Isethelayithi Ganymede. Ganymede - inyanga kaJupiter

Isethelayithi Ganymede - into evelele kakhulu Jupiter Suites. Negesi giant phakathi amaplanethi, liphakathi izinyanga sonozungezilanga ivelele ngosayizi. I ububanzi Ganymede kuyinto ngisho ngaphambi Mercury ne-Pluto. Nokho, hhayi nje kuphela ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, isiphuphutheki of Jupiter edonsela emehlweni abacwaningi. ongakhetha eminingi ikwenza into ezithakazelisayo kakhulu akhona: i-magnetic field, impumuzo, isakhiwo sangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ganymede - satellite, okungase kwakuthiwa ukusekela ukuphila.

ukutholakala

Isikhulu usuku okuqala Januwari 7, 1610. Ngalolu suku, i-Jupiter waphenduka isibonakude yakhe (ngq) uGalileo Galilei. Wathola iziphuphutheki ezine giant igesi: Io, Europa, Ganymede futhi Callisto. Lapho sekusele cishe unyaka lo izinto ezifanayo wabukela Simon Mary, oyisazi sezinkanyezi evela eJalimane. Nokho, akazange enze umphakathi idatha ngesikhathi.

amagama ajwayelekile emizimbeni cosmic walinika Simon uMariya. UGalileo uye wababiza ngokuthi "izwe Medici" futhi ngasinye inikezwa inamba ye-serial. Call izinyanga amagama Jupiter izinganekwane ngesiGreki namaqhawe baba empeleni kuphela phakathi leminyaka elidlule.

Zonke izidumbu ezine cosmic nazo ukubizwa ngokuthi "izinyanga waseGalile!". Isici esivelele sesimiso Io, i-Europa ne Ganymede Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi orbit nge resonance esemkhathini 4: 2: 1. Ukuze kuyilapho elikhulu izimpukane ezine emhlabeni Jupiter, Europe ekwazile ukwenza 2 futhi Io - badedelane ezine.

Izici

Isethelayithi Ganymede ekuhlaba umxhwele ngempela nge lingakanani. Ubukhulu bayo kuyinto 5262 km (ukuqhathanisa, ipharamitha efanayo ulinganiswa Mercury 4879,7 km). Ngokusho kobukhulu kuba kabili enyangeni. Kulokhu, nenqwaba Ganymede unikeza Mercury izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili. Isizathu salokhu itholakala kwabantu eliphansi into. Kuyinto kuphela enkulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunezwe izici ezifanayo emanzini. Futhi lokhu ingenye yezizathu ukucabangela ukuthi into edingekayo ukuze kube nokuphila kunoma Ganymede likhona, futhi izinto eziningi ezinkulu ngokwanele.

ebusweni

Ganymede - inyanga Jupiter sika, ezinye zezici zalo zifane inyanga. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona asemigodini kwesokunxele emkhathini. ubudala babo balinganiselwa ku iminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 3-3.5. iminonjana ezifanayo esikhathini esidlule nezamanje ngobuningi phezu kwenyanga.

Ganymede kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili impumuzo. izindawo Dark, kakhulu cratered, kucatshangwa ukuthi amadala. Nabo side by side izindawo "abasha" we ebusweni, ukukhanya uphosa emikhulu kanye anemifantu. Lesi sakamuva, ngokososayensi, kwamiswa ngenxa izinqubo zomhlaba.

Isakhiwo koqweqwe satellite, mhlawumbe okusikhumbuza isakhiwo esifanayo emhlabeni. izingqimba zomhlaba, okuyizinto on Ganymede nezixhobo enkulu ice kungase kudonse hambisa futhi kungqubuzana, ukwakha amaphutha nezintaba ezingaphansi kolwandle. Lokhu kucatshangwa kuqinisekiswa wathola notshwala eqandisiwe udaka lasendulo.

