Iyiphi indlu eyakhiwe kusuka? Izinto zokwakha

Indlu ngayinye ibonisa ukunambitheka komuntu ngabanikazi. Kukhona abalandeli bezindonga zezitini, omunye amaphupho endlu yasemaphandleni amahlanu, kwezinye izindawo, ukwakhiwa kwenqaba yangempela yamatshe kuba incazelo yawo yonke impilo. Ukukhethwa kwempahla, okungukuthi, yalokho indlu eyakhelwe khona, kuyonquma yonke inkambo yokwakhiwa.

Izindlu ezenziwe ngamatshe

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezenziwe ngamatshe kusho ukuthi uhla olubanzi lwezinto zokwakha. Umqondo othi "izindlu zamatshe" zihlanganisa izakhiwo ezenziwe ngamatshe emvelo, njengegobolondo rock, tuff; Izitini ze-Ceramic ne-silicate; I-silicate yegesi yandiswa ngobumba nobumba bekhonkolo, izitini noma amatshe okufakelwa . Ukukhethwa kwezinsiza ezinjalo kusekelwe eminyakeni eminingi yokusebenza ekusebenziseni nasekuvivinyeni kwabo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zokuzivikela nezamandla zamatje. Kodwa kunezithiyo kulezi zakhiwo, ngoba ukuhlala kuzo, ngempela uhlobo oluthile lokushisa, isisekelo esinokwethenjelwa sokwakhiwa okukhulu kwesakhiwo.

Itshe lokufakelwa

Kuhle kakhulu ukunciphisa isisindo esikhulu sokwakhiwa kwezitini ezikhishwe ngamatshe, ubumba obunwetshiwe kanye ne-arbolite. Ukusebenzisa itshe lokufakelwa kancane kancane lishintsha izitini ezibizayo nezindayo. Izinto ezingabizi kakhulu zisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezisemaphandleni eziphansi. Izakhiwo zokwakha ezikhethwe ngokucophelela zizonciphisa izindleko zempahla, zinikeze induduzo nokuqina kwaleso sakhiwo. Ukuthembeka kwetshe sekuvivinywe amakhulu eminyaka - kwasetshenziswa okhokho bethu ukwakha izinqaba.

Isitini - impahla yonke

Izinto ezifunwa kakhulu futhi zazokuba izitini. Ukusetshenziswa kwezitini ze-silicate, ezenziwe ngezixube ze-calc-sand, ne-ceramic, ezenziwe ngobumba ngokuzitshisa (ngezihlanganisi ezahlukene). Ngokuba izitini ze-silicate, ukumelana okuhle emakhazeni nokushisa komsindo kuyizici, kodwa indaba iyesaba umswakama nomlilo. Akusetshenzisiwe ekwakheni izisekelo, ama-ashi, njll. Izitini ze-silicate ziyizinto ezinhle kakhulu ezindongeni, emabhuloho, kodwa inamba enkulu yakha inkinga yokushisa okuncane futhi yokupholisa, ngakho-ke indlu idinga ukushisa okuhle kanye nesistimu yokuphuza umoya.

Izici zendaba

Into ejwayelekile yezitini ezivamile ze-ceramic zingamandla, ukumelana nomswakama nokugqoka. Ikhiqizwa engacacile futhi eqinile, esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezisekelo, izindonga, izingxenye, izicingo. Ukubhekana nezitini kusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izindonga nezinye izindawo. Kodwa isitini esinjalo sidinga udoti ophezulu we-adhesion. Izindlu ezenziwe ngezitini zinomsebenzi omude wesikhathi eside. Izitini ze-Ceramic zivikela kahle umswakama, kodwa izindlu zabo, njengezozonke izakhiwo ezilukhuni, zidinga ukushisa okuphezulu, ukuphuza umoya, futhi, mhlawumbe, ukugoqa okwenziwe nge-facade, ngoba le nto ngokuvamile ihlukile embala.

Ngakho-ke, le ndaba iyinhlangano yonke, eqinile, ethembekile. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - kulula ukusebenza.

Indlu yezimpawu

Futhi kusukela ezakhiweni zokwakha zenziwe izinto zokwakha ngendlela yamapulangwe odonga, amakhilogremu, ama-block blocks, izisekelo zokusungula kanye nezinyosi. Lezi zinsuku zihlukanisiwe zibe yikhonkrithi, i-gas silicate ne-foam izikhonkwane ezikhonjiwe, ezihlukile ekubunjweni nasekukhiqizeni indlela. Izindlu ezenziwe ngezikhumba ze-foam zithandwa ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi nokulula okubonakalayo kokulungiswa. Lezi izitini ezinkulu, njengokungathi zifakwe ngaphakathi ngenani elikhulu lama-tubes angenalutho odlula kuwo. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa isisindo semikhiqizo nokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokushisa ezishisayo zezitini. Ngokhonkolo ekhishwe yi-pores, ubukhulu obufanayo, futhi ngokukhonjiswa kobuciko - okuhlukile.

