayizi enkulu izigcawu waseBhayibhelini aqukethe iminonjana yokushesha sobala. Kodwa amandla imizwelo kanye throbbing kuyo yonke imininingwane, futhi design jikelele, e esebeyinyama, obonwa zonke.

Yena wayengumbulali kweqiniso Renaissance indoda. izindonga Painted nophahla ophahleni ka emasontweni kanye nasezindlini zombuso e-Venice nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Izandla zakhe imidwebo omkhulu izindikimba zenkolo, kanye negumbi imidwebo nezikhonzi basezinganekwaneni eyakhe futhi. Ilungiselela oda amasha, yena sculpted wax onobuhle, begqoke kubo futhi wacinga igama engeli ekhululekile kakhulu. Yena bephikelela ukusebenzisa ukukhanya, ukusebenza ebusuku eside ngekhandlela.

"IPharadesi" (1588)

Wadala ukuhlobisa ihholo elikhulu we Isigodlo we Doges isithombe Tintoretto "IPharadesi" has a Usayizi 7 amamitha eliphezulu futhi 22 ububanzi. Kuthathwa Umdwebo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni uwoyela wobuciko on ngendwangu. "IPharadesi" is eshaya umcabango engapheli umbhali, futhi kahle umdwebo kanye nenkululeko umbala izixazululo.

Ezinye izinhlamvu wasebenza kancane futhi zithole immateriality ngokomzimba, ukuduka isixuku esikhulu ezinhlobo. Lokhu kubhekwa ngokuphelele inadmissible kusukela amakhosi High Renaissance. Kodwa ekhipha amandla ingxenye, ukunyakaza ezingqubuzanayo ezaziyaluzisa imibala kanye imigqa okungokwakhe vele isigaba esisha ekuthuthukiseni umdwebo.

Ukubuka entsha at itulo zakudala

Omunye yobuciko eenkhulwini esidlule - Tintoretto mdwebo "The ukuthiwa iSidlo Sokugcina" - abhalwe 1592. Lokhu wokugcina umculi yezikhalazo indaba ethandwa, futhi kuba kuncipha sifana ekudalweni zakudala Yenguquko. Dynamic ithebula buka, okuyinto wayehlezi Kristu nabaphostoli bakhe, limelela umngcele kamoya kanye zangempela. Ongaphambili ligcwele imininingwane ngokuphelele yasemhlabeni nezinhlamvu, futhi izwe wasezulwini ukuboniswa ezingabonwayo kuze ejenti. ukukhanya Mystical wukukhanya iNkosi nabafundi bakhe, okuhlwanyelwe emkhathini isithombe okuthile abantu basemadolobheni abangavamile izibalo lemimoya. Bobabili imihlaba kuthiwa okwakuthandelene, ukudala imizwa emangalisayo.

Umdwebo by Tintoretto "I ukuthiwa iSidlo Sokugcina" abanye abacwaningi libhekisela entweni yokugcina, okubonisa izinga eliphezulu ubuciko bokubeka, ngesikhathi esifanayo sithwele izimpawu esikhulu kunazo zonke banomkhuba emsebenzini wakhe.

ezimbili self-portraits

Phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili edume kakhulu self-portraits kuyiso sonke ukuphila ye-master. Umdwebo ngo-1547, sibona friendly, amehlo cishe bathinteka ngomuntu omusha ngubani okuqaphelayo ithalente lakhe. Akazange akhulume, it has a umsebenzi ugqozi eside.

On self-portrait of 1588 - umculi Tintoretto, ogama imidwebo kuhlobisa eziningi zamakhosi Venice sika. Amehlo akhe angamalangabi namanje ndawo ndawo ibanga. Wayengumuntu kakhulu ukhathele, ayebhekane inkazimulo ukulahlekelwa. Ushiya ngasemuva, kodwa ishiya isithelo umzamo omkhulu futhi ugqozi okusezingeni eliphezulu - ukuhlakanipha nobuhle imidwebo yakhe.