Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo American futhi isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Meyo Elton: Biography, umnikelo isayensi. experiment Hawthorne

ukuphathwa angaphandle Modern theory abaningi esekelwe emibonweni yabantu kwezesayensi kwesinye sezikole main - the ngokomqondo, nokwagcina uyakucabangela indima ubudlelwane obufanele nezindlela zokuziphatha. umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni lesi School of Management, owethulwa Elton Mayo. Human ubudlelwane esikoleni kwaphawula ukuqala ucwaningo olusha emkhakheni wesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu zokuphatha, Psychology yenhlangano kanye nokuphathwa kwengqondo.

Elton Mayo: A Biography (1880 - 1949)

Meyo Elton owazalelwa e-Australia (e-Adelaide) ngo-1880 emndenini real-estate. Ukuhlela umsebenzi ukuze ngizuze ifa kumkhulu wakhe, owayengomunye udokotela ohlinzayo abadumile, Mayo Elton iminyaka emine ubudokotela ezikhungweni ezahlukene zemfundo: Adelaide University, Edinburgh University, i-London School of Medicine. Ethakazeliswe humanities, yena ngo-1911 wathola iziqu University ngezinga e "Psychology."

Meyo Elton ukuzinikela ukuba isayensi kunifundisile e-University of Queensland (Brisbane), kulandele-University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia), futhi kusukela 1926 - eHarvard Business School (USA). Kwaphela iminyaka emihlanu kuyimi Meyo Elton, uprofesa futhi iphrojekthi umphathi, wahlanganyela ucwaningo zezimboni, uxhaso yi Rockefeller Foundation. Ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, wathuthela eNgilandi, lapho Meyo Elton wafa ngo-1949.

ucwaningo Hawthorne Mayo

Ikakhulukazi othandwayo kuleli wezesayensi kwadingeka ucwaningo Elton Mayo, eyayiqhutshwa Hawthorne omunye izinkampani okuholela - "Western Electric" eminyakeni 1927-1932. Inqubo ukukhiqizwa ngesikhathi ibhizinisi kwahlelwa Ngenxa yesayensi ukuphathwa imiqondo of Taylor futhi Ford.

imodeli HR ukuphathwa kwaba paternalistic. Ngesikhathi abasebenzi efanayo isikhathi abe impesheni yibhange, umshuwalense wezempilo nokukhubazeka. Lugxile hhayi kuphela ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda zezimboni, kanye ukwakhiwa ezemidlalo amasimu, izikole, izitolo, amakilabhu, njll Inani labasebenzi - izinkulungwane zabantu 30 bezizwe ezihlukahlukene.

izigaba cwaningo

Lolu cwaningo kuqala ukuhlola (1924-1927 GG.) Ingabe okuhloswe ngazo ekutadisheni umphumela ukukhanya kuma ku umkhiqizo. Umbono mayelana nomphumela omuhle sokukhanyisa awuzange baqinisekisa. Abacwaningi yabhekisela yokuthi umshikashika umkhiqizo siyashintsha ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezihlukahlukene ezingezinhle.

(. 1927-1932) Sigaba cwaningo yesibili yayinokufanayo igama "ucwaningo Hawthorne" lapho amaqembu amaningana Kwakuhileleke: iqembu lamabutho abaqoqi edluliselwe abasebenzi exfoliated mica, typists lamabutho kanye lamabutho zabantu, ubani okufanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngocingo, ikhoyili emazombezombe, njll . kukhethwa amaqembu kwakubangelwa ukufana nemibandela zokusebenza - nomsebenzi ephindaphindwayo, okuyinto edingekayo ngokunemba high.

Ingqikithi yalo ucwaningo Hawthorne

Ngo ukuhlola amaqembu iqhaza abaqoqi edluliselwe waqale kukalwa izinga labo ngazinye umkhiqizo. Ngo inqubo abasebenzi ucwaningo iqembu ihlinzeka ezihlukahlukene izici ezengeziwe, izimo zokusebenza washintsha, njll ukuze bathole idatha mayelana izici ezithinta ukusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, indlela yokugqugquzela iqembu yasetshenziselwa ukwethula ikhefu eyengeziwe ukuze bathole ukuphumula, ziyancipha isikhathi umsebenzi masonto onke nsuku zonke, kwaqina ukuqapha impilo yabasebenzi, kakhudlwana wanikezwa kubahlanganyeli ukuhlola ukuphathwa kwenkampani.

Lezi zimali nomthelela umphumela kwenta kancono simo sabomake abasebenzi, ukugcina wobungane kule team. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iqembu ukushayisana phakathi abasebenzi ababili besifazane kanye nenhloko sokuhlola, umkhiqizo banyukubala. Ngemva ukuxoshwa lezi zisebenzi futhi ahambe nazo esontweni yabo ubukghoni ukukhiqizwa liye landa ngamaphesenti cishe 30%.

