Isicisha umlilo: isheke sesimo

Umlilo - isenzakalo esibi kakhulu, okuwumphumela wokubhujiswa kwezakhiwo ze-degrees ezahlukene, ukubhujiswa kwempahla, ukulimala empilweni kanye nokuphila kwabantu. Kuzo zonke izikhungo zokuphepha, izicima umlilo zifakiwe. Kodwa ukuze isicima umlilo singaphumeleli ngesikhathi esifanele, kubalulekile ukuhlola njalo idivayisi nokuhlola isimo sayo.

Izinhlobo zamadivayisi

Izicima umlilo zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo eziningana kuye ngezinhloso kanye nesigaba somlilo.

1. Isigqoko samapayipi. Idivaysi yendawo yonke efanelekile ukucima umlilo emakilasini A, B, C, E. Idivayisi iklanyelwe ukucima umlilo omncane nokushisa izinto ezinamandla ezivela emvelweni, izinto zokuqhaqha kanye nokufakwa kwamagesi kumagagasi kuze kufike ku-1000 V.
2. I-air-foam. Kufanelekile ukucima umlilo wezindawo ezikhuni, uketshezi oluvuthayo, amafutha namafutha. Zisetshenziswa ukuqeda imililo yezinto ezivuthayo eside. Akuvumelekile ukusebenzisa amadivaysi aloluhlobo ukuqeda umlilo wezakhiwo nezakhiwo ezenziwe nge-aluminium, izinto eziqukethe i-sodium, i-magnesium, i-potassium nezinye izinto zensimbi ze-alkaline ukucima amadivayisi afakwe kwinethiwekhi yokunikezela amandla.
3. Izinhlobo zokucima umlilo zomlilo noma zamanzi. Zisetshenziselwa ukucima umlilo we-Class A (uma kwenzeka ukushisa kwama-solids) ne-Class B (uma kusetshenziselwa izinto ezivuthayo). Zibhekwa njengeziphephe kakhulu empilweni yabantu.
4. I-emulsion yomoya. Kufanelekile ukucima umlilo we-Class A, B no-E. Ayisetshenziselwa ukuthola imililo yezinto ezisesimweni sokugesi, izinsimbi zomhlaba we-alkali kanye nekotini.
5. I-gas ne-carbon dioxide. Ukusetshenziswa kwezicima umlilo zalolu hlobo akufanelekile ukutholakala komlilo nemililo ezintweni ezenziwe ngezinto eziqukethe magnesium, sodium kanye ne-aluminium. Idivayisi ayifanele ukucima amapayipi nemishini esebenzayo ekushiseni okuphezulu.

Imithetho yokuhlola izicima umlilo

Wonke amadivayisi asele nhlangano ahlolwa. Ukuhlola njalo nokuvuselela izicima umlilo kuyenziwa ngemuva kokuthi amadivayisi aqalwe ukusebenza. Wonke amadivayisi asele nhlangano ahlolwa. Ukuhlolwa kwezicima umlilo kuqhutshwa ngumuntu oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile owaziyo imibhalo yokuphatha kanye nezobuchwepheshe kanye nazo zonke izidingo ezidingekayo okumele zihlangane nazo zonke izicima umlilo. Isiketshezi sivame ukuqhutshwa yinjini yokuphepha komlilo.

Inqubo yokuqinisekisa inezinyathelo eziningana:

• Ukuhlolwa kokubonakala kwedivayisi;
• Ukuhlolwa kwendawo yedivayisi nokuqinisekiswa kokuhambisana namadokhumenti;
• Ukulawula kwengcindezi eboniswe kumanometer.

Imiphumela yesheke ifakiwe kumadokhumenti. Idatha ekuhlolweni kwedivaysi ibhaliswe ku-log ekhethekile yokuhlolwa komlilo. Kulo dokhumenti, udokotela owenza ukuhlolwa kwedivayisi urekhoda idatha ekubuyiselweni kwedivayisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhishwa isenzo sokuhlola izicima umlilo. Ibonisa ulwazi lapho kukhona amadivaysi okuqeda imililo nemililo, idatha esimweni sabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokuhlola umbuso kufanele iqhutshwe ngesikhathi esibekiwe sokuhlolwa kwezicima umlilo.

Ukuvama kokuhlolwa

Ukuhlola amadivayisi wokuqeda umlilo kuqhutshwa ngezikhathi ezicacisiwe. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlola:

• Qedela;
• Ngonyaka;
• Ngomunye.

Ngetshe ngalinye, kunezinkomba ezithile ezihlolwa ngabachwepheshe. Njengomthetho, isheke esiphezulu senziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwonyaka.

Ukubuyekezwa kwekota

Iqhutshwa ngumchwepheshe wezokuphepha komlilo njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, indawo lapho kutholakala khona ukucima umlilo ngamunye kulinganiselwa. Ukuqinisekiswa kwenziwa futhi ngenhloso yokuhlolwa okubukwayo kwedivayisi.

Izinkomba eziyinhloko zokuhlola ziyisimo se-cylinder yokugqoka, ukutholakala nobuqotho bemilayezo yokusebenza yensimbi, ukusebenza komuntu, isimo sokusebenza sezingxenye eziqinisekisa ukupunika kokuqukethwe kwe-cylinder, ubuningi be-agent yokucima kanye nokucindezela okujwayelekile ku-cylinder.

