Isitatimende mayelana isiRashiya abalobi Russian. izitatimende iDemo mayelana isiRashiya

isiRashiya kungokwalabo omhlaba kanye phakathi phezulu emihlanu ku isibalo sabantu abakhuluma ngakho. Kuyinto limi olusemthethweni Russia, emazweni inter-yobuhlanga ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, isikhulu se-UN. Ohlukile okuqukethwe ulwazi, ngokuchichima yesitayela ngokolimi, izindlela ekhululekile futhi amathuba - yilokho encane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa lezo zimfanelo ezinhle ukuthi zizuzwe phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ukhona, isiRashiya. Izitatimende abalobi enkulu, isiko lwesiSlavic nendawo ekhethekile ngolimi lwethu ke (kungokwalabo egatsheni empumalanga) ukugcizelela ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni umphakathi wezwe lonke icacisa kuphela.

Akwanele ukufunda kuphela okukhulunywa ifomu yakhe. Umuntu bafunde ngempela umuntu enekhono imithetho kanye izici ulimi tetemibhalo, okuyinto wasebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi abalobi engcono izimbongi yeRussia.

Lokho esinakho - asigcini ...

Kodwa, ngeshwa, lapho besanda samanje isimo Russian ulimi (kokubili levamile yekukhuluma nekusebentisa etemibhalo) ibangela impikiswano kakhulu futhi uthola ukuhlolwa okuxubile. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kwansuku kufanele sikucabangele ngokugcwele amaqiniso okuphila, futhi ngenxa yalokho avumele ukusetshenziswa semali izikweletu (babengaphuthi, kodwa kube khona isilinganiso), isitsotsi intsha, nejagoni, amahlulele ngamazwi ahlambalazayo, ngisho inhlamba. Abanye, ngokuvamile abantu imfundo philological, babekhathazeke neqiniso lokuthi ukuziqhenya wakudala abantu (khumbula izitatimende eziningi zabalobi esivelele isiRashiya) Kungenzeka ayeka ukuba khona njalo esikhathini esizayo. Futhi lokhu kuyaqondakala. Isikhathi esining impela, iskrini TV noma iplatifomu okusezingeni eliphezulu zezombusazwe (sicabangela ukuthi kukhona abafundile abantu) sizwa inkulumo nge eziningi amaphutha nemithetho yolimi nendlela orthoepic, ibonakale ngisho umfundi abavamile. Kodwa muva nje umsebenzi isikhulumi noma isikhulumi zidinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, kanye nokusebenza kwaba imodeli yokukhuluma abanekhono zonke izakhamuzi we zwe elikhulukazi.

Ziyini izimbangela kanye ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha anjalo esikhathini isiRashiya, kubathinta ezithinta isimo salo imihlola?

Khuluma kahle - hhayi imfashini

Kuyinto imisindo bedabukile, kodwa kuyiqiniso. Izilaleli ngokuvamile akhangwa kakhulu ikhono interlocutor sika ukubukisa Mot enhle, labo angaphandle ikakhulu. Akunandaba, kuyafaneleka uma isetshenziswa (kuwufanele ucaphune V Belinsky, owabhala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamagama angaphandle, esikhundleni Russian ekhona kungenziwa waqonda njengoba Zihlazisa ngokuthi "ukusebenzisa ingqondo ukunambitheka ...") futhi ukuthi incazelo yalo siphazamisekile. Ngokuvamile zenani emphakathini kanye nekhono ukugqama esixukwini, ngisho noma kubonisa ukuthi ukungazi ephelele noma wokwedelela yamazinga wamukela yokuziphatha. Kule ndaba, ngikhumbula hhayi isitatimende esisodwa mayelana isiRashiya abalobi Russian. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi abanye indlela yokubhekana ulimi - kusho ukucabanga futhi into efana (UTolstoy). LaseChekhov, ngezimfanelo umuntu ohlakaniphile, uthe uma bekhuluma kabi "kufanele sithathwe njengehlelo okuyihlazo njengoba hhayi ukukwazi ukufunda nokubhala" ngaye. Good ukwazi futhi khumbula ukuthi osopolitiki bethu, izibalo kwamasiko, i-TV kanye abasebenzi umsakazo ukulungiselela ehlukile ngokunikeza izinkulumo zeningi.