Amabhuloki akhonkolo asezingeni eliphezulu anesakhiwo esiphakeme sama mechanical and physically, ungabeki, kepha u-hygroscopic (ngokungafani nekhonkritri ekhoneni). Amabhuloki ekhonkolo asetshenziselwa ukwakha izindlu zangasese. Izindleko ezihlukahlukene ezisetshenziselwa ukukhipha izitshalo, zishintsha ubukhulu nesisindo semikhiqizo. Njengoba izitsha zisetshenziswa umlotha, igravel, isihlabathi. I-denser blocks, i-ukuvikelwa okukhulu ngokumelene nomsindo. Izindonga zamatshe ezikhonkolo azibolile, zigcina ukushisa ngokuphelele, kodwa kufanele zifakwe ngendlela efanele. Kwamanye amazwe, ukugxila okwengeziwe kuyadingeka. Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo zomdanso ongashadile zizodinga ukusetshenziswa kokugqoka okungenamanzi. Le nto engabizi yokwakha indlu ihlukaniswe ukuhlala kwayo, izindawo ezinhle zokufakelwa ezishisayo nokuthembeka kwesakhiwo. Ngaphezu kokulondolozeka okubonakalayo, amabhlokhi avumela ukusetshenziswa kwamathanga angenalutho ngaphakathi kwemikhiqizo yokubeka izintambo kanye namapayipi okubheja. Izakhiwo zokwakha zingamangaza ngolunye uhlobo olumnandi - i-polystyrene khonkrithi, enezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kanye nokushisa. Izindonga ezidalwe kusukela kulezi zingqimba azidingi ukuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi nokugxila, akudingi ukuqedwa kokuqashisa okwezindleko. Amandla, i-plasticity, ukumelana nokushisa komlilo kanye nokuhlelwa kwemvelo kwemvelo kwenza kube kubalulekile ekwakhiweni.

Indlu eyenziwe ngokhuni

Izakhiwo zokhuni, izici zobuningi zilula ukwakha kanye ne-microclimate ekhethekile enempilo eyenza izinto zokwakha zemvelo. Lapho bakha izindlu, basebenzisa ikakhulu izingodo nezigxobo ezigciniwe, ezivela kuzo izizinda ezinkulu ezizimele ezenziwe nge-eco-friendly. Ukwakha indlu kusuka ebhasini namuhla kubiza kakhulu. Lezi zinto ziqukethe uhlaka lwamapulangwe ne-glue, ludinga usizo lochwepheshe uma ubeka, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiwe lunikeza isikhathi eside senkathazo yokusebenza kanye nezimfanelo ezinhle zokugcina ukushisa. Ukuze kuvezwe izingodo ezigobile , ihlathi elinamamitha ayi-0.18 kuya ku-0.26 m lisetshenziswa kakhulu, elidluliselwa emshinini, libheke phezulu ngobukhulu. Lokhu ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuvame ukwesaba okuvikelayo. Iyini ukwakheka kwendlu ezindlini ezibizayo? Ngokuvamile igqowe futhi ibhakhodi, ibha nxazonke, izakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo zephaneli zisetshenzisiwe. Kodwa izindlu zangempela, eziqoshiwe, ezenziwe ngababazi ngesandla, azikwazi ukutholakala. Kuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa izingodo zephayini, i-spruce, i-larch nezinye izinhlobo ze-softwood eziqoshiwe ngesandla. Izindlu zokungena zibhekene nokuziphatha okuphansi okushisa okukuvumela ukuthi ugcine izimo ezikhululekile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ukubanjwa kwamanzi okuzilawula ngokwemvelo kanye nemiphumela emihle yezinhlayiya kuhle kakhulu empilweni yabantu. Endlini enjalo, ukuphothula ngaphakathi kungadingeki neze. Izinhlaka zezinkuni zibolile futhi zivutha kalula, kodwa izinga elihle lezinto zinciphisa imiphumela enjalo.

