Ukunqunywa ukuqalisa i icala zokuphatha. Art. 28.1 kweKhodi Administrative. Izibonakaliso main ieala zokuphatha

Ukuvimbela amacala zokuphatha pravoobespechivayuschey isilinganiso ayimpoqo yiyona ukuvulwa kokuqhutshwa ukoniwa. Lokhu ingxenye imisebenzi komthetho ngokwezinga elikhulu ngaphansi kwekhono amabutho ezokuphepha. Ngo inqubo ukuqaliswa imisebenzi isikhulu usungula ungubani lowo okonile is a protocol futhi inikeza ukusihlola ngokwengeziwe kunjalo ngokuhambisana nohlaka lomthetho we Russian Federation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphoyisa aqapha aphoqelelwe ukuba balandele inkambo yokungenisa ukukhishwa isinqumo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi ulethe osonile umthwalo zokuphatha, kubalulekile mlandu yakhe. lokucabanga umuntu akakwazi ukuba icala sokungalandeli umthetho nalesi simiso.

Yini Kuyicala zokuphatha: Definition

Kusukela ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokuphatha saze saphela sokugcina hhayi ukukwenza ngaphandle kokwenza iketango ezidingekayo zokulungisa. Ukukhiqizwa ngokwayo wezasekhaya zokuphatha iyisibonelo esivelele zomthetho, kwenziwe kohlaka Ukubuyekeza yabo yasobala futhi senze ngokusekelwe izixazululo eziqondile, kuhlanganise ukusebenzisa izindlela isijeziso yemali noma ukuboshwa.

Into yokuqala ukuqonda ngokuningiliziwe imigomo eyisisekelo umthetho inqubo nezokuphatha. Ukuze ugweme incazelo ecacile ye nemiqondo eyisisekelo zidinga ukucaciseleka. Kuyicala zokuphatha kuchazwa njenganoma yikuphi isenzo esingekho emthethweni noma ukungenzi, ikhomishana zazo kumuntu ophathiswe umthwalo wokunakekelwa umthetho sihlinzekela umthwalo wokuphatha kanye zomthetho. Lowo okonile esimeningcondvo umthetho zokuphatha kungaba abantu ngokomzimba zomthetho, zikahulumeni, izinhlangano zomphakathi, nokunye. D. Lo mbono ieala zokuphatha, ingaqukatha ukhiye "isenzo" futhi "yokungenzi" kungenziwa oqokiwe eside olulodwa - "isenzo." Kungakhathaliseki ukuziphatha ngomoni, esebenzayo (isenzo) nemphambosi yekwentiwa (yokungenzi) obenziwa ukoniwa isephulamthetho kufaka aphoyintimenti zomthetho izinyathelo isithiyo.

Izimpawu ukwenaba amacala zokuphatha

Hlukanisa emkhatsini isenzo kabi i nature zokuphatha icala ikhomishana zazo akayinekezi umthwalo zomthetho ukuze ikhulise izimpawu eziyisisekelo ieala zokuphatha. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Public Enemy - yokwenza noma yokungenzi okuthile yesaphulamthetho ilimaza izithakazelo umphakathi, izakhamuzi ngabanye noma isimo.
• Wrongfulness - lapho i tort zokuphatha i- ngokuzenzakalelayo nemithetho ehlukahlukene engokomthetho, izinyathelo evikelwe zemithwalo yemfanelo zokuphatha kanye zomthetho.
• Yecala - ezingeni zomthetho kubhekwa icala uma kutholakala umuntu owenze (kukhona ngenhloso noma ukunganaki) icala zokuphatha.
• Elinesijeziso - kokunikeza okufakiwe komthetho tort, ukuqaphela ukuthi icala zokuphatha kungenziwa kuphela enikeziwe uma kukhona elithile umthwalo emsebenzini waso.