Savings zamagama - uphawu isikhathi okusheshayo-esilazayo

Enye mkhuba omubi eholela phansi ka isiRashiya - wokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo ekuphileni kwansuku bamaselula ne-inthanethi. Ukuze zonke kokufaneleka yabo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi abantu banamuhla baye kwanqamuka ukubhala nokufunda. Ngaphansi rush njalo SMS dlala iDemo babé iyindlela eyinhloko yokuxhumana akuyona kuphela intsha kanye nabantu abasha, kodwa futhi nalabo asebekhulile. Kodwa kakade sekungamakhulu ngamakhulu eminyaka zikhona izinhlamvu bendabuko kanye zonke izinto zesikhathi esidlule - bona kwathathelwa indawo ama-imeyili, ngokuvamile ehlanganisa imishwana embalwa emifushane, ngokuxhamazela ahlotshiswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yebo, yinto enhle ukuthi isizukulwane yesimanje ukufunda ngamafuphi baveze abakucabangayo futhi kalula abasabela ngayo kulokho okwenzeka. Phela, ngisho Nekrasov ngokuthi ukusho ngakho, "kusho ukuthi kuke kwaba abaseduze, nemicabango - ivulekile." Yilokho njengomfula isitatimende emfushane isiRashiya futhi izinzuzo inkulumo emfushane ngokuvamile lithathwe njengoba linjalo. Ngenxa yalokho ngobufushane iba ibonakalisa ukucabanga elinganiselwe, ukungabi silulumagama, kunemikhiqizo engqondweni ebukhali.

Amandla amakhulu yokukhuluma wobuciko

Lesi sizukulwane samanje enkingeni, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ukuthi cishe ke isidlulile ukufunda. imisebenzi Classical, okuyinto ambalwa eminyaka adlule, kabusha funda babelamukela futhi izikhathi eziningana namuhla kubafundi abaningi - hhayi nje kuphela! - waphenduka ukusebenza ngokweqile. Kuyini ngempela lapho ukujabulela izinkondlo omangalisayo Pushkin, Lermontov, Blok, Yesenin, Tsvetayeva ... noma ngozwela lwangempela ukuba amaqhawe Gogol, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Bunin, laseChekhov, Bulgakov ... Namuhla wakunqoba isifinyezo zabo - kakade yimpumelelo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izingcaphuno kanye amazwi aphathelene izincwadi Russian kuqinisekisa eside ijwayelekile konke ukucabanga, ukufunda imisebenzi emihle yobuciko kusiza ukufunda indlela ukukhuluma kahle futhi ngendlela efanele, ngamafuphi nangokunembile baveze abakucabangayo. Ngokwesibonelo, M. Lomonosov ngesikhathi esifanele incwadi kubhekwa umthombo "ubuhle, ubukhosi, amandla kanye ukujula isiRashiya." Descartes obizwa nangokuthi ukufunda izincwadi ezinhle "Izingxoxo ne abantu engcono izikhathi ezadlulayo ...". Futhi labo ngokugcwele bakwazi ukujabulela ulimi kuphela yobuciko, lizovula okushiwo ibinzana K.Paustovsky kweqiniso: "Kuningi amazwi Russian akhipha izinkondlo ...".

Wabusa pop futhi tabloids

Yini ingena ukubuya zakudala izincwadi yentsha ngubani kusasa ngeke amele izwe lethu bese uphatha? Isikhathi esiningi esifushane, kepha ikhumbuleke "Musi-Pusi" futhi "eyelashes ta" e lutho izingoma ze-pop ngomculo onesigqi. Noma engapheli peremyvaniya amathambo nezikhonzi bakudala e ongaphakeme-brow izincwadi: tabloid, tabloid umphenyi izindaba nasezincwadini ziye ngothando. Futhi ngubani kakade lapha Uzokhumbula izitatimende wabalobi olukhulu isiRashiya, anibizela a "nezimo, aluhlaza, inexhaustibly ocebile, ohlakaniphile, insimbi enkondlo" (UTolstoy), kusiza empilweni, noma "into eyigugu uqobo," lapho "bonke kungabukeki , omkhulu, amaparele yena "(Nikolai Gogol).

