Kildin Island. I uBarents Sea. Lake Mogilnoye ku Kildin Island

Belusizi idwala omkhulu, ezinde phezu uBarents Sea, Kildin isiqhingi - eyimfihlakalo Amazing nemvelo. Kule ndawo zonke engavamile, ovela kwabakhileyo, amagama, umlando ukuthuthukiswa zabantu kuya komhlaba, landscape echibini Mogilnoye.

Indawo isiqhingi

Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yoLwandle uBarents, eyayiqhele ngamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka uphume lo Kola Bay kuyinto Kildin. I elibuhlungu inqwaba itshe elise empambana khona imizila emikhulu kolwandle, ushiya kusukela Murmansk. Omunye wabo egcina eScandinavia eYurophu, kwesibili - kuya White Sea. Kuyinto isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke, bazinza eduze Murmansk coast, is nhlangothi zombili yi Peninsula Kola.

Isiqhingi umlando

Ngo 1809, freebooters IsiZulu namaqaba womele igazi uxoshe esiqhingini Kildin kunalokho ikamu, esekelwe ithafa yayo elinamagquma. endaweni eyayicekeleke phansi kuvuliwe isikhathi eside ogwadule endaweni zasendle. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lo nocezu esiqhingini kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga, ethekwini, iCape futhi echibini ebizwa ngegama layo - Grave. Ekhulwini XIX, thina bezazisa wokuvelela ukuthuthukiswa project amawa nokhahlo, siqhingi wayebe muzi. Nokho, into enjalo kwenzeka.

Mina ixazululwe esiqhingini ambalwa abasha Eriksen Norwegian. izizukulwane Abathathu Eriksen umndeni isiyonke ukuthi baphila isikhathi eside esiqhingini iminyaka engaba ngu-60. Ngesikhathi kwekhulu XX iziphathimandla lesifunda wahlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa Kildin ingqalasizinda, isamba ehloniphekile-mali.

Esikhathini esifanayo lapho baye bathola yisiphephelo Social Democrats, obonisa abadobi. Babesebenzisa Kildin esiqhingini njengoba iphuzu yezokuthutha. Balethwa lapha ngokungemthetho ezincwadini kwabezombusazwe eNorway, okuhloswe ukuba kuthunyelwe Arkhangelsk.

Uhulumeni abasha Soviet uhlaziyo ngentshiseko ekuthuthukiseni ithafa enamadwala. Esikhathini esifushane ke oluwela amabhizinisi aqine. Kube indawo yokudoba ama cooperatives, iodine isitshalo, Pestsovoye noboya amapulazi kanye nezinye izinhlangano. Ngaphambi kwempi bonke abakhileyo esezinzile Murmansk esifundeni. Eriksen umndeni becindezela. Lesi siqhingi saba isikhungo lempi zamasu.

Impi inkathi siqhingi wayemiselwe ukuba kuze kube 90-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. insimu yalo ifakwe observation okuthunyelwe, amaphuzu contact, emoyeni ukuzivikela missile izinhlelo, iposi emngceleni. It Iyomisa amabhethri zasolwandle, ama-missile ibutho, anakekela ukudalwa ingqalasizinda ezifanele.

Namuhla, nedlanzana izakhamizi kodwa inani elincane insiza lempi hlala Kildin Island. Photo isibonisi ebukeka zakhe zinzima ezenziwe umuntu, expanses eyihlane yezinsalela elihluphayo ka bemibuso wangaphambili - imishini enamandla lempi, Izakhiwo zamahhovisi izakhiwo zokuhlala.

Incazelo isiqhingi

Ngokusho isakhiwo Geological yalesi siqhingi Kildin cishe ngokungafani ezwekazini. sezwe salo sehluke kakhulu kulokho ivuliwe yonke iNhlonhlo Kola. He is izintaba, nemithambeka mnene ukuthi kukhona lapha nalaphaya flecked moss notshani. Kusukela entshonalanga futhi olusenyakatho emaweni yaso ephezulu azimele. Olusenyakatho kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga, anda kuleliya ukuphakama.

Ezansi a canyon ezijulile, owathatha ingxenye endaweni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga, emfudlaneni ageleza. On iziqongo emaweni wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi ehlukahlukene nezimpophoma. Ngo oluseningizimu-mpumalanga yalesi siqhingi iphahlazeka bay elula. Ihamba, kokuba angene bay sepulchral ngokuqinile ebhange Anchorage.