Ukuze sithole degree wecala nemikhulu nokwabela ke isilinganiso esifanele saleli umthwalo izindaba zokuphatha zokukhiqiza ngizodabula uchungechunge saziso, izinqubo ngokulandelana. Isinyathelo sokuqala endleleni eya ubulungiswa kanye nokusungulwa lokungaziphathi kahle kubhekwa Ukuqalwa kokwenzekayo. Lesi sigaba se-Russian Federation phezu kwesigaba ngokomthetho Ikhodi Administrative Amacala (Administrative Ikhodi), kubhekwa ekuqaleni ngesikhathi ukuthola a tort, futhi ukuphothulwa - ukudluliselwa imibhalo mayelana naleli cala ogunyazwe ukuba ibhekane okwengeziwe zenqubo izinyathelo iphoyisa.

Kwezinye izimo, vula ekuqhutshweni tekuphatsa ukoniwa?

At the stage of icala yokuqalisa, eziphathelene zokuphatha umkhakha wezomthetho, ukubaluleka okukhulu unamathele nezimbangela zayo. Izimbangela ngoba ukuqalisa i icala zokuphatha kukhona izinqubo ukusebenza owenziwa ukuze umiswe isithombe izenzakalo, ukudala i-base ubufakazi, ukuze ulungise umthetho futhi ukunquma iziqu zabo. Uhlu izizathu ngokuvumela ukushushisa yomthetho zokuphatha, kuyinto ehluke umxhwele. Ngokuhambisana Ikhodi bokuPhatha Amacala we Russian Federation, izenzo ezilandelayo zomthetho asisekelo kuvulwa ekuqhutshweni zokuphatha:

• ukuthola noyisikhulu ifa zamakhono ukwanele yokubhalisa ukwephulwa olandelwayo, kanye nezimo eqinisekisa ikhomishana icala;
• kokuthola yonke imigwamanda (kufaka ekhatsi hulumende, iziphathimandla zendawo, izinhlangano zomphakathi ..) ngezinto zokwakha kanye idatha ekhombisa ukuthi ukuqaliswa ukoniwa zokuphatha, kanye nezitatimende izinhlangano kanye izakhamuzi, ukukhanyisa umphakathi ezinsikeni abezindaba;
• isiqophi noma fotozapis etholwe ngesikhathi traffic ngesikhathi nenkanuko edlulele ieala zokuphatha, kanye isiqinisekiso esibhaliwe umnikazi yifa kanye nokusebenzisa imoto ngomunye umuntu ngesikhathi ukoniwa zokuphatha.

Izizathu ekuqaleni ekuqhutshweni zokuphatha

Isizathu bokunikeza izinyathelo womuntu ngokwakhe wokuba nomthwalo wokuphatha ngokuvamile isitatimende umnikazi, umphathi ukulamula umbango manje, ekomidini abakweletwayo 'kwesahluko ngezimo eyayifunwa izihloko ngazinye Ikhodi (isibonelo, Art. 14,12, 14,13, 14.23). isizathu esizwakalayo sokuba kokuqaliswa ekuqhutshweni ingaphinda kumelwe libhekwe njengelingcwele yokufuna inani elingokomthetho izinqumo weKhomishani ka antimonopoly izakhiwo, ukusiza ekutholeni ukuthi ieala zokuphatha okukhulunywa ngazo Izihloko 14.31-14.33 kweKhodi.

Ngesikhathi sigaba sezinqubo zokuphatha kubalulekile kungokwalabo izenzo zemizimba komthetho okuhloswe ngazo ukuchaza isikhathi nendawo, ngesigameko esenzeke ezinemininingwane isithombe ukoniwa, ungubani lo muntu-ke enzile. Ukuze zenqubo ukuvulwa qophelo icala kuyinto ukuqaliswa evamile izinyathelo, ecacisa degree of culpability of lowo okonile kanye izimo iphutha ngalinye elingasho lutho ezihlobene. Kulokhu, kwencazelo izisusa nezimo icala kubalulekile ukuze ahehe isephulamthetho sezomthetho zomthetho.