Ukuthanda izwe iqala uthando kolimi

Ukucabanga okunjalo sidla emuva ngephuzu elilodwa kubalulekile. Umuntu ngamunye kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi khumbula into eyodwa: ngaphandle ulwazi oluhle ulimi lwendabuko hhayi kungaba Patriot, okuyinto kuqinisekiswa isitatimende esifushane mayelana isiRashiya. Ulimi kazwelonke - a "emlandweni wabantu, indlela impucuko kanye namasiko" (Kuprin), "isivumo abantu, umphefumulo nokuphila ..." (P. Vyazemsky). Yingakho ngokuvamile kakhulu kanye imithombo documentary ngokuba ukuqonda ngokugcwele izinqubo ezenzeka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa yezwe, simazi ngemisebenzi temdzabu (ikakhulukazi izaga, iculo, epics), obukhulu kuzo nezincwadi zakudala, silulumagama zezemfundo.

Efingqa, ngifuna ukugxila mazwi adumile N. Karamzin ukuthi awukwazi ukuzishayela wena a Patriot ngaphandle thandani yolimi lwebele.

Beka emhlabeni

Ukungabi nandaba abantu abaningi ukuba ngumnikazi nkulumo esidumazayo ikakhulukazi ngokumelene isizinda ukuqashelwa mayelana nokuthi wayeqinisile yini lolimi lwethu abantu bezinye izizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela inkulumo ethi best of isiRashiya abaholi bezinye izizwe ukugcizelela yokuphakama kwakhe phezu nezinye izilimi aziwayo. I ezinonileyo zonke "sigodzi European", "ulimi izinkondlo" abize lokhu ngokuthi umbhali French P. Merimee, "enhle", "ulimi enamandla kakhulu futhi ecebile eziphilayo" - Engels. Kuyinto ofanelekayo lapha kanye nesitatimende isiRashiya abalobi Russian. ukuqashelwa Emhlabeni wonke futhi ukuphakama lolimi Russian kugujwa izimbongi M. Lomonosov M. Derzhavin. Ngokwe Dostoevsky efanayo, kuphela kahle lolo limi umnyuziki lwendabuko, ungafunda olunye ulimi. Ingabe emangalisayo futhi umbono uLeo Tolstoy, eyayinawo French kahle. Wavuma ukuthi pass zokugcina kuphela "ukubukisa", kodwa enhliziyweni angakhuluma kuphela ngesiRashiya.

"I-Russian ulimi - omunye izilimi abacebe kakhulu emhlabeni ..."

Wabhala engaphezu kweyikhulu edlule Belinsky. Funda ngokucophelela izitatimende wabalobi olukhulu isiRashiya, ungakwazi kancane kancane baqonde imithetho yokukhuluma ephelele, okuyinto eyaba, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, siyindlala kulezi zinsuku. "Azikho umsindo, imibala, izithombe kanye nemicabango, okuye ayitholakalanga le nkulumo ngqo", - uthe K. Paustovsky. Futhi laseChekhov, uzama ukulondoloza besikhathi sakhe nenzalo kusukela yinkimbinkimbi ngokweqile ngamagama, waxwayisa: "Ulimi kumele kube elula nenhle." Khona-ke, ezandleni uyakwazi ke, wacabanga A.Kuprin, kuyoba "enhle, omnandi, ekhululekile, nezimo, lalelani, smart futhi ivulekile," futhi, ngokuvumelana K.Paustovsky, nalo unga "umsebenzi izimangaliso".

Egcwele ngokuphathana ngothando nangenhlonipho, futhi wonke amazwi yezimbongi Russian of isiRashiya.

"I omkhulu, olamandla, eziyiqiniso khulula ..."

epithets okunjalo pha yolimi lwebele I. S. Turgenev, umbhali nkondlo e temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, eyaziwa, mhlawumbe, ukuze zonke izakhamuzi yezwe. It ubona umbhali "nokulekelela", edinga kude nasekhaya. Umsebenzi benamandla uthando olungenamkhawulo umcebo main kwabantu kuyasiza elibanzi ukuhlola okwenzekayo ezweni. Uzizwa ngendlela efanayo Ivan S. nokuhlonipha abantu Russian - medium omkhulu kolimi. Lezi imiqondo bangamathe nolimi ku engqondweni yomlobi, njengoba kufakazelwa isitatimende emfushane isiRashiya: "Akunakwenzeka ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi ulimi ezifana ayikazeki isizwe esikhulu."

