Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin: Biography, imifanekiso kanye imidwebo umdwebi

Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin wayesebenza esikhumulweni kwekhulunyaka, eyaduma njengoba umdwebi, umbonisi, inkosi enkulu kwenkundla ezigcawugcawu. He qamba isitayela sakhe kule sheduli, okuyinto kakhulu othanda ngetetsamelilwati wathola abalingisi abaningi. Isiphetho lokhu okuyinhloko emangalisayo futhi igalelo lakhe enkulu art sihlale yilokho esigxila kukho lapho lendoda wanamuhla ophucuzekile.

ekuqaleni komgwaqo

Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin wazalwa 4 (16) ngo-Agasti 1876 edolobhaneni Tarkhovka ukuthi eduze Petersburg. Okhokho balezi umculi - Kaluga abathengisi eyaziwa, ezazidume ngokutshala ukusekelwa futhi ngenxa yesithakazelo ayenaso kulokho isiphetho ezweni. uyise lomdwebi, Yakov Ivanovich Bilibin kwaba lempi futhi udokotela womkhumbi, ngakho-ke ikhanda esibhedlela futhi umhloli wezokwelapha we-Imperial Fleet, iqhaza empini Russian-Turkish. Ubaba wayefuna indodana yakhe ukuba ngummeli, kanye abasha Ivan Bilibin, abathweswa iziqu nge nayo lendondo yesiliva basesikoleni samabanga aphakeme, wabhalisa e Petersburg University umthetho ubuhlakani.

Watadisha insizwa ngokwethembeka okuhle, bebezoqeqeshwa egcwele izinkulumo, walivikela mqondo yakhe. Kodwa eduze lena ngempela esiwusizo futhi sulivshey zomthetho brilliant esizayo nethemba njalo wahamba iphupho. Eseyingane abanothando wahosha. Kanye izifundo zakhe e-University of Bilibin wafunda isayensi umdwebo bese udonsela eSikoleni of Umdwebo OPH (Society for the Isikhuthazo Wezobuciko). Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili, wathatha emaklasi yangasese art isikole umdwebi Austro-Hungarian Anton Ažbe eMunich. Kulapha lapho kutadishwa sibalo enamathiselwe obaluleke ngokukhethekile nokuthuthukisa e abafundi ikhono uthole isitayela ngabanye kwezobuciko. Ekhaya Bilibin watadisha ngokuzikhandla kule studio yokudweba eholwa Ili Repina.

isihloko intandokazi

Ngesikhathi cwaningo Bilibina Higher Art School of the Academy of Arts, lapho le nsizwa wanika Repin, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa embukisweni Viktor Vasnetsov, owabhala ngendlela eyingqayizivele romantic ezinganekwaneni Russian futhi inganekwane. izibukeli eziningi embukisweni babezihluphekela abadumile esikhathini esizayo abaculi bethu. Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich wayephakathi kwabo. umsebenzi Vasnetsov sika umxhwele umfundi ukuba inhliziyo, wavuma kamuva ukuthi wabona lapha yilokhu unganakile ayekulangazelela futhi pined lokho umphefumulo wakhe.

Eminyakeni 1899-1902 Russian uhambo kuvuna izibambiso ekhishwe uhulumeni amabhuku chungechunge, ifakwe imifanekiso emihle kakhulu ye- Folk yezinganekwane. Kwakukhona izithombe womfanekiso inganekwane "Vasilisa Elihle", "duck White", "Ivan Tsarevich kanye Firebird" kanye nabanye abaningi. Umbhali imidwebo sasitholakala Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich.

Imifanekiso ukuze inganekwane

ukuqonda kwakhe umoya kazwelonke kanye izinkondlo esiphefumulayo temdzabu isiRashiya, savela hhayi kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya isifiso ezingacacile ukuze abantu art. Umdwebi wayelangazelela ukwazi futhi ukufunda ingxenye esingokomoya sabantu bakhe, izinkondlo zakhe futhi ukuphila. Ngo-1899, u-Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin uhambo edolobhaneni Egny ukuthi esifundazweni Tver, ngo-1902, wafunda isiko kanye ethnography kwezindaba zesifunda Vologda, esikhathini esingangonyaka kamuva, umculi wavakashela Olonets futhi Arkhangelsk sifundazwe. Kusukela uhambo Bilibin alethwe iqoqo imisebenzi Folk abaculi, ukhuni izakhiwo izithombe.