Ezingeni zomthetho ezichazwe imininingwane eyanele ukuthi kunini lapho kungashiwo ukukhiqizwa ukwephulwa zokuphatha angabhekwa evulekile. Ukuqalwa sezinqubo kwenzekani kusukela ukulungiswa umbiko ku ieala zokuphatha, okuyinto ngokuvamile iba umbiko inhlolovo yesehlakalo, obhekelele ukusetshenziswa izinyathelo zokuphatha ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqiza kanye nabanye. Vula ukukhiqizwa kubhekwa njengoba usuku yokubhaliswa ukuzimisela ukuqalisa icala lokwephula umthetho zokuphatha. Le nqubo ubhekwa kuphoqelekile isidingo uphenyo olwengeziwe ukuze anqume ngokunembile izimo sigameko noma luhlolo, nezinye izinyathelo zenqubo.

Okunhlobonhlobo amacala yomthetho wokuphatha

Esikhathini Ikhodi Administrative we Russian Federation ne amazwana (sihloko 28.7) zikhona izincazelo art. 28,7 elawula izinqumo ukwenza uphenyo ngokushesha ku amacala zokuphatha. Lo magazini kwahlanganiswa okusetshenzelwa olusemthethweni owabhala ukuzimisela ukuqalisa icala. tinchubo okufanayo futhi ezihlobene ngokubona prosecutorial. Umshushisi yenza isinqumo ukuqalisa icala lokwephula umthetho zokuphatha kanye bayakuziphatha uphenyo olwengeziwe. By the way, esihlokweni esifanayo Ikhodi uthi, ayephuli ubudlelwane zomthetho kulokho izindawo kungase kudingeke ukuba enze uphenyo. Kungenzeka misdemeanors ezihlobene lokungalandeli umthetho ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• antitrust;
• zokuvumela noma yini-ilayisensi, patent;
• ukukhangisa kanye nobudlelwano zomphakathi ukumaketha;
• ukuziphatha ngokuqhutshwa kwenhlelo zokhetho njalo referenda;
• Imithetho yokwengamela nokuphathwa semthethweni inzuzo ibhizinisi;
• nezidakamizwa, izinto psychotropic futhi kokumethemba;
• inzuzo kwemikhiqizo nogwayi notshwala;
• isilawuli exchange;
• Ukuvikelwa Umthengi, ezihlobene, copyright;
• uhulumeni ukulawulwa zamanani, izindleko zemali ekhokhiswa ku izimpahla namasevisi;
• ukuphathwa kwemvelo ngendlela eyiyo;
• Customs nokulawula uchwepheshe;
• ukuphepha umlilo;
• imithetho okusebenzela kuyo izimoto kanye traffic endleleni;
• ukuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi for izidingo ukubaluleka yombuso kanye lendawo.

Ukunqunywa ukuqalisa i icala zokuphatha, esikhishwe umuntu ogunyaziwe, ephelezelwa incazelo kubahlanganyeli ukukhiqizwa amalungelo abo ngenqubo kanye nezibopho, ngokuvumelana Ikhodi Administrative. Ikhophi kunikezwa lowo ophathwe kabuhlungu futhi umuntu senziwa ngokumelene nobani - umuntu noma inhlangano.

Izici sokwenza uphenyo endabeni ekuqhutshweni zokuphatha

Uphenyo uqhutshwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele isikhathi mthetho, ngesisekelo isitifiketi esimweni ieala zokuphatha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indawo umhlangano kufanele kube indawo yalokho okufezwa noma ukubona tort zomthetho. Uphenyo eyenziwa umuntu ogunyaziwe kwezinye ezibekwe ngumthetho - nephini lakhe namkha esinye isikhulu kokuba zamakhono eyanele yokwenza lokhu.

