Isihloko kanye indlela umthetho umndeni. Umqondo umthetho umndeni

Namuhla, ukulawulwa ubudlelwane emkhayeni, kanye nempahla kanye non-impahla ubudlelwano siqu phakathi izakhamuzi, labashadile nobe esihlobene, umthetho umndeni isetshenziswa, isihloko kanye indlela yokulawulwa esemthethweni idingidwa kulesi sihloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banikezwe isici eliqhakazile izici ezihlukahlukene: izici, izimiso, yemithetho umkhaya njalo njalo.

Ingqikithi umthetho umndeni

Lesi sigaba limelela ngesici esihlukile komthetho we-civil, okuyinto imithetho nokulawula ngokugcwele uhlobano phakathi uhlobo lomndeni noma impahla kanye nezinye ubudlelwano siqu phakathi izakhamuzi kwashadile noma eziseduze. Lapha kungafaneleka ukufaka wobuntwana sivikelwe kwabancane, kanye ukutholwa kwezingane emndenini ngenhloso ekufundiseni babanike zonke izimo ukuba baphile kahle futhi nentuthuko. Ngakho, umqondo, kuncike futhi indlela umthetho umndeni kuhilela imisebenzi elandelayo: Ukuvikelwa eliphelele lesikhungo umndeni, kanye womama, ubuyise futhi Yiqiniso, izingane.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isikhungo lomndeni, ngaphandle ubudlelwane okungezona impahla, okumele zihlanganisa uthando, umshado, ithemba, nenhlonipho, uthando, kanye nezinye izigaba ikakhulukazi abstract, kukhona futhi isebenza yokuxhumana ngokuya imisebenzi ethize kanye nempahla. Ngokwesibonelo, umbhangqwana osemusha kukhona ubunikazi ezivamile, umthwalo ukulondeka ngokwezimali omkhaya, ikakhulukazi, izingane zabo. izifundo enokwehla baye babonisa ukuthi ukuxabana e ubuhlobo okungezona impahla uhlobo ukhiqiza ngomqondo ongathandeki kwempahla ubudlelwano.

Isihloko kanye indlela umthetho umndeni

I eziyinkimbinkimbi lobuhlobo oshiwo ngenhla yakha isihloko legatsha kubhekwe komthetho, okuyinto ubhekwa ezimele. Kuyadingeka ukuba zihlanganisa izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Isiphetho uphelela ngomshado.
• amalungelo ayisisekelo kanye nemisebenzi womshado ngamunye.
• amalungelo ayisisekelo kanye nemisebenzi izingane nabazali.
• Iimbopho lohlangothi ukukhokha ukondla obushade naye emuva kwesehlukaniso.
• Letinhlobo inqubo yemfundo, kuyafaneleka izingane abangenathemba. ukunakekelwa kwabazali.
• Ukucutshungulwa umshado njengesibopho ngamanga.
• Bokuhlukaniswa amalungelo ngubaba (umama).
• Ukusetshenziswa komthetho Russian emindenini iqhaza bamazwe angaphandle noma abantu lizwe ababhekwa njengezakhamuzi zalo.

Ubangela isihloko umthetho umndeni, ubuhlobo bomkhaya isiqondiso indlela kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlanganisa izindlela kwezinkambiso zomthetho zingaba nethonya yobudlelwane nabanye ohlobo umndeni. Kuvumeleke-kuphoqelekile, okusho ukulingana ngokuphelele amaqembu ngokuya ngokomthetho, ukuzimela nentando abahlanganyeli ubudlelwane zomthetho, eqinisa isiqondiso zomthetho dispositive, kanye nokulawula isimo.

uhlelo umthetho umndeni

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, Umthetho womndeni (into, indlela, imithombo echazwe esihlokweni) lisho isimiso yangasese, okulingana iqoqo kwezinkambiso ezikhiqiza ubudlelwano isiqondiso yezenhlalakahle uhlobo ayisihloko kulesi sigaba. Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi isistimu has a ngezigaba, okusho division yayo ibe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: jikelele futhi ekhethekile. Ingxenye yokuqala iqukethe imithetho eyisisekelo (imigomo esemqoka, ibe nemalungelo kanye netibopho, nokuziphendulela izinyathelo kanye nezimiso ukusebenza). Lezi zindinganiso kunenjongo ezivamile, ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa zonke izikhungo kwesigaba ekhethekile. Lokhu kufanele kubandakanye izimpokophelo umkhakha, kanye imithombo yayo.