Okuvelayo wakhe kwaholela imisebenzi lesibonwa kanye nemibiko yocwaningo mayelana abantu kwezobuciko, ukuklanywa kwezakhiwo kanye imvunulo yesizwe. Ngisho ngaphezulu ezinezithelo umphumela hambo babé yasekuqaleni usebenza Bilibin, esatholakala abanothando isheduli master futhi isitayela ekhetheke kakhulu. Ngo Bilibin wahlala amatalenta amabili brilliant - umcwaningi nomculi, kanye nomunye oyedwa isipho zinikwa. Ivan Yakovlevich ngokucophelela saveza imininingwane, singavumeli zibe okungesikho kunoma yiluphi dash olulodwa.

I ngokucacile isitayela

Kuyini zihluke kangaka ngendlela yakhe yezinye izingcweti Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich? Photo of ngemisebenzi nangezimfanelo zakhe ezimangalisayo kwenjabulo zisisiza ukuba siqonde ke. On ephepheni sibona isithombe wesifunda ecacile Patterned, kwenziwa kanye nemininingwane enqala kanye kwendle emifanekiso Iphalethi lakhanya imibala bejabule kakhulu. imifanekiso kwaKhe epics kanye zamaqhawe imininingwane emangalisayo, uyaphila, poetic kanye hhayi ngaphandle amahlaya.

Ukunakekela nokwethenjelwa komlando zesithombe, edlalwe izibalo lemininingwane imvunulo, ubungcweti, izitsha, master wakwazi ukudala isimo wobuhle magic futhi engaqondakali. Lokhu liseduze kakhulu umoya ubudlelwane yokudala "World of Art" Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako eduze neqembu abaculi okuhlobene. Bonke babengathembekile isithakazelo baganiselana isiko esikhathini esidlule, entailing kuya izintelezi endala.

Bezibona umhlaba izithombe

Kusukela ngo-1907 kuya ku-1911 Bilibin wadala uchungechunge imifanekiso epics okungenakuqhathaniswa Fairy imisebenzi olusankondlo Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Lapha ajabulisayo enkulu izithombe "Tale of Golden Cockerel" nesithi "Tale of Tsar Saltan". Imifanekiso babé nje ibhekwa, kodwa phambili le misebenzi ngamazwi, okuyinto ngokungangabazeki, ukufunda master umoya Bilibin.

Prince Ivan kanye Ixoxo, okuyinto ukuvusela princess, Bag of Bones futhi yaga, u-Ilya Muromets futhi Nightingale le inkunzi, Elena Fair, Churila Plenkovich, Svyatogor - bangaki namaqhawe wazizwa inhliziyo futhi "savuka" ku ephepheni Ivan Ya!

Folk art Wethule master amanye amaqhinga: izindlela zokuhlobisa kanye Bast ukuklama isikhala kwezobuciko ukuthi Bilibin bawungenisa imisebenzi yabo baphinde baphelele.

Imisebenzi ezibhalelwe

Ivan Bilibin wamabhuku umculi futhi omagazini yesikhathi. He qamba yobuciko wokunyathelisa kuka lukhulu ekuletheni ukukhula kwale mboni futhi yethula ku ezisuke zithandwa ngaleso. Edition "Yabantu Reading Room", "i-Golden Fleece", "Art Imicebo Russia" nabanye akazange akwenze ngaphandle ezimfishane nenhle futhi ulwazi, wallpapers, izikhumba kanye Bilibina amaphosta.

Umhlaba udumo

izingcweti Russian amashadi waziwa phesheya. Babafundela emibukisweni ePrague nase-Paris, Venice, nase-Berlin, Vienna, e-Brussels and Leipzig. Bona zibhaliwe omagazini angaphandle, yaseshashalazini angaphandle ngaphambilini imidwebo Bilibin analo stagecraft.

imidwebo satirical

Ngo-1905 kwafika revolution wokuqala Russian. Njengoba iningi bokusungula, Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin nge ugqozi asekelwe kakhulu lift uquqaba. Esikhathini umagazini satirical "Bugbear" futhi "Isihogo-imeyli" yavela ikhathuni mculi. Wenza imidwebo hilarious, ukuhlekisa sezikhulu zenkosi, ngo-inki futhi edumile inganekwane isitayela sakhe udonsa sibalo omkhulu weNkosi Peas, esikhulu zidla ezikhonzini zayo. Phakathi imidwebo wamavukelambuso umculi lalibuye Kuboshwe isikhathi amahora amabili nane.

indawo emifanekiso master

umsebenzi Bilibin BakaJehova njengenhlangano umbhali ngalo yaqala ngala indawo waseshashalazini ka ngokubambisana neNhlangano Paris National Theatre, okwayinika umyalelo imidwebo kuya opera ngu Rimsky-Korsakov sika "Snow Maiden". Kwakukhona amasethi ngemise- benzi e Petersburg naseMoscow. Impumelelo yomculo we-opera ngu Rimsky-Korsakov sika "Golden Cockerel" eMoscow kwakubangelwa yomsebenzi ezincane ezinhle kwenkundla fabulous, wadala ngesandla zeMasters. Bilibin wenza imidwebo izingubo ngoba Mussorgsky sika "Boris Godunov" futhi zokubhukuda Spanish for drama Calderon sika "St Patrick Purgatory," futhi kuze kube comedy of "umthombo Sheep" Lope de Vega sika. Umdwebi ngobuciko athuthukile isitayela ballet Diaghilev.