Abahlela ukuhlolwa wasikisela ukuba abasanda kubuthwa, magange ukubonisa ukubaluleka kwayo futhi ezimisiwe, aphathwe ngokucophelela ukuze imisebenzi babo bomsebenzi, futhi izisebenzi esezikhulile, funa yokuxoshwa, futhi bakhiqiza kangcono.

Eyesibili lamabutho pickers, iqembu control, kwabuye amaphrimiyamu umsebenzi iqembu, kanye nezinye izimo ezengeziwe kungukuthi qamba them.

Umsebenzi Brigade, okwakubekelwa wahlanganyela delamination ka mica, zikhokhelwa kuye ngomuntu ucezu-rate uhlelo amaholo. typists iqembu wakhushulelwa amaholo weviki asuselwa imiphumela umsebenzi owawenziwa ngamunye.

Iqhaza umsebenzi yokulinga e Mayo

Meyo Elton wathola nemibiko emayelana ukuziphatha yochungechunge oluthile lwezinto ezenzeke izifundo kohlaka sokuhlola, echazwe futhi bechaza amandla imiphumela, inkampani wacebisa abacwaningi, umphakathi bajwayelane imiphumela ucwaningo Hawthorne. Le nkampani "Western Electric" umsebenzi Mayo ukhokhelwe inani $ 2,500 ngonyaka (1929-1933.). Ekupheleni ukucwaninga, ngo-1933, wakhipha umqulu indatshana Mayo "izinkinga Engumuntu intuthuko yezimboni," okuyinto akazange embule imiphumela yocwaningo, kanye nekhava ezindabeni nesimo esithule kwezenhlalo yomphakathi yezimboni.

Ukuhunyushwa imiphumela Elton Mayo

Ukuhlaziya imiphumela ucwaningo Hawthorne, Meyo Elton ligxile Psychology umsebenzi, ukufakwa sangaphakathi isisebenzi, ukwaneliseka kwakhe ukwenza umsebenzi, kanye emkhathini ngokwengqondo iqembu nobuholi isitayela.

Abagxeki baye kuphawulwe ukuthi ukunakwa ngokwanele ikhokhelwa Mayo zabasebenzi impahla nemihlomulo. Ukucabanga nesimo esithule kwezenhlalo, Mayo uphawula ukuthi ngenxa yokuphila yasedolobheni kanye nekwakhiwa kwetimboni zomphakathi ubhekene nenhlekelele kwamasiko (anomie).

eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma Mayo

Ngokuvamile, isifundo esiphathelene nobuhlobo obufanele endaweni yokusebenza kanye nezidingo abasebenzi 'ngazinye, yabeka isisekelo sezinkolo a Paradigm entsha e ukuphathwa ithiyori, abazihlanganisa igama Elton Mayo.

Imiphumela yocwaningo yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo le substantiation yesayensi umqondo nokuphucula umkhiqizo ngenxa izinguquko ngokuya angaphatheki. Ngokungafani neminye ezibhekwa ubuhlobo eyisisekelo umkhiqizo kanye namaholo, Meyo Elton wasikisela ukuthi izinga umsebenzi kuthinta ukwaneliseka umsebenzi zikuphi ithimba, ubudlelwano abaphathi kanye nozakwabo.

Ngakho, ekuthuthukiseni isiko yenhlangano, ngcono sphere okusebenzelana nabanye ukhiye ukulawula ngempumelelo, njengoba kuphawuliwe Elton Mayo. ucwaningo Hawthorne kwafakazela igunya ithonya lomuntu ngezinto ukushukuma Paradigm zokuphatha.

Kontsentsiya yokuziphatha emphakathini

Ngo Ngokuphikisana nesiko indoda kwezomnotho (Taylor), umbono ngokuziphatha komuntu kwezenhlalo esebeké phambili Elton Mayo. Ukuphathwa ihlose ukwandisa umkhiqizo in the team. Ngokuhlanganyela zabasebenzi, njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo kwezenhlalo, ezahlukene impahla nesummativnosti, okungukuthi, irreducibility izakhiwo uhlelo isamba izakhiwo izakhi zalo. Amalungu abasebenzi, ngamunye kuwo ungumuntu ukuthi ukhathalela izithakazelo zazo, izidingo nezinhloso, ifomu uhlale esimisweni sezenhlalo esiyingqayizivele.

amasu nokuphatha okuhloswe ngakho uhlelo ukusebenza ngempumelelo. Ithimba ngalinye ngeke kushintshwe. Kodwa ngokuvamile, uhlelo lokulawula esekelwe authoritarianism, kungase kube isikhathi esifushane, futhi ngempumelelo kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Izinto ezenziwa abantu bangaphumelela kuphela nge mbandela ukuthi lihlangabezana izithakazelo zakhe.