I ekhethekile ingxenye yakhiwa e oyiyo imithetho, okuyinto afeze ukulawulwa izakhiwo efanayo ubudlelwano nomphakathi izikhungo kuhlanganiswe. Ngakho-ke, izigaba ezifanele kwamalungelo nezibopho owakwakhe, umshado, inkontileka umshado, izinhlobo inqubo zokufundisa izingane, kanye yokudla okunempilo kanye izici ezinomthelela isicelo komthetho civil kuya ubudlelwane yohlobo umndeni.

Nezimiso eziyisisekelo umthetho umndeni

Isihloko kanye indlela umthetho umndeni baba abaholi izimiso ezifanele, okuyinto zinqunywa ngokulungisa ubudlelwano of uhlobo umndeni. Ngakho, kufanele yini ngamaphuzu alandelayo wenza esivela wemboni okukhulunywa ngalo:

• ukuqashelwa isimiso umshado angena ehhovisi lokubhalisa. Ngakho, imishado, kwakheka ngesisekelo inkolo noma zenkolo izisusa, ezibhekwa uyize.
• Umgomo we voluntariness, okusikisela ukudalwa umndeni kokuba kungokuvumelana. Ukukhethwa naye kwenziwe ngokuhambisana ukubukwa siqu yomuntu.
• Isimiso yokulungisa noma yiziphi izingxabano emkhayeni umzamo ngokuhlanganyela, odinga ukuvumelana ngaphambi kwesikhathi izinkinga zomkhaya, phakathi okuyizinto yezinjongo eziyinhloko nezici ibhajethi yakho, kanye nemikhuba yokukhulisa izingane.
• Isimiso kokulingana izikhali, esikisela khona abangane bomshado amalungelo afanayo.
• Umgomo igunya yenqubo zokufundisa izingane, ngenxa kokungathembeki Ikhodi Umkhaya ilungelo lengane ukuba ukuthuthukiswa emkhayeni.
• Isimiso esakhiwa ngo kuqala izithakazelo amalungu omndeni abangekho ukufeza umsebenzi zabasebenzi.
• Umgomo we nokulingana izakhamuzi, ekuqedeni ukwencika amalungelo yesimo somshado wabo, umsebenzi, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.

Imithombo umthetho umndeni

Concept, into, indlela, izimiso komthetho umndeni kwakheka isisekelo amaqiniso ayisisekelo ezibekwe imithombo abafanele. La malungiselelo zomthetho zihloselwe nokuqalisa ukulawulwa ngobudlelwano bokuhlalisana emphakathini ezingavela ngenxa yomndeni noma ezinye izimo ezichazwe ngenhla. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imithombo gradiiruyutsya amaqembu amaningi, nakho kufanele ngezigaba zabo. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela le imithombo eyisisekelo umthetho umndeni esimweni Russia. Ziyakwazi:

• RF uMthethosisekelo.
• Russian Ikhodi Family.
• I-Russian Civil Code.
• Civil Inqubo Ikhodi;.
• Labor Ikhodi.
• Ezezindlu Ikhodi Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
• Wobugebengu Ikhodi WaseRussia.
• Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation.
• Imithetho yemvelo yase-Russian Federation.
• Normative izenzo a sub- hlobo.
• Izimiso nguMongameli we Russian Federation.
• Izinqumo oda soMthetho woHulumeni.
• Ama-oda, imiyalelo zezinkonzo, amakomiti kanye neminye imigwamanda.
• ubunjalo ngamazwe yesivumelwano.

Izinkambiso esingokwemvelo womthetho womndeni

Isihloko kanye indlela umthetho umndeni akhiwa, njengoba kuphawuliwe, usebenzisa imithombo futhi kungakho kwezinkambiso umthetho umndeni, okuyinto Yiqiniso, kakhulu kuthinte ubudlelwano emndenini. Iqukethe ngala malungiselelo izenzo zomthetho, phakathi lapho isikhundla ebalulekile kuhlala Ikhodi Family. Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi ngokuyinhloko kuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisa isikhungo umndeni. Ngakho, sibonga kwezinkambiso zomthetho kwakheka ubuhlobo ukuthi akwephuli amalungelo nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqinisekisa ngokugcwele Ukwanela kwezinto ukusebenza umndeni, kanye ukuvikela izithakazelo ilunga ngalinye. kwezinkambiso Legal abasizi esiyinhloko izakhamizi mayelana nokusetshenziswa abushelelezi wamalungelo futhi kuvinjelwe ukuphazamisa angaphandle ezindabeni yasekhaya, okuvumela izikhungo hhayi kuphela umsebenzi kodwa futhi baphumelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa isicelo imithetho ethize uya ukwesekwa yomama nezingane, izingane ekhubazekile futhi kuyenze, ngoba olunye usizo oluvela kwezenhlalo, njengoba wazi, ngoba kwamukelwa ngokusemthethweni imithetho ethile.