Ukuhlolwa kwonyaka

Yenziwa kanye ngonyaka. Indlela yokuqinisekisa ixhomeke kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokucima umlilo olulethwa kumhloli. Izicishazimoto ze-powder zihlolwe indlela yokukhetha. Iqukethe ukuhlola inani elithile lamadivayisi atholakala kusayithi. Inombolo yamadivayisi okufanele ahlolwe akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-3% wenani eliphelele. Udokotela ovula umcibisholo ngamunye okhethiwe. Isheke senziwa ngenhloso yokuhlola isimo sezinto ezisebenzayo ezihloswe ukuze kutholakale umlilo. Izicima umlilo zokucima umlilo zihlolwe ukuze zihlolwe isimo sangaphandle sedivaysi kanye nobuqotho bendawo, indlela yokuvala, ukuphepha kwezimpawu, amathrekhi e-recharge ye-instrument kanye nemiyalelo yokusebenza. Uma kukhona ukungafani phakathi kwezidingo okungenani idivayisi eyodwa, wonke amadivaysi athunyelwa ukufaka kabusha indawo.

Iskena esiphelele

Kukhiqizwa okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Wonke amadivayisi akhululiwe kusuka kokuqukethwe kwangaphakathi, ahlanzeke ngokuphelele ngaphakathi futhi omisiwe. Bese bahlolwa amandla namandla. Izinkomba ezibalulekile zesimo esihle sedivaysi yilezi:

• Isimo sezingxenye zomlilo wokucima umlilo;
• Ukungabi namathambo wokushisa;
• Iwaranti nezinkathi zokuhlola zedivayisi;
• Isimo samanje samadivayisi wokugcizelela nokuhlunga, izakhi zokuvala kanye nama-valve.

Izidingo zokubeka izicisha umlilo

Kunezidingo ezithile endaweni lapho kucima umlilo khona. Ukuhlola ukufakwa kwedivaysi kwenziwa ngenkathi kuhlolwa ngamunye ochwepheshe bezokuphepha komlilo.

Idivaysi yokucima umlilo kufanele ifakwe ukuze ilanga eliqondile lingasifinyeleli, alikho ngaphansi kokudabuka, livikelwe emvelweni enobudlova kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Indawo yedivayisi kufanele ifinyeleleke kalula futhi ensimini yokubukwa, ukuze uma kwenzeka umlilo, ungathola isisimli somlilo ngokushesha bese wenza izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuqeda.

Indawo enconyiwe yedivayisi yi-aisles futhi iphuma. Izicima umlilo akufanele zivimbele ukukhululwa kwabantu mahhala uma kwenzeka umlilo. Ama-instrument angabekwe kuma-brackets noma emabhodini emlilo, ngezihlangu ezikhethekile noma emasimini.

Ukufaka izicima umlilo endaweni yokugcina impahla kanye nezakhiwo zezimboni kufanele zihlome izihlangu ezikhethekile zomlilo.

Ezindaweni ezigcwele imishini ehlukahlukene, efihliwe ngamadivaysi okucima umlilo, kumele kube nezinkomba zendawo zamadivayisi ezenziwe ngokuhambisana ne-GOST.

Ukubuyisela kabusha amadivaysi ayisisekelo wokuqeda umlilo

Ukuvuselelwa kwezicima umlilo kuyenziwa ukuze kugcinwe ukuthi idivayisi isesimweni esihle nokuqina komzimba esikhathini esichazwe umenzi. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, okuqukethwe kwesitsha somlilo wokucima umlilo kuhlaziywa, uma kwenzeka ukuhlola amadivaysi e-powder, izinga lokuguquka kanye nomswakama wokuqukethwe kwangaphakathi kulinganiswa. Uma kutholakala okungahambisani nalokhu, okuqukethwe kwensimbi kuthathwa indawo. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi idivayisi isebenza kahle futhi akukho ziphutha ezitholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlola, isicima umlilo silayishwa kabusha ngokusekelwe ekuqaleni kokusebenza. Ukuvuselelwa kwama-powder kanye ne-carbon dioxide ukucisha umlilo kusebenza kanye kuphela eminyakeni emihlanu. Ukufeza inqubo yokuvuselela amanzi nezicima umlilo, kanye nezicisha umlilo nezihlanganisi zamanzi, kubalulekile kaningi - kanye ngonyaka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulayishwa kabusha kwedivayisi yokucisha umlilo kuyadingeka kula macala alandelayo:

• Ukusetshenziswa okukodwa noma okuphelele kwezinto eziqukethwe kwisitsha ngesikhathi sokucima;
• Ukuvuza kokuqukethwe okudlula izinga elivumelekile.

Ukuqashwa kabusha kwezicima umlilo kuqhutshwa kanye ngonyaka. Ukuvuselelwa nokuhlolwa kwamadivaysi okuqeda umlilo okuyisisekelo okukhona ezindaweni ezivulekile kufanele kwenziwe kabili kaningi.

Isiphetho

Ukutholakala kwemishini yokuqothula umlilo kuyimfuneko esikhungweni ngasinye. Kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukubeka kahle amadivayisi kusayithi, kodwa futhi futhi uqaphe ngokucophelela isimo samadivayisi. Ukuziphatha okuhlosiwe kokuhlola kuyisici esibalulekile sokulwa nokuvela kwemililo engenzeka. Idivayisi enhle yokucisha umlilo izosiza ukubhekana nomlilo futhi igweme ukulimala kwabantu nokulahlekelwa impahla.