Izinsuku amasheke singadluli izinsuku ezingu-30 kusukela ngosuku ukunqunywa ukuqalisa icala lokwephula umthetho zokuphatha. esithile esibekiwe kungase kukhule ku 1 noma ezingu-6 ezidlule eyicela ebhaliwe evela umuntu bekwi-ukukhiqizwa Kulokhu. Isinqumo ukunweba imigomo elotshwe incazelo, kuthatha inhloko yabangamashumi igunya noma iphini lakhe, ikhophi kubaqoqi mathupha emelene isiginesha isisulu kanye amaqembu ummangalelwa.

Njengoba nje uphenyo zokuphatha usezofika ekupheleni, it is ngomumo. Uma imiphumela yakhe Awekho ngezizathu kuyo ukuze iphinde, umuntu ogunyazwe ayakuphuma izinqumo ukuba kuphele ukukhiqizwa. Kulokhu lowo okonile njengoba isisulu unikezwa ithuba azijwayeze ekubhaleni olandelwayo, ukunikeza izincazelo ukucacisa okuqukethwe khomba ezinganembile e protocol noma imibhalo enamathiselwe nalokho ukuqalisa i icala zokuphatha.

Kwezinye izimo, protocol zingenziwa ngokungabi bikho umuntu uzibophezele ukoniwa. Ngemva ukuzimisela, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma abahlanganyeli wathumela isaziso Ukusungula uhlelo icala zokuphatha. Uma ufika kamuva lowo okonile noma iqembu elimele uthunyelwa ikhophi olandelwayo iyawakha endaweni yabo yokuhlala unomphela kungakadluli izinsuku ezintathu emva ukukhishwa idokhumenti.

Izizathu ukwesulwa icala ku ukwephulwa zokuphatha

Ukuze uvale idili, kumele ube okungenani eyodwa izimo zinikelwa mthetho:

• ukungabikho yokuthi ieala nezokuphatha;
• ingxenye Ukwakheka icala (kufaka umthamo abalwa, ingqondo ngabanye);
• ukuqaliswa tort komuntu ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 ubudala;
• lowo okonile kwakungasekho okunye yesenzo;
• ukushicilelwa ushwele, okusho ukususwa isijeziso;
• ekunqanyulweni kwe isinyathelo bebutho komthetho, ukuze ulungise umthwalo zokuphatha;
• ekupheleni kwezinsuku komkhawulo kwesikhathi zokugcwalisa isimangalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ngesikhathi esifanayo kwi Eqinisweni olulodwa kwenziwa zobulelesi nezokuphatha, kokuthathwa kwesiqunto ukuqalisa tinchubo, ekunqanyulweni noma aphoyintimenti isijeziso yayo, tinchubo zokuphatha kumisiwe. Endabeni kokufa isephulamthetho uphenyo ngabanye futhi wayeka.

Ukulungiselela olandelwayo zokuphatha ingozi Isibonelo

Ukuze ukwephula imithetho yomgwaqo fixed, kuhlanganise ukusebenza ngokungenabulungisa imoto, okuyinto kuhilelani okubangela ezithi ukubhema kulimaza impilo isisulu, ekhishwe umbiko inhlolovo yezindawo icala. Lo mbhalo futhi yakha kwenzeka ukuthi imbangela ukwephula imithetho yomgwaqo baba abanganaki abahamba ngezinyawo noma imoto nomuntu. Phakathi kokungena yesehlakalo kudinga phambi kofakazi ababili, idokhumenti iyawakha ngaphandle kokulibala futhi baxoshwe endaweni yengozi. Iziphakamiso eziyisisekelo uqobo kumele ibe idatha:

• izimpawu eziyisisekelo ieala nezokuphatha;
• ku-oda izikhulu izenzo amaphoyisa aqapha ezakha umbiko inhlolovo enze indawo icala;
• ikhwalithi komzila womgwaqo bese esimweni saso, khona kwalo elihambisana SDA wokugubha;
• ngezinga of kungakhanyi ukukhanya kwezindaba ingxenye yomgwaqo;
• empambana elawulwa, okuyinto kuyicala elibomvu;
• khona eziyimbangela yezinkinga ezizuzwa Ilobhothi;
• ukungabi khona izimpawu zomgwaqo igunya;
• nezinye izimo lebalulekile emizameni yokuthuthukisa kunjalo.

