Rembrandt futhi Vincent Van Gogh - abaculi enkulu Dutch

Netherlands - izwe elehlukile ukuthi wanika emhlabeni angaphezu kweshumi nambili abaculi oluvelele. Abaklami abadumile, abaculi kanye abadlali nje abanamakhono - nakhu uhlu encane, okungase ugabise ngalesi simo encane.

I zezimbali ubuciko Holland

art okwangempela ukuchuma okuqinisekile eyathatha isikhathi esifushane eHolland. Le nkathi ihlanganisa wonke XVII leminyaka, kodwa ngokwezinga ngokubaluleka kwayo idatha okuningi aphakeme nohlaka kwezenzakalo. abaculi Dutch wesikhathi babé yisibonelo isizukulwane esilandelayo abaculi. Ngakho ukuthi lawo mazwi awazange uzwakale okungenasisekelo, kuyafaneleka kokukhuluma amagama Rembrandt futhi Hals, Potter futhi Ruisdael, unomphela kwaqinisa isimo sayo njengomholi ziyinkosi okungenakuqhathaniswa izithombe namaqiniso.

omele ebaluleke kakhulu umdwebo lase ngo-Jan Vermeer. It ubhekwa umlingisi eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke endaweni kwempahla Umdwebo Dutch, njengoba waziwa esikhathini sakhe, wayelahlekelwe isithakazelo kumuntu wakhe esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu-. Mayelana nemininingwane oluchaza, omncane, eyaziwayo Vermeer, ikakhulukazi art umhlaziyi kucwaningwe indaba ngaye ngokubhekisisa Nokho ukutadisha imisebenzi yakhe, futhi kwakukhona ayinkimbinkimbi - umculi cishe akazange uphola imidwebo yakhe. I eyigugu kakhulu kusukela iphuzu yobuhle umbono ubhekwa umsebenzi uJan "incekukazi nge nojeke ubisi" futhi "Ntombazane ngohlamvu."

Ayikho ngaphansi ezidumile yinhlonipho abaculi abangu Hans Memling, Ieronim Boskh, ubuhlakani uJan van Eyck. Zonke abaculi ihlukanisa isikhalo yasekhaya uhlobo imidwebo, njengoba kubonakala kula namanje Lifes, namathafa ekumeni.

Umdwebo Dutch ushiye izibazi ukuthuthukiswa okwalandela yobuciko French engxenyeni kwekhulu XVII yesibili futhi uye waba yisibonelo namathafa enengqondo, ezenziwe Yempucuko. Hhayi ophucwa ukunakwa Dutch futhi Russian umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela abaculi. Singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi art Dutch wayeyithanda intuthuko yokumelwa kanye nokubambisana kuhlulekile ziboniswe kuwebhu ngayinye umculi ovelele ngubani ngesineke izifundo zemvelo.

Rembrandt futhi igalelo lakhe

Igama eliphelele umculi - Rembrandt Van Reyn. Wazalwa ku ekhumbulekayo 1606 emndenini sasivumela ochumayo ngalezo zinsuku. Njengoba ingane yesine, wayesalokhu athola imfundo enhle. Uyise wayefuna indodana yakhe iziqu zaseyunivesithi futhi waba ovelele, kodwa ayekulindele awazange agcwaliseke ngenxa intuthuko umfana ongaphakeme, futhi ngakho konke imizamo awulona ize, waphoqwa ukuba akhale umfana ukwamukela isifiso sakhe sokuba umculi.

Masters Rembrandt baba abaculi Dutch Jacob van Svanenbyurh no Pieter Lastman. Eyokuqala waba amakhono kunalokho Okuqukethwe akuzwakali in umdwebo, kodwa wakwazi ukunqoba inhlonipho ngobuntu bakhe, njengoba isikhathi eside e-Italy, ukwazisa kanye nokusebenza nge abaculi bendawo. Rembrandt lwalulude eduze James waya beyofuna uthisha e-Amsterdam. Kube wazihlanganisa imfundiso kuPetru Lastmanu, baba umeluleki wakhe kweqiniso. It wafundisa umfana ubuciko umbhalo, kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi kungaba ukugcina abantu besikhathi.

Njengoba kufakazelwa wizadi wenza ngamanani amakhulu, Rembrandt phathelana ngempela ezithathwe ukuma ngokuhlangenwe umculi ngo-1628. Ngesisekelo imidwebo yakhe walala noma yiziphi izinto abekade azihlukile nobuso nemizimba yabantu. Kucoca ekumeni abaculi Dutch, ingasaphathwa igama Rembrandt, ubani nge iminyaka yakhe abasha eyaduma ithalente emangalisayo kule nsimu. Wabhala eziningi self-portraits, ekumeni of uyise nonina, ngubani manje zigcinwa zemibukiso.

Rembrandt ngokushesha kuyanda e-Amsterdam, kodwa ayigcini ekuthuthukiseni. Eminyakeni 30 kwekhulu XVII, wadala yobuciko yakhe edumile ethi "Isifundo Anatomy", "i-Portrait Koppenolya". Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi ngenkathi Rembrandt ashade Sachs enhle, futhi isikhathi evundile nenala enkazimulweni iqala ekuphileni kwakhe. I abasha Saxons baba kushukumisa umculi futhi kungukuthi komculo kwesinye isithombe, Nokho, njengoba kufakazelwa a baxgeki, izici zakhe zitholakala kaningi kwezinye eni of the master.