Mhlawumbe furrow ukukhanya izingxenye satellite abasebasha ezakhiwe amapuleti umehluko, ukugcwalisa ukwa nge into viscous ngaphansi amagxolo yokutakula obengeziwe ebusweni ice.

izindawo Dark embozwe into kokuba umsuka meteoric noma abasafufusa ngenxa ukuhwamuka zishintshe amanzi. Ngaphansi isembozo wakhe mncane kangakanani, ngokuvumelana abacwaningi, ice ahlanzekile.

I etholakale muva nje

Ngo-Ephreli nonyaka senziwa ulwazi lwezebhizinisi mayelana kuvulwa ososayensi ababili base-United States. Enkabazwe, satellite Ganymede bafumana iqhubu ezinkulu. Fundisa ubungako bawo ifaniswe ne-Ecuador futhi ukuphakama ifinyelela nengxenye ka Mount Kilimanjaro.

Imbangela okungaba lokhu kubhekwa ikakhulukazi impumuzo ebusweni ice drift komunye isigxobo nenkabazwe. ukunyakaza okunjalo kungenzeka uma ulwandle itholakala ngaphansi kuqweqwe ka Ganymede. ukhona Sekuyisikhathi eside okuxoxwe emhlabeni yesayensi, kanye ukutholakala entsha babekwazi ukunikeza ubufakazi obengeziwe le mfundiso.

sakhiwo sangekhatsi

Amanzi ice, ngokuvumelana akhona, sibaningi ezitholakala asendaweni - esinye isici ephawula Ganymede. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke izinyanga Jupiter inezendlalelo ezintathu kwangaphakathi:

• core ezibunjiwe, ehlanganisa noma kuphela insimbi noma insimbi nesibabule ukungcola;

• isiphuku ehlanganisa idwala;

• ice ungqimba ngendlela ukushuba 900-950 km.

Mhlawumbe phakathi eqhweni futhi isiphuku wembozwe namanzi. Kulokhu-ke izinga lokushisa ngezansi zero, kodwa ayigongobali ngenxa umfutho ophakeme. I ukujiya ungqimba kulinganiselwa khona ukuthi amakhilomitha ambalwa sisekuciniseni at a 170 km ukujula.

amandla kazibuthe

Ganymede satellite akuyona ephathelene nokunyakaza kwezingqimba zomhlaba Earth-like kuphela. Esinye isici esiphawulekayo ensimini lazo elinamandla kuhle kukazibuthe ifaniswe ukwakheka efanayo kule planethi yethu. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi lokhu mkhuba esimweni Ganymede kungaba izizathu ezimbili kuphela. Eyokuqala - core esibunjiweyo. Esesibili - ungqimba nosawoti ketshezi, kagesi kahle conductive, ngaphansi iqhwa uqweqwe satellite.

Esivuna nokucabanga yokugcina idatha "uGalileo" uhlelo, kanye ucwaningo lwamuva we-aurora Ganymede. Jupiter disorder kunomthelela kazibuthe we-satellite. Njengoba kwase kunesiqiniseko phakathi nesifundo we-aurora, ukubaluleka kwabo aphansi kunokulindelekile. Kungenzeka imbangela ngeziphambeko - uketshezi subsurface ulwandle. Uhlonze lwalo kungenzeka kuze kube km 100. Kulesi ungqimba kufanele ibe namanzi angaphezu kuka bonke ubuso Earth.

imibono enjalo imane ukunikeza ithuba sina ukucabanga amathuba ukuthi Ganymede - satellite, lapho kunempilo khona. The kungenzeka lokhu ngokungaqondile kuqinisekisa ukuthola eziphilayo eMhlabeni ezimweni ezibonakala zingelutho kuso efanelekayo: iziphethu ezishisayo, ku ekujuleni kolwandle kunjalo akukho-mpilo nokunye. Nakuba Ganymede satellite yaziwa njengenye ikhandidethi Cishe ngesikhathi betholakala ezidalweni ezingaphandle komhlaba. Ngakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungase ukusungula iziteshi indiza interplanetary.