Eminyakeni eyishumi, kusukela ngo-1907, Bilibin wafundisa ihluzo at Society for Isikhuthazo Wezobuciko esikoleni. Ngemva uhambo eNgilandi nase-Ireland Ivan Y. "ogulayo" kwenkundla. Yena ngokuzikhandla wabhala emifanekiso kolwandle, isibhakabhaka futhi ugu nokhahlo British. Rocky futhi seascapes umculi wasebenza eCrimea, okuyinto uhambo njalo ehlobo.

izinxushunxushu Revolutionary, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

Ngo-February 1917 kwaba nombhikisho ezaqubuka eRussia. Ivan Yakovlevich wamthatha. Waze wadala indaba emfushane umdwebo nge ukhozi kabili ephethwe, okuyinto ethwele elingenamikhono izingalo Yesikhashana Uhulumeni, futhi kamuva kakhulu elasetshenziselwa minting zemali.

Ngo-October wangonyaka Revolution akuzange kumenze umculi ngomdlandla. Ngo-1920 waphuma phesheya esuka ethekwini Novorossiysk futhi ngagcina Egypt. Lapha Bilibin wayemiselwe ukuba siphile iminyaka emine.

Imisebenzi kwalesi sikhathi - imidwebo kusukela imibhoshongo ongaqondakali futhi okuphakade, imidwebo ekumeni imidwebo kwabakhileyo Cairo.

Ekwindla ka-1925, u-Ivan Yakovlevich waya eParis lapho futhi waqala bezikhandla ezincwadini, anemidwebo isiRashiya, aseNtshonalanga Kapa kanye naseMpumalanga inganekwane. Ngesikhathi ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe Bilibin wadala imiklamo kakhulu imifanekiso kanye nemidwebo yesonto Russian ku Olsany Emangcwabeni ePrague.

Eshumini ephakathi kwengu-1920-1930 Ivan Yakovlevich nezithelo futhi ngempumelelo wasebenza phezu design imikhiqizo waseshashalazini wenza nemidwebo isizini opera ethiyetha Champs Elysees, wasebenza Entreprise «opera Russian e Paris," uye wadala imiklamo engajwayelekile ballet Stravinsky esithi "Firebird."

ukubuya

Life ekudingisweni icebile mahhala, kodwa umculi akabashiyi ezikhulayo ukulangazelela Russia. Ngesikhathi sokuthunjelwa kwakhe ngokuzithandela, akazange abe yisakhamuzi angaphandle wathatha yisakhamuzi Soviet ngo-1935. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wadala iphaneli omkhulukazi "Mikula Selyaninovich" ukuba kwakhiwe indlu yesithunywa zaseSoviet inhlokodolobha French. Ngemva konyaka, umculi kanye nomkhaya wakhe babuyela ezweni lenkaba yabo. Bilibin ukuthi ngemfudumalo nguhulumeni omusha futhi waba uprofesa workshop ingcaca Institute of Painting, Umfanekiso, Architecture Academy of Arts eLeningrad. Akazange amane abashiye umsebenzi emkhakheni ncwadi ihluzo.

Umdwebi abadumile , washona ngo-nokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad ngo-1942 endlaleni wangcwatshwa ethuneni elilodwa elikhulu uprofesa wase-Smolensk emathuneni.

Otchetliv futhi ithrekhi eliqhakazile kwesokunxele emlandweni emhlabeni Art amazing umculi Russian Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin. Imidwebo, yasezindongeni, izithombe kanye nezinye idolo amasampula akhe lokusungula zigcinwa manje amaqoqo kwasobala nokwabantu ngabanye. Bona ukuhlobisa amahholo "we-Russian Museum" Petersburg, embukisweni Theatre Museum. Bakhrushin e Moscow, Kiev Museum of Russian Art, esifundeni saseVictoria futhi Albert Museum yaseLondon, Paris-National Gallery e Oxford Ashmolean Museum nabanye abaningi.