"Umama ulimi"

Okugcwele eziphikisanayo, sublime futhi ngandlela-thile edabukisayo inkondlo symbolist Bryusov. Poet ezisobala nokuvuma kwakhe ukuthi ulimi ngaye samuntu impumelelo yabantu Russian. Unika amaphiko ozinikele, londoloza ku "iwashi ubuthakathaka," selingene shí imfihlakalo imisindo eziyinqaba. Nokho, isiRashiya ngoba imbongi ngeke nje "Umngane weqiniso", kodwa futhi "isitha kunganakekile," okusho "inkosi", ababeka ngozankosi bakhe futhi akazange let go. Ngenxa Bruce ngokufanelekile abafuna ngenkani ngoba naye wonke umcebo wakhe libe yifa lenu. kwashiwo okufanayo mayelana Russian ulimi abalobi Russian kanye izimbongi ukufakazela ayekuthunyiwe ekhethekile emhlabeni: ukuze alondoloze sesithembiso esikhulu baphiwa abantu, futhi lona inzalo yabo. "Izwe lakho - phakade yami yokuhlala" - udvweba umugca ngaphansi imicabango yayo Bryusov, ukucacisa indawo isiRashiya ezimpilweni zabo.

Ngu K. Balmont

River kanye komkhathi asemaqeleni egcwele nokuklabalasa ukubhonga ukhozi impisi, izinsimbi pilgrimage namajuba ngivukutha, ukukhononda ukhiye futhi ugodo entwasahlobo, ebona isiRashiya enkondlweni efanayo. Igama Iseluleki kusiza imbongi ukuchaza ubuhle eyingqayizivele yezwe, uthando ekhaya zoyise, futhi eRussia, okuyinto waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye phakade.

Kulesi izingcaphuno sihloko, amazwi aphathelene ulimi omkhulu Russian senanele amazwi omunye umsebenzi by K. Balmont - "isiRashiya: Intando njengoba ngesisekelo lokusungula." Kuyo imbongi ubiza ulimi lwabaningi babantu base "kweqiniso, primordial, okumsulwa, kakhulu," ingxenye "omunye nama mascots main" Russia okukhulu. Kwanele uthinte isiRashiya, futhi uyobanika isithombe okukhazimulayo, ijwayelekile bonke kusukela ebuntwaneni. Umthandazo umsindo for Balmont imigqa ezidumile ukulangazelela ekudingisweni Turgenev.

"Isibindi"

Enye inkondlo omkhulu kungokwalabo Anna Akhmatova, wawulotshwe 1941 eLeningrad wavinjezelwa. Akhmatova ukhuluma ngesikhathi esinzima kakhulu ezweni lonke ubuso isizukulwane, owalwela izwe kanye nengcebo main kazwelonke: "... sizobe zikuvikele, inkulumo Russian ...." Lona umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala njengoba imbongi kanye isakhamuzi, uyakwazi "Omkhulu izwi Russian" ugqozi kanye nokwesekwa Bakwethu. Futhi njengamakhiwane isifungo uzwakale imigqa lokugcina inkondlo: "mahhala futhi kucace ... wena uyithola ishanelwe ebugqilini kuze kube phakade."

Ngempela, amazwi anjengokuthi abalobi Russian of isiRashiya, izinkondlo amahle kwamandla akhe nezikhwepha nje ukusekela abantu into enzima kakhulu ngaye nangalabo esikhulekela lizwe.

Efingqa

Ngokungangabazeki, isiRashiya kwezincwadi Isikhwama segolide wezwe lakithi. Futhi imisebenzi yobuciko edwetshwe ke zifakwe yengcebo izincwadi emhlabeni. Futhi zonke kusho isiRashiya abalobi isiRashiya, izimbongi nezinye abaculi emva eminyakeni abangu benamandla nokuziqhenya elifanayo iqiniso ukuthi kukhona izikhulumi bomdabu, ukholo emandleni sakhe, kumelwe sigcine ukuthi esiwuphiwe njengoba ifa.