Izindlu ezifakwe kuqala

Amaphakheji ensiza, iphaneli-iphaneli noma asekela amafrimu amakhekhethi, agcwele ama-heaters amaminerali noma uboya bezingilazi futhi ahlanganiswe nezinto ezihlukahlukene, manje zindlela ezithandwayo zokwakha. Izindlu zakhiwa ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe beFinnish, baseMelika, eCanada, obuhlukile ezinhlotsheni zezakhiwo zefreyimu nezindlela zomhlangano. Izinto zokwakha izinhlaka zensimbi nezensimbi zithengi, zishesha ukuba zibe izindlu ezenziwe ngomumo, ezinyangeni ezimbili noma ezintathu kuphela. Lezi zakhiwo ezikhanyayo azidingi isisekelo esikhulu, i-columnar elula, irayibhoni noma ama-slabs aqinisekisiwe asetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwayo . Kodwa ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kuyadingeka ukuphatha ngokucophelela imisebenzi ehlose ukuvikelwa emswakeni, ukugxilwa kanye nokuvinjelwa kwamanzi. Ezindaweni ezihambisana nesimo sezulu esisheshayo kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-panels ezinkuni, ezimweni ezimanzi, amapaneli ensimbi nezamaphrofayili zensimbi zikhethwa. Izakhiwo zohlaka ziyizinto ezingcono kakhulu zokwakha indlu ngoba isimo semhlabathi asihlali indima enkulu esakhiweni, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi umklamo wangaphandle wokubamba iqhaza usiza ukwakha noma yikuphi ukuklanywa kobuciko. Izindleko zokwakha isakhiwo esinjalo ziphansi kakhulu kunokwakhiwa kwamatshe noma izindlu zekhonkrithi.

Nguyiphi iprojekthi engcono kakhulu yokwakha indlu yakho?

Manje bakha ngezindlela ezimbili. Ukusetshenziswa kwendlela okuthiwa imanzi kuhilela ukwakha okuhlanganiswe ngodaka olukhethekile - indawo yokuzitini noma yokuvimba, i-monolithic ethela. Indlela eyomile iqoqa izakhiwo ezikhethiwe ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene nobukhulu bezinto. Ngenxa yalokho, bathola izindlu ezifanele izimo ezahlukene zezulu. Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezinzima, kunezindawo eziningi ezidingekayo, futhi izakhiwo zefreyimu kuphela indawo yokwakhiwa kwesikhathi esizayo kuyadingeka futhi indawo encane yezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisiwe zekithi.

Izindlu ezinamandla zingakhiwa nganoma iyiphi iphrojekthi. Kubandakanya umuntu, lapho kubalwa khona izinto zokwakha zendlu kuyo yonke inhlangano yephrojekthi. Izindlu ezilula zakhiwe ngokuklanywa okwakulungisiwe kwezakhi ezingenakwenzeka, ezithengwa kanyekanye nekithi yokwakhiwa. Kodwa iphrojekthi ngayinye ingenzeka kulokhu. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo ziyokhula kakhulu. Yini engenziwa kuzo zonke iziphetho ezingenhla? Kuphela uma uzimisele ukuthi uzoba nesakhiwo esinzima esakhiweni noma isakhiwo esibonakalayo esincane, ungakhetha izinto ngokuqondile. Yini okumelwe isuselwe lapho ukhetha owokuqala ukwakha indlu kulokhu noma uma kunjalo, sizokutshela okuqhubekayo.

Yikuphi okuqukethwe okungcono ekwakheni indlu yakho?

Ukukhetha izinto zokwakha indlu yakho udinga ukucabangela:

- Isimo sezulu nesimo somhlabathi.

- Isixazululo sokuklama nokuklama ekhaya.

- Ukutholakala noma ukungabi khona kwempahla engabizi noma ekhethekile yokwakha.

- Izakhiwo zomzimba nezakhi zokwakha, amanani azo.

Izinkinga ekukhethweni

Ngokwesiko, endaweni yokushisa okubandayo, zakhiwa ezivela ematini, izitini ze-ceramic, i-gas silicate, izakhi zobumba ezandisiwe. Inqwaba yezinsuku ezishisayo ezishisayo idinga ubumbano, kubandakanya izinto ezibonakalayo - amabhlokhi wekhonktha, isofthiwe ye-shell, i-shell, i-wood, noma yiziphi izinto ezingakwazi ukumelana nokushisa. Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezinkulu kusetshenziswa izitini, ukukhishwa kwekhonkolo, ukukhishwa kwekhonkolo, amatshe, njll. Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo kuhlobene nesakhiwo sendawo lapho ukwakhiwa kuyokwenzeka khona. Kumele ucabange ngamakhono akho ezemali, okungasithinta kakhulu isikhathi somsebenzi. Iphrojekthi yokuklama inikeza nezinto ezithile zokuqaphela. Uma okuhlongozwayo okugcina kulandela ikhasimende, khona-ke sekuwanele nje ukuzithenga. Ukuzikhethela kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuhlotshaniswa nezinxenye eziningi, kodwa kufanelekile ukunaka ukuthi indlu yakhelwe impilo, ngakho-ke sibhekene nale nkinga ngokuziphendulela.

Esikhundleni sokuphetha

Uma unquma ukwakha indlu, udinga ukucabangela ngokucophelela kuzo zonke izinto ezincane. Ukukhethwa kwezakhiwo zokwakha kuxhomeke ekuqineni, ukwethenjelwa kwendlu, induduzo kanye nobudlova kuyo. Cabanga ngesimo sezulu ohlala kuso, izinto ezibonakalayo, ukuthanda kwakho. Lapha, mhlawumbe, kafushane nakho konke. Manje uyazi ukuthi yenzani indlu.