UBarents eviyweni, kokuvula bay Grave ngo-1594, bayitshaya kwimephu. Izinceku Isigodlo Solovetsky eningizimu-mpumalanga ogwini zokudoba equkethwe emakhulwini amabili (17-18 eminyaka). Vele empumalanga Bay amanga echibini Mogilnoye.

Biota

Esiqhingini iyikhaya kwezinhlobo eziningi izinyoni, phakathi lapho yilezo ahlelwe njengoba ezisengcupheni. Ama-seagull, buzzards, goose, amadada izikhova polar owakhiwe esiqhingini Kildin. I uBarents Sea - indawo yemvelo amahlengethwa, imikhomo beluga killer nama. Kuyo atholakala Shoals of inhlanzi, i-cod, i-halibut futhi eyikati. On emikhawulweni uhlele uphawu rookeries nezimpawu. Ngo amanzi emifuleni Zarubihi, Tipanovki futhi Klimovka wafiphaza salmon, ama-salmon nama-Isakare Arctic.

On Kildin ukuhlangabezana onogwaja, izimpungushe kanye amabhere ansundu. On amazwe akhe ezikhulayo sendawo - impande yegolide (Rhodiola rosea). Uma uthi nhlá, kubonakala sengathi imithi ku ithafa inamagquma lingekho. Kodwa kuwufanele okuseduzane - wazibona njengoba phakathi utshani umugqa engapheli ngilulekela nenkani yemifino birch, okufakwe lapha nge Clumps willow iqhakaza ngokulambisa ukunweba kuphakeme kwedolo.

echibini Mogilnoye

eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule esiqhingini wawuyingxenye engavamile relict echibini. kwakhiwa echibini abahlukile ku Kildin Isiqhingi is by izingqimba eziningana amanzi. Ngezansi ungqimba - zone efile nazo zonke kokubhubhisa-hydrogen sulfide. Top - umthombo wamanzi amasha. Ingxenye phakathi kwesigubhu ligcwele amanzi anosawoti bese zezinto eziphila emanzini. Isendlalelo phakathi kwaba abode zezinyoni ezingavamile sendawo, inhlanzi soguquko lwegciwane singalawuleka - Kildin cod, ngaphansi kwesivikelo Red Encwadi WaseRussia.

Phakathi eziphakathi nendawo sulfide usawoti, "phansi" kuyinto ungqimba - amanzi, obudaywe cherry umbala. It amagciwane onsomi akha - bukhoma isithiyo eliqinile ngakho iyakwazi ukugcina futhi zimunce gas ezibulalayo. Uma ngokungazelelwe amabhaktheriya kuzonyamalala echibini, hydrogen sulfide ne uzoqala avuke phakathi izingqimba engenhla, turning Echibini endaweni ungahlalwa muntu.

Abahlukile emhlabeni isikhundla Echibini okusho engenakuqhathaniswa, nakuba ukubalwa phakathi federal izikhumbuzo zemvelo, imisebenzi yokuvikela imvelo ivikelekile kushiya okuningi okufanele oyifunayo. Ngokusho ososayensi, Kildin Island, Lake Mogilnoye - endaweni yemvelo esifuze ufanelwe ukuqashelwa, ukunakekelwa kanye ucwaningo olwengeziwe.

Izici echibini

Leli chibi relict ezikhathini zasendulo kwakuwukuthi cishe ingxenye enkulu yoLwandle uBarents. Yasungulwa ngenxa yokuthi ulwandle Shores up. Amanzi ngobuso endaweni 96000 ^m2. Ekugcineni safinyelela 560, ububanzi 280 amamitha. I kwechibi ukujula ngamanzi esobala oluhlaza iya 17 amamitha.

ibhalansi Hydrochemical phakathi ungqimba fresh futhi usawoti inakekelwa ngenxa yokuthi amanzi seeping kusukela oLwandle uBarents ngokusebenzisa Isthmus of umhlaba, ahlukaniswe echibini olwandle. Umphini ububanzi - 70, ukuphakama - 5.5 amamitha. I engenhla ungqimba aqueous e 5 amamitha ukujula desalinate kakhulu ebusweni inhlabathi.

Leli chibi lwabelwe izingxenye ezine zehlukene degree of usawoti. Izakhamuzi Water akha izingqimba ezintathu zokuqala. Atholakala fresh ungqimba rotifers futhi copepods. amanzi Marine zihlala jellyfish, ezinamagobolondo futhi ulwandle cod. Ngo silnosolenoy amanzi ixazululwe amagciwane onsomi, ngokushesha ukukhulula hydrogen sulfide kule aphansi ezingaphili "phansi" kwesigubhu.