Washona ngo ubumpofu, ngaphandle ukulahlekelwa zitholwa kuye ngesikhathi abaqaphela esaphila. yobuciko wakhe basuke bagxila wonke zemibukiso ezinkulu emhlabeni. Ingabizwa kufanele ngokuthi okuyinhloko, omsebenzi wakhe kuyinto zamagama abo bonke Umdwebo medieval enengqondo. Ngokomthetho, umsebenzi wakhe akakwazi ngokuthi ekahle, njengoba hhayi nokujaha ukwethembeka yokwakha design. I isici esibaluleke kunazo ubuciko, sikwenza kube ivelele phakathi izikole mdwebo umdlalo kwakhe okungenakuqhathaniswa obangelwa ukukhanya nethunzi.

Vincent Van Gogh - amagugu brilliant

Ukuzwa le nkulumo ethi "abaculi enkulu Dutch," abantu abaningi ngokushesha ukudweba ekhanda lami umfanekiso Vincent Van Gogh, izithombe zakhe kwesithathu amahle kanye namanzi, okuye baziswa kwaze kwaba ngemva kokufa kwakhe.

Lo muntu angase abizwe ngokuthi eyingqayizivele ubuntu bayo uhlobo brilliant. Njengoba indodana yakhe ungumfundisi, van Gogh, efana umfowabo, waya ezinyathelweni zikayise. Vincent imfundo yezenkolo kanye kwaba ngisho umshumayeli edolobheni laseBelgium Borinage. Ngenxa yomsebenzi sakhe njenge-ejenti ikhomishini futhi ezihlukahlukene travel. Nokho, inkonzo epherishi kanye sisondelene yabavukuzi nitty-band kwavuselelwa e geniuses abasha umuzwa wangaphakathi nabulungisa. Daily ubhekisisa impilo yasendle kanye nabantu abasebenza, Vincent kwaba eliphefumulelwe ukuze waqala ukudweba.

abaculi Dutch baziwa kakhulu ekumeni kwakhe kanye namathafa. Mina yayiphumula futhi Vincent Van Gogh. Ukuze wamashumi amathathu yakhe uwisa konke nekucala ahileleke kakhulu umdwebo. Isikhathi zabona ukudalwa kwemisebenzi abadumile yakhe "Potato Ekudleni", "ongumlimi Owesifazane". Yonke imisebenzi yakhe igcwele uzwela bahlanya abantu abavamile, abazibonelela lonke lelo zwe, kodwa angisakwazi bondle imindeni yabo.

kamuva Vincent ethunyelwe Paris, futhi yilokho esigxila kukho lapho umsebenzi wakhe Kuthi ezahlukene. Kunezindlela izihloko matasa futhi entsha ngoba uzwela. yokuphila Liwubala nomshado nesifebe, futhi ezindla art yakhe, olubonakala ngokusobala ifilimu "Ebusuku Cafe", "Hamba iziboshwa."

Ubungane Gauguin

Kusukela 1886, van Gogh waba nesithakazelo ekutadisheni Impressionist Plain air umdwebo bese bebonisa isithakazelo mikhondo Japanese. Yingaleso kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngemisebenzi umdwebi sika abukwa izici Gauguin futhi Toulouse-Lautrec. Lokhu kubonakala isimo umbala zazihlangana ezindlini zokushintshela endaweni ukudluliselwa ngokuyinhloko. Imisebenzi ziqala ukuba linqobe swabs elihlale ophuzi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka "sheen". I imidwebo kuqala imibala isici babe "Ibhuloho phezu Seine" futhi "Portrait of uPère Tanguy." dazzles Kugcine nge ukukhanya yayo nemivimbo ngokugqamile.

Ubungane phakathi Gauguin futhi Van Gogh egqoka ukuhlanganisa: basuke Okusizayo ukuthonywa umsebenzi komunye nomunye, nakuba esetshenziswa amathuluzi ehlukene bayaxoxa, izipho ngenkuthalo benana ngesimo imidwebo yakhe siqu ngokuzikhandla siqophisane. Umehluko phakathi izinhlamvu, isikhundla engaqinisekile kaVincent, owayekholelwa ukuthi indawo brushwork zayo 'ingenacala yasemaphandleni bestial ", emenza lwendaba. Ngandlela-thile, Gauguin kwaba ngaphezulu phansi emhlabeni umuntu kuneminikelo, en Gogh. Passion ebuhlotsheni babo siphakamisele kangangokuthi ngolunye usuku baphikisana ngaso amathilomu abawuthandayo futhi Vincent waphonsa ingilazi Absinthe Gauguin sika. Ukuxabana akuphelanga kule, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo, elandelwa uchungechunge eside yokumangalelwa bebheke Gauguin, lowo ngokusho Van Gogh, inecala zonke izono obulalayo. Kwakusekuqaleni ukuphela kwendaba le umDashi wathukuthela ngakho futhi ecindezelekile ukuthi wayinquma indlebe ucezu, yena onomusa wathatha njengesipho yisifebe.

abaculi Dutch, kungakhathaliseki ubudala yezimpilo zabo, baye bazibonakalisa ukuthi ngokuphindaphindiwe isitayela umphakathi walo olungenakuqhathaniswa sikhuthazele zikhathi zokuphila ku-canvas. Kodwa mhlawumbe akekho emhlabeni asisoze nanini sakufanelekela isimo sokukhuluma esithi 'ubuhlakani, ngaphandle banezimfanelo umqondo kancane ubuciko umdwebo, ukwakha ukwakheka kanye izindlela yokudlulisela kwezobuciko. Vincent Van Gogh kuyinto izipho eyingqayizivele yemvelo, okuyinto uye wakwazi ukufeza sibonga ukuqashelwa international ukuze ukuphikelela kwakhe, ukuzwakala kwengqondo ukoma ngokweqile ukuphila.