Izindatshana azibhala - ukuthi ... indatshana kaGeorge. indatshana zefilosofi

Amapheshana - a setfulo yesayensi, yenkolo noma yefilosofi, okuyinto incazelo yezilungiselelo ethile noma indaba ephathwayo, futhi kukhona ingxoxo yenkinga futhi ube esefika esiphethweni esinengqondo. Ezinye izibonelo akuholele ukuqonda kangcono.

Works of Archimedes

Izindatshana azibhala Scientific kukhona ososayensi. Ngokwesibonelo, Archimedes wabhala imisebenzi eminingi enjalo. Njengoba indlela usosayensi ukuze izinkinga ezingokomzimba? Wayelethwa wacasulwa esiqinile, nakuba ubufakazi linesizotha. Ngakho, singasho ukuthi Archimedes unguyise physics zezibalo. Imisebenzi yakhe "Ngo Ngemizimba Floating" futhi "On the yakhoibrium ngendiza izibalo" bazinikele kuye. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana indatshana okukhulu ku yokukhanya ngokuthi "Catoptrics", ngeshwa akuzange ngasinda. Ngo umsebenzi "On the yakhoibrium ngendiza izibalo" kufaka phakathi ulwazi enokwehla aziwa Archimedes ngaphambili. Basitshela ukuthi ukudla okuqinile. Lokhu usosayensi Imininingwane uchazwa ngokuthi postulates, ngamanye amazwi, lo axioms. Imiphumela etholakale lapho, Archimedes wazibonakalisa njalo, kanjalo zakha isimiso Umbono ophathelene no-maphakathi gravity. Usosayensi wabuye wanikeza izibonelo. He bala maphakathi gravity zonke izinhlobo izinto flat.

I indatshana "On imizimba ezintantayo"

Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa indatshana "Ngo Floating Ngemizimba" Archimedes akuloba kwelanga imisebenzi yabo, futhi amanye aze ngisho bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa umsebenzi wakhe yakamuva. Lo msebenzi uvezwa imiqulu emibili. Encwadini yokuqala usosayensi, bekholelwa ukuthi khulula kwamanzi uyindilinga, uchungechunge uhlola ezithinta ugxumele kuwo izinto eziqinile, futhi kudala umthetho wakhe odumile, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku okulotshwe zesikole. Yena inamathela ukubaluleka okukhulu. , Shono ngoba kubhekwa umthetho wemvelo eminingi yasendulo. Indlela inkinga lo mbhalo isalokhu injalo: kokuchitha observation abanye, usosayensi kudala imodeli emanzini, sibonga ngalo uthola uhlu imiphumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho kubonisa ngokubathayipha ngokulandelana. Umqulu wesibili ka-Archimedes, sizitshele ukuthi umuntu kwamanzi uyisicaba, ubonisa isimiso isinyathelo hydrometer. Yini elandelayo? Abacwaningi ke sixoxa izinto isimo yakhoibrium ezibumbeke njengebholo ingxenye ethile paraboloid futhi emanzini. Ukucabanga of Archimedes futhi namuhla ongowenani elikhulu ngoba shipbuilding.

imisebenzi Famous Aristotle

Aristotle wadala lokuqala emlandweni indatshana zefilosofi emphefumulweni. Indlela kubizwa ngokuthini? Kakhulu nje: "Ngo umphefumulo". Lokhu indzaba inikeza hhayi kuphela umcabango Aristotle. Ekuqaleni kukhona ukuphikisana ngemisebe umphefumulo okuqondene usosayensi owayehlala futhi esebenzela ngaphambili, futhi kuphela ke kuveza ukubukwa siqu umbhali. Ngakho, lo mbhalo angabhekwa umsebenzi historiographical wokuqala emhlabeni, ezithinta indawo Psychology nefilosofi. Umxhwele, akunjalo?