Izinsuku emthethweni umndeni

Into, indlela, izimiso komthetho umndeni abazenzi kuphela ngokuhambisana nemigomo ethile. Basuke ezihlobene iqembu nokuthola esibekelwe kunqunywa. Noma kunjalo, kuba khona ukunqanyulwa kwe kumiswa noma ukulungiswa of amalungelo nemisebenzi kuxhomeke ethize ezithiwa esibekiwe kusengaphambili. Ngaphansi gama lisho esithile isikhathi, usuku lokuphelelwa, noma okuvela kuyo lapho ekhuluma mayelana nemiphumela ethile. Kuyiqiniso zomthetho kuphela ngoba umthelela esigcwele ku okuvela kwemithelela ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko zomthetho. Leli qiniso osebenza ku izimo ezingaphezu ngentando yomuntu (ngokokuqala futhi akuhlangene ne izifiso umuntu). Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi omunye umehluko umthetho umndeni kuyinto ngaphandle ukusuka enhlanganweni yomphakathi ngokuya, futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zombili izinhlaka ngokulinganayo kusebenza yangasese uhlelo umthetho.

Izinsuku emthethweni umndeni ube ngezigaba zabo. Ngakho, kuvamile impela preclusive noma labo okuyiwona kungenzeka khona amalungelo athile ezifana ilungelo lokuthola ukondla obushade naye emuva kwesehlukaniso ngqo ebudaleni. Kulesi simiso, kukhona into efana zobunzima izinkathi, lapho kufanele futhi ufake sokubhalisa umshado kuphela ngenyanga ngemuva kokuhambisa isicelo eHhovisi Registry.

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa amalungelo umndeni

Uma ebiyelwe iqoqo umqondo, kuncike futhi indlela umthetho umndeni, singakwazi ukuchaza izinkomba eyinhloko amalungelo kulawulwa Ikhodi Family. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi zonke isakhamuzi sinelungelo ukunquma indlela bachithe kuvunyelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, abazali ekhubazekile, okuyinto Yiqiniso, udinga usizo, ungamukela noma wenqabe ukondla obushade naye emuva kwesehlukaniso wokugcinwa izingane omdala. Yiqiniso, ikhambi ngokuvamile kuvela ukuthi ezimbi, ngoba abantwana ngendlela enothando noma omunye uyokusekela ngokugcwele uyise ekhubazekile nonina. Ikhodi Umkhaya kunqunywa ukuthi umthetho compulsorily ivikelwe umthetho. Okukhishiwe naleyo eyenziwa ubudlela-ndawonye buphikisana ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwabo ohlosiwe. Futhi nangu Ukulingana okulungile nenhloso ziyasetshenziswa ngenhloso yokuqinisa umndeni ehloniphekile ezemfundo izingane, ukwakheka izimo ephephile ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele ngamunye amalungu alesi sikhungo, nokunye.

Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo umndeni

Into ngenhla, indlela yokulawulwa kwezimboni umthetho umndeni phikisana ngokugcwele imisebenzi eyenziwa iziphathimandla zomphakathi, ukuvikela amalungelo ilungu ngalinye lomkhaya, okungase kwenzeke inqubo yokuphatha kanye zokwahlulela. Okuwukuphela kwento indlela emaphakathi sesivikelo, ngoba kuphela senkantolo senziwa nokuswela eliphelele noma ukuvinjelwa amalungelo ubuyise (womama), ukuqedwa wobuntwana isehlukaniso (sengathi umndeni ingane ongazange attained yobudala) noma ukusungula semthethweni yayo, izibopho yokudla okunempilo zokuthola abantwana (nomunye abashadayo uma isahlukaniso), makoti ompofu owanikela ayikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi zabasebenzi, noma amanye amalungu omkhaya. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi yokutakula yesondlo lubalulekile kuphela endabeni exclusion ukufinyelela isivumelwano phakathi kwezinhlangano. Ngu iziphathimandla zokwahlulela, okuyothi athwale Noma kunalokhu kuvikeleka kwezomthetho lomndeni, kufanele kufake izinkantolo yomthetho jikelele - izinkantolo Rayon sika (noma idolobha). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka Kwezinye izimo kubhekwe futhi engagwegwesi ukuthula, kodwa lokhu akuhlanganisi izinhlobo imibuzo ukuze kuphikiswe noma ukusungula ubuyise, ingane izohlala nobani noma ukwamukelwa ingane.

