Izinhlobo ukopha, usizo lokuqala for ukopha. Okufanele ukwenze uma ukopha

Misa ukopha - ngokuyinhloko ekuzilolongeni abafundisi bathi ukunikezwa usizo lokuqala for ukulimala nezingozi. Yiziphi izinhlobo kuthiwa ukopha futhi usizo lokuqala for kubo - yilokho kuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

izinhlobo ukopha

Ukuze uqale nge, yini ukopha futhi kuyingozi kanjani. Kwezokwelapha ziye zakhomba eziningi ngeengaba. Kulokhu, ajwayelekile kubo bonke ngopha ingalo olimele noma umlenze - nje uma ekhethekile.

Izinhlobo ukopha. Usizo lokuqala for ukopha incike uhlobo olunjani lomkhumbi okulimele, kanjani futhi kuphi ukopha okukhulu.

Ukuhlukaniswa esikhundleni outflow igazi:

• ongaphandle;
• ingaphakathi.

Ukwahlukana ngohlobo izitsha lilimele:

• emithambo yegazi;
• igazi;
• capillary;
• parenchymal;
• okuxubile.

Ngokusho uhlobo inqubo ezibangele ukopha:

• Kwenhlekelele;
• sokugembula.

Ngokusho kobukhulu:

• ukukhanya - 500 ml;
• isilinganiso - kuya ku-1 l;
• esindayo - 1.5 l;
• omkhulu - 2.5 l;
• ezibulalayo - kuze kufinyelele 3 amalitha (okungukuthi 50-60% wezindleko igazi ivolumu);
• ngokuphelele ezibulalayo: 3 kuya 3.5 amalitha (inani 60%).

Ezinganeni ezincane kubhekwa yingozi ukopha 250 ml.

izimpawu ezivamile ukopha

Endabeni ukulahlekelwa igazi avele izici ezivamile:

• ishayela ababuthakathaka;
• palpitations inhliziyo;
• isiyezi;
• ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi;
• ekuqulekeni.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, sibangelwa ukushaqeka hypovolemic okubangelwa ukwehla inani legazi embhedeni semithambo, futhi ukungabi kwegazi izitho ezibalulekile oxygen.

Izindlela ukusiza nge ukopha yangaphandle

Lapho ukuhlinzeka usizo lokuqala ukusebenzisa okuthiwa izindlela yesikhashana kokuma. Kuye yiziphi izinhlobo ukopha, usizo lokuqala for ukopha kungafaka amathekhiniki alandelako.

• Tourniquet. Sebenzisa band zenjoloba. It isetshenziswa uma umonakalo kwemithambo yegazi eyinhloko nemilenze noma ukopha olubanzi akagcini ezinye izindlela. Umjikelezo wokuqala abeke Friend, ngamasentimitha ambalwa ngaphezu indawo ebangela ukopha. Ngaphansi tourniquet buyela ngendwangu ukuze hhayi ukulimaza esitho. I ohlobo elandelayo nokwenzayo nge ukungezwani ubuncane, ulungise wiring, ukuyishiya endaweni egqamile. Zifakwe inothi ekhombisa isikhathi - awukwazi phusha Umthambo isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-2.
• Ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo donsa noma uma umonakalo ezindaweni ezicezile, Umthambo occluded, ngokucindezela isithupha noma wangishaya ukuze udumo bony ngenhla isayithi ukulimala.
• Ubuningi ukugoba esitho occluded isitsha. Kulokhu, beka goba walala umcamelo Indwangu, ngebhandeshi noma cylindrical into encane ngenxa yokucinana kangcono.
• Ngu endaweni ezilimele sisetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa ice izicubu ukuba abangele constriction imithambo yegazi.
• Swab futhi ngebhandeshi compressive isicelo ukopha ezincane. THE TAMPON is wetted uma kunesidingo ngamanzi abandayo, isixazululo of 3% i-hydrogen peroxide noma usebenzise isipanji hemostatic. Lapho elifakwe amabhandeshi igazi abeke omusha phezu ubudala.

Uma kunezinhlobo sina ukopha, usizo lokuqala kufanele kuhlinzekwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukulandisa kuqhubeka umzuzu. Kanjani ukuze uqonde ukuthi isimo esiyingozi? Ukuze lokhu kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa zenye kusuka kwenye ukopha.

lwemithambo

Ukulimala imithambo okubangela ukopha enobungozi. Usizo lokuqala for opha esibuthakathaka ezinkulu icindezelwa ngokumelene flexion Umthambo umunwe esinye sezitho zomzimba wakho noma tourniquet. Uma izinyathelo zosizo ziyiqiniso, ukopha liphela ngaso leso sikhathi lapho ithambo tourniquet ngezansi isayithi akulutho iba abandayo.

Uma kwenzeka umonakalo imithambo ukufa kusuka ukopha angenzeka hlangana 10 - 15 imizuzu. Endabeni ka umonakalo we carotid futhi femoral Umthambo is isikhathi sesinciphile. Indlela ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemithambo yegazi ukopha? Igazi kuxhopha-njengegazi, kulandela ukusakaza eqinile Ukwedlula.

emithambo yegazi

ukopha emithambo yegazi: usizo lokuqala, izinhlobo zesifo izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokunqanda umfula kusuka olandelayo.

• Igazi abe amnyama cherry imibala, kusobala kwakuye kwancipha okuqhubekayo noma ezimhloshana eziyinhlaka.
• With ebanzi umonakalo futhi bleedings omkhulu isicelo amahanisi, kwezinye izimo kwanele ukuze agobe umlenze noma ukuphoqelela ngebhandeshi ingcindezi.

capillary

Capillary ukopha, usizo lokuqala ukopha, izinhlobo usizo lokuqala pohozhina labo emithambo yegazi.