Ifomu kanye Matter

Kwenqondo usosayensi umqondo eyathinta kakhulu nemibono yakhe jikelele zefilosofi ephathelene ifomu bese ndaba. Ungase uthi ngisho ukuthi kwakubangelwa kubo. Ukuze siqonde lesayensi nokuthuthuka kwezwe ayedabula kuhlangana okuqhubekayo izimiso ezimbili - esebenzayo, okuyinto Aristotle ngokuthi ifomu, futhi yokwenziwa, ngokuthi ndaba. Uyini zakamuva? Yebo, mhlawumbe, konke ezungeze abantu ngokwabo kanye. kwakheka into ngayinye ethile nto by ukuma eye ukuhlela ikhono. Futhi ngokusebenzisa into yakhe ozuza definition qualitative. Ifomu kanye ndaba bengayi co-iyaqhubeka kuphela. Lezi zimiso bangamathe nolimi. Umphefumulo ifomu. Itholakala zonke izinto eziphilayo. Aristotle wayeqiniseka lokhu. Kokuqamba isazi ifomu nezinto ezidaliwe, futhi umphefumulo okungokukaNkulunkulu zonke izinto eziphilayo, has a uhlu imiphumela ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Udinga ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuze ngazo, ngokufunda indatshana emphefumulweni. Ngokujwayelekile, kufanele kube ukuzama ukuqonda konke ayekusho.

Uyini umphefumulo?

U-Aristotle wayekholelwa ukuthi umphefumulo ayikwazi kubhekwe noma isimo primordial, noma lotimele behlukanisiwe mkhuba. Yini lokho? Soul - kuyinto ephilayo, isimiso esebenzayo ebiyelwe asendabeni igobolondo, ukuma, kodwa azikwazi imelelwa ejenti azimele noma emzimbeni.

Kamasutra - enye indatshana abadumile

Ngokuqinisekile wonke umuntu babezwile okungenani kancane mayelana indatshana adumile "Kama Sutra." Nokho, akubona bonke bazi ukuthi ukuhumusha wangempela lo mbhalo lincane kakhulu. Abakwazi kwalindelwa iminwe. By the way, amapheshana efanayo - ngokuvamisile siyindlala omkhulu, futhi lo msebenzi kungaba kubhekwe esiyingqayizivele.

Umsebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi

Eqinisweni, i-Kama Sutra - umsebenzi omkhulu, esiza abacwaningi abaningi ukutadisha umlando Indian lasendulo. Kule umsebenzi sizwisise lokho kulelizwe yayibuswa amasiko, mores okwakukhona ejwayelekile kweningi labantu, ungafunda okuningi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi njengamanje Kama Sutra kungenziwa ziyimisebenzi eziwusizo kakhulu. Dlula enkulungwaneni, kodwa izinkinga nesikhathi sokuzonda, ubudlelwano phakathi kobulili uyaqhubeka ukuze kungene okusezingqondweni zabantu abaningi. Kubonakala sengathi ekhulwini lidlule like imizuzwana, futhi Psychology womuntu ayikashintshi. Abantu nje ukuthandana, ubulili, ukuhlupheka, ukuqabulana, waphupha of usuku, ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule.

Lokhu indatshana ekhuluma ngothando, abhalwe temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, kodwa isiphetho okwethulwa ifomu vesi - okuyinto ejwayelekile zakudala usayizi sloka.