Ihlola phezu esimweni ukwephulwa zokuphatha

Phakathi lwamakholi ukubhaliswa entry eyenziwe ke ukuthi zamalungelo neembopho abakhona phakathi naleyo nqubo ukuhlolwa babonakala ngokucacile lelipelwe ngokuhambisana nomthetho. Ngaphezu protocol ukuhlolwa isicelo izitatimende iqhaza izinhlangano, i entry ku ukusetshenziswa kwezimali ukuqhuba isithombe nevidiyo, ezinye izindlela kuvunyelwe sokuhlela yesehlakalo umdwebo bese ubufakazi obuphathekayo.

Ngemva olandelwayo ngemvume ezansi ubeka isikhulu nabanye abakhona - kubahlanganyeli inqubo ukuhlolwa, endaweni icala, kuhlanganise ofakazi kanye ingozi isigebengu. Amakhophi Izivumelwano ngemvume okhishwe ngomoni, imoto elawulwa ngesikhathi kwenzeka ingozi. Uma kwenzeka ngokuthumela inqubo yokuqinisekisa zokukhiqiza, okuyinto eyenziwa endaweni amacala ngqo, isidingo sokufeza uphenyo zokuphatha ubalekela ngokwalo.

Ikhodi Administrative nge ushintsho (Art. 28.5) waphawula ukuthi ukoniwa ezimweni sobala luyisisekelo isheke esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ukulandela kokutholakala yesehlakalo futhi ukukhomba izici ezingeziwe sokuqinisekisa okungalungile kwenziwa ngesikhathi ukuze uvule izimo ngokuyinhloko ebalulekile kunjalo, kuhlanganise ulwazi mayelana lowo okonile (abantu zemvelo noma izinhlangano), uma ekhishwe maqondana nokuzimisela yayo ukuqalisa icala lokwephula umthetho zokuphatha. Ukuqinisekiswa kwenziwe ezinsukwini ezimbili kusukela ngosuku ukuthola zokuphula umthetho.

Ukuqedwa esiteji Ukuqalwa lokucasula ezinqubeni

Art. 28.1 kweKhodi Administrative ulawula ekupheleni test ukukhiqizwa. Lapho ukudluliswa kunjalo isikhulu livunyelwe okwengeziwe ngale ndaba, i-obhekelele icala zokuphatha. Endabeni ka Ukuvalwa ngesinqumo ukukhiqizwa senziwe ukungavumi owamisa zobulelesi. Ngokusho Art. 28.1 kweKhodi Administrative, isizathu ukwehluleka ukungabi Corpus delicti ku izinto ezazikhona, imibiko kanye nezitatimende zenziwa.

Ekuklanyweni protocol akudingekile uma isephulamthetho uyakuba necala umthwalo wokuphatha ngesimo isexwayiso wetemlomo nobe inhlawulo in inani amaholo olulodwa okungenani, futhi ephula umthetho namasiko - ngokuphindwe kayishumi. I kungenzeka i isigwebo zokuphatha, ukuhlinzeka ukuqokwa nokuziphendulela izinyathelo ngaphandle olandelwayo, waqaphela umbono lula ukukhiqiza.

Esikhathini Ikhodi Administrative we Russian Federation ngamazwana kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe indlela leli dokhumenti ukubuya kumuntu, ukubunjwa kwakhe, uma ekhona irekhodi ukukhubazeka okukhulu. Noma ikuphi ukungafani kumelwe iqedwe isikhulu zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu, futhi izinguquko noma izithasiselo izinto eziyinhloko wabuyela umhlanganyeli ieala zokuphatha emini.