• Igazi oozing kusukela isilonda, hlangothi umbala obomvu.
• Indlela ukumisa - ngebhandeshi compressive, abandayo, tamponade.

ukulimala Umhlinzi okunjalo kuyingozi kuphela uma ukopha zangaphakathi noma simpofu igazi ekunqandeni.

umongozima

kuphakama Pathology yezifo ezihlukahlukene letindzala, ukuhlukumezeka, imfiva, ukuguliswa yilanga, overvoltage, iziyaluyalu kwegazi, izifo kanye zamehlo ingaphakathi acinene. Mhlawumbe nge ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka abantwana abancane futhi intsha ngesikhathi ukushintsha kwama-hormone emzimbeni.

Uma othile umongozima, usizo lokuqala for ukopha, izinhlobo nezindlela ukuyeka ukulandela.

• ukuphefumula kuphela ngomlomo.
• Musa ukugwinya igazi.
• Ncinza emakhaleni for 5-10 imizuzu.
• Nibeke cindezela ebandayo ekhaleni, ngemuva ekhanda.
• Ngomusa wafaka ekhaleni vatku, oswakanyiswe isixazululo of 3% i-hydrogen peroxide.

Ngo ukusetshenziswa cindezela abandayo pads ukugcina ikhanda lakho kancane esincane sokutakula isimo. Kwezinye izimo, kancane esitshekile, ukuze igazi sasivela ekhaleni bakhe futhi akazange angene emphinjeni.

Uma unganqamuki umangozima emizuzwini engu-15, shayela i-ambulense.

ukopha zangaphakathi

Izinhlobo ukopha, usizo lokuqala for ukopha umzimba izimbotshana yangaphakathi, izimpawu zabo.

• Igazi lingena emaphashini - okubangela edema yamaphaphu, ukukhwehlela igazi. Lapho ukopha phakathi komgodi pleural - iphika ngenxa yokucinana yamaphaphu. Yisisulu ukunikeza isikhundla Isigamu-oqotho, imilenze bent, amadolo ngaphansi roller underlay.
• Lapho igazi ligeleze komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu kukhona izimpawu ezivamile ukopha, ubuhlungu besisu. Isikhundla isisulu - elele emhlane wakhe, imilenze ibheke ngesikhathi.
• Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, indawo ukopha okuhloswe ukubeka ice, ekuhlanzeni umoya ngokwanele fresh. Hlala namanje abathintekayo.
• Uma igazi avuzayo ku ukuvuvukala muscle hematoma kwakhiwa.

Zonke amacala ukopha zangaphakathi zidinga esibhedlela ngokushesha.

lesizalo ukopha

Imihlobo ehlukeneko ukopha futhi usizo lokuqala in iziyaluyalu kohlelo okuzala ka umzimba female kudinga bezokwelapha abanekhono. Kwesibeletho lilungelo leliphelele nemithambo yegazi kanye nigweme ukusaphaza ngisho simple. Lokhu kudinga ukwethulwa izidakamizwa kokungenela ngokuvamile kuhlinzwa.

Lesizalo ukopha zingenzeka izinqubo ukuvuvukala futhi esiwohlozayo esibelethweni, ukuphazamiseka kwama-hormone, ukukhulelwa.

ukuhlinzekela izinyathelo zokuqala zosizo:

• Thatha isikhundla ezithandwa, imilenze waphakamisa, esakhiwe ngaphansi komcamelo yabo.
• Nigqoke iphakethe isisu ice noma imvaba ngamanzi abandayo ngokusebenzisa indwangu. Gcina ice imizuzu 10-15 ke ukuthatha ikhefu amaminithi awu 5. Vele ukugcina abandayo amahora mayelana 1-2.
• Ukuze ubuyise ukopha Kunconywa ukuba phuza.

Ezimweni inkambu usizo olubalulekile kakhulu lokuqala ukopha. imithi Extreme kuhilela okuhlinzeka izikhungo zokunakekela abanekhono endaweni lapho akunakwenzeka ukuba ngokushesha afune usizo lwezokwelapha. Uma uhlela izintaba, nemidlalo ehlukahlukene, ukuzingela, ukudoba kufanele zingatholakali kuzo isethi kufinyeleleke ubuncane kwemithi - lokuqala zosizo. Ukuze nigweme ukusaphaza lidinga tourniquet, amabhandishi, izibulali-magciwane. amaphesenti amathathu isixazululo-hydrogen peroxide ahlanze hhayi kuphela isilonda, kodwa futhi neqhaza ukuze kunqandwe ukopha. Cindezela izitsha esitho angasebenzisa izindlela ususondele; x ahlanzekile / indwangu kakotini, iduku, isikhafu, ibhande, izingubo. Kunalokho amahanisi ungakwazi abeke twist, usebenzisa strip sendwangu bese induku.

Kunoma yikuphi, lapho ukopha kwenzeka, kufanele abone uhlobo yayo futhi zaba namandla, uma kunesidingo, phusha isithupha nokulungisa isitsha kokumisa ukopha. Ukuze balimale kanzima isisulu ukuletha emtholampilo bese esibhedlela. Ethembele uchwepheshe usizo lwezokwelapha, kumele ube nolwazi olwanele ukuze, uma kudingekile, usizakale obathandayo. Empeleni, kwezinye izimo, ambulensi ufike ngamahora ambalwa nje, futhi ngezinye izikhathi une ukuthatha isisulu waya edolobheni eliseduze bebodwa.