isethulo izici

Yini engase ishiwo isitayela lo msebenzi? Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isenzo onomfutho, minimalist, lingaphumi, avalele izinkanyezi izingathekiso agqamile inkulumo isikhathi eside. Lokhu isitayela kwaba sutras ejwayelekile, ngezinye izikhathi ungase ubone ukuthi unakho ezinye izici ezifanayo ukuba Bhashya (okuthiwa amazwana Indian lasendulo), ngakho-ke abakwazi ukushayelwa ezithakazelisayo futhi original. By the way, izinto ezintsha kanye nokufuna okwakhe futhi akuyona imfuneko ngoba ukudalwa umsebenzi. Amapheshana - akusiwona into yokuqala kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Umbhalo usukela isiphakamiso nominative. Ngokuvamile, lokhu msebenzi lelandzisako, lapho kungabonwa ivame ukuthambekela oyifunayo. Ukusebenzisa amagama ngokuphawulekayo lo mbhalo? On ke ungasho izinto ezinhle kuphela: imigomo asetshenziswa embhalweni eqondile kakhulu futhi akuyona misleadingly, futhi uma oyedwa yethulwa futhi wachaza umqondo omusha ezinye, kulapho-ke izosetshenziswa kuphela kuleli cala. Nokho, e-indatshana kukhona amazwi amaningi, omqondofana, anikeza eyibhalela ubuhle othile.

indatshana kaGeorge

Kukhona futhi azibhala inqubomgomo. Empeleni, lokhu akuyona into engavamile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa indatshana eSt George sika. Yini indaba yakhe?

Julayi 24, 1783 basayine incwadi irakli II, iyinkosi Kakheti futhi Kartli, ibona ukuvikelwa negunya yeRussia. Kwathi enqabeni St George. Ngaphansi kwalesi sivumelwano, irakli II, inkosi Georgia, wavuma ukuvikelwa wezwe lakithi futhi wathembisa ukuthi wayengeke ukuqhuba inqubomgomo angaphandle ngokuzimela. Ibutho lakhe kusukela kwangaleso sikhathi okungewakho Russia. Ngokuqondene Umbusikazi uCatherine II, wenza isithembiso yalethwa izinto ezibonakalayo yenkosi uzogcinwa ungaphazanyiswa, futhi Georgia kuzoxoxwa ezizimele, kodwa uyalondeka. Ngemva ukusayinwa iSivumelwano St George amazwe heterodox, okungukuthi eTurkey Iran, baye lwentiwe izifiso zabo. Bayeka shazi okuzingela at Eastern Georgia. Izindatshana azibhala okunjalo - kungcono nje ube yinsindiso kwamanye amazwe.

izenzakalo zomlando ezenzeka ngemva ukusayinwa indatshana

Ngemva ukusayinwa inkontileka senzeka eziningi nezenzakalo ezingokomlando ezibalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, PS Potemkin ngaphambilini badedele Georgian Military Highway ukuxhumana ezweni Trust. By the way, sasiqhutshelwa ku pass esiphambanweni. Umgwaqo, lapho ayesebenzela amabutho 800 wayesekulungele kudala njengoba 1783, ekwindla. Ngokushesha isikhulu ke waya Tiflis. Ukuze uvikele umgwaqo kusukela ingush ukuhlaselwa ngo-1784 ngaphansi kwegama eVladikavkaz inqaba lakhiwa. Kepha-Ossetia kunabamemezeli kwaba ingxenye yezwe lethu.

Ngo-1791, i-Russia waphoqelela Turkey ayisekho ufanelekele Georgia. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi-ke kwadingeka ukuba kwenzeke. Lokhu kwethulwa njengendlela isimo ngokusayinda Iasi indatshana ngemva kwempi phakathi Turkey neRussia.

Abanye ababusi Transcaucasia wayezazisa isenzo irakli II. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baye banquma ukuba silingise isibonelo sakhe. Ngo 1783, ababusi Armenia becele ukuvikelwa Russia. Futhi ngokushesha West Georgia isinyathelo efanayo. Kwakungenxa 1801.

Lokhu indatshana zezombusazwe unendima ekhethekile umlando Georgia, ngoba kwaba ngemva ukusayina kwalo baganiselana Russia. Kwakusho kakhulu naye. Yathandwa ivikelwe hhayi kuphela ngokuya ukwenza izinhlangano zamasiko nezombusazwe, kodwa futhi engokoqobo, ngokomzimba.