International Family Law

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo inqubo zomshado nabezizwe nezesikhathi esizayo wokuphila, ebanjwa ezikhathini zanamuhla, uma kunezizathu ezizwakalayo egcwele zibheke hhayi kuphela kwezinkambiso umthetho kazwelonke, kodwa futhi iziqondiso ezithile kwelinye izwe. Ngakho, umthetho mkhaya wabantu bezizwe (isihloko kanye indlela umthetho umndeni sachaza kafushane ngenhla) kuhlanganisa eziningi izikhungo:

• Ukubhalisa oluthile lomshado phakathi kukankulunkulukazi bamazwe Russian ehleli unomphela kwenye isimo.
• Sokubhalisa umshado komunye umuntu walelo kwesinye isifunda.
• Nokuvulwa nesondlo kusukela izakhamuzi wamanye amazwe.
• Ukuchitha umshado.
• Isehlukaniso maqondana isakhamuzi angaphandle nokuba isakhamuzi WaseRussia.
• Izinkinga eziphathelene impahla emshadweni nomuntu wezizwe, nokunye.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izakhamuzi Russian abahlala kwamanye amazwe Unelungelo uxhumane ukumelwa ezimela nakwezombusazwe ngokuphelele nanoma yiluphi udaba oluphathelene umshado yalolu hlobo.

Izici umthetho mkhaya wabantu bezizwe

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isihloko kanye indlela umthetho umndeni maqondana nokubambisana kukazwelonke has a focus ukuhluka. Ngakho, uma abantu abashadile sihlale ngaphandle Russia, kodwa omunye wabo oyisakhamuzi angaphandle, isehlukaniso sivunyelwe khona, ngisho ensimini ka-Russia. Kulokhu, kuyafaneleka ukusebenzisa umthetho umndeni Russian futhi izici ahlobene ngayo. Kodwa ukuqashelwa incwadi Russian Federation yinkantolo kwenye State Ilungu ithathwa yimithetho yendawo, kanye ngesisekelo uhlobo leentjhabatjhaba izivumelwano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Russian Family Code iqukethe ilungiselelo mayelana nokwenzeka sokuchitha umshado onjalo ngaphandle Russia ngombandela wokuthi ke wenziwa kutfotjelwa imithetho angaphandle kanye amalungelo abashadayo ngokungenamibandela ihlonishwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umuntu osanda wamukela ekunqanyulweni komshado kwelinye izwe kungaba ukushada noma ukushada WaseRussia.

izinkinga Wanamuhla umthetho umndeni

Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, into, indlela, uhlelo lomthetho umndeni kuyinto multidimensional kakhulu futhi edidayo. Iqiniso ukuthi lesi sigaba angabhekwa hhayi nje njengomuntu isayensi kodwa njengoba umkhakha wezomthetho. Noma kunjalo, i-link eziyinhloko imigomo ezifanayo lekumele azuzwe ngokuhamba isicelo sabo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvikela amalungelo ilungu ngalinye lomndeni, ubuhlobo bomkhaya, Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo umntwana kanye kumiswa ukulinganisela abanekhono phakathi izithakazelo ngabanye, umndeni kanye nomphakathi wonkana. Inkinga iba yokuthi imigomo esichaziwe umthetho umndeni kuphela isayensi, kodwa hhayi ngokuya zomthetho. Ngakho, exclusion lokhu igebe kungafaneleka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwamanje kukhona isidingo esikhulu ukuze uqinise umthetho umndeni, ngoba ngaphandle kokucetshiswa ofanele, kwabekwa nesisekelo esingokwesayensi, kuvele ngeke bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yaso. Namuhla, imfundiso jikelele futhi umthetho umndeni buhlukile nomunye, kodwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwabo, ngokuqinisekile ziyoba nomphumela yimpumelelo ube ukuqina abalulekile lesikhungo umndeni.