Iphi izwekazi elihlanjwe yi-Pacific Ocean: uhlu

Emhlabeni, kunezilwandle ezine, ososayensi bacabangela umqondo wokubhala phansi kanye nohlanu. Omunye wemithi emikhulu yamanzi yi-Pacific Ocean. Mayelana nalokho aziwa ngakho, yiziphi amazwekazi namazwe ahlambayo, funda kulesi sihloko.

Umlando

Ukuze ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi amazwekazi iPacific ukugeza kuthakazelisa, kodwa kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukutadisha umlando wendawo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kwaqala ngo-1513, lapho umqhubi waseSpain uSasco Nunez de Balboa, ewela i-Isthmus yasePanama, wathola indawo emanzi engaziwa. Wabiza ngokuthi i-Southern Ocean, ngoba indlela yeSpanishi yayihlala eningizimu.

Omunye umjikelezi uMagellan naye wathola lesi sikhala ngo-1520 futhi wamnika igama lokuthi uhamba kuze kube yilolu suku. Kungani kungasolwandle olumsindo? Iqiniso liwukuthi ngalolo suku kwakukhona isimo sezulu esithulile, esithulile futhi amanzi kwakuyisimo esihle esiphezulu.

Ngisho nangemva kwalokho, lapho abantu bezibuza ukuthi yiziphi amazwekazi ePacific ayewahlanza, kwahlongozwa elinye igama. Ngo-1753, kunqunywe ukuba kubizwe ngokuthi Omkhulu, kodwa leli gama, nakuba libhekwa yindawo, alizange lihlale phansi, futhi abadlali be-geographer bayalibiza ngokuthi i-Pacific Ocean.

Isici

Ngaphambi kokuphendula umbuzo: "Kuyini ukuhlanza iPacific?", Kubalulekile ukutshela ngakho ngokuningiliziwe. Ngakho-ke, lena yilwandle elikhulu kunazo zonke, indawo yalo ingaphansi kwamakhilomitha ayisigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-180, okucacile - 178.7. Okumangalisa ukuthi lokhu kungaphezu kwenani lazo zonke amazwekazi ezisePlanethi, futhi lokhu kungaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zobuso bayo nengxenye yendawo ye-World Ocean.

Lo mzimba wamanzi uqukethe izimfihlakalo eziningi. Izindawo eziningi ezingavunyelwe zisendaweni yayo. Isibonelo, lapha ukuthi idokodo elidumile laseMariana likhona, ukujula kwalo kungamakhilomitha ayishumi nanye namamitha amabili nambili.

I-Pacific Ocean inkulu kakhulu kangangokuba amanzi ayo ahlanza amazwekazi ayisihlanu emhlabeni wonke okuthiwa uMhlaba. Indawo yodwa lapho ama-currents ayo angafinyelele khona yi-Afrika, ejikelezwe yizilwandle zaseNdiya nase-Atlantic. Amanzi alesi sitsha ngandlela-thile abathinta wonke amazwekazi. Lokhu kungenxa yokutholakala kolwandle olwandle.

Amanqamu olwandle - kuyini?

Zingaphi amazwekazi ukugeza kwePacific? Ezinhlanu. Amanzi ayo awafinyelela ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa yezilwandle, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-marginal. Lezi yizozinto zamanzi ezihlukaniswe nolwandle, kulokhu kuthungatha, ngenxa yanoma yimaphi ama-peninsula kanye neziqhingi. Akuzona amanzi ajulile, njengoba atholakala, njengombuso, emashalofini.

Indawo ephelele yazo zonke izilwane zasolwandle, izinhlanzi, kanye nezindawo ezisePacific Ocean, yizigidi ezingu-31.64 million. Ngokuyinhloko, zitholakala esifundeni esentshonalanga yolwandle. Akuyona indawo yonke lapho kunezilwandle zasemgodini, isibonelo, azikho eduze kwezwekazikazi negama elibizwa ngokuthi i-America, kodwa lapha kunenqwaba yamatshe: iPanama, eCalifornia nabanye.

AmaLwandle angomakhelwane

Ukukhuluma ukuthi yiziphi amazwekazi ahlanjululwa yi-Pacific Ocean, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amazwekazi amaningi ahlanjululwa ngamanqamuzana amaningana amanzi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isibonelo, i-Eurasia ihambele olwandle olwandle - i-Arctic, i-Atlantic, i-Indian kanye ne-Pacific. Leli zwekazi liwukuphela kweplanethi ehlangana namanzi eminyango emine emikhulu yamanzi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ngokuqondene ne-Australia, ihlanjululwa ngamanzi asePacific kuphela, kodwa futhi i-Indian Ocean, eNyakatho Melika - i-Atlantic, i-Arctic ne-Pacific, eNingizimu Melika - efanayo, ngaphandle kwe-Arctic. I-Antarctica ixhumana namanzi ase-Southern Ocean (igama elivamile lamanzi olwandle oluthathu), oluhlanganisa ingxenye ethile yePacific.

Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, kungacaciswa ukuthi umzimba omkhulu wamanzi uweduze nawo wonke ama-olwandle. Njengoba inendawo enkulu futhi idluliselwa ngamakhilomitha amaningi, ixhunywe nezinye izikhala.

Yimaphi amazwe ahlanjwe yi-Pacific Ocean?

Ukukhuluma ukuthi yiziphi amazwekazi ahlanjululwa yiPacific, kubalulekile ukubalula amazwe asele ogwini lwawo. Lo mzimba wamanzi yiwona omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wethu, uhlanzwa amazwekazi amaningi. Ensimini yabo kukhona inani elikhulu lamazwe, ahlukene endaweni nendawo.

Ingqikithi, ihlanjwe yizinhla ezingaphezu kwama-50. Isibalo sabo cishe cishe isigamu sabo bonke abakhileyo emhlabeni obizwa ngokuthi uMhlaba. Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinhlangano ezixhumana nePacific Ocean: i-United States of America neCanada, ePeru naseGuatemala, eNicaragua naseVietnam, eChile nasePublic Republic of China, eJapane naseRussian Federation.

Yiqiniso, lokhu akuwona uhlu lonke, ngoba amazwe asheswe yizimbikazi ezinkulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ogwini lwasePacific Ocean yizifunda zase-Oceania.

Lo mzimba wamanzi ubaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wezwe. Ngakho-ke, amathaya amaningi atholakala ogwini lwawo. Isibonelo, leli dolobha ngaphansi kwamagama aseLos Angeles, eSan Francisco, eVladivostok, eNakhodka, eShanghai, e-Yokohama nakwabanye.

Iziphi izilwandle zasePacific ezigeza iRussia?

I-Russian Federation inomkhumbi omkhulu ogezwa yizilwandle eziyishumi nantathu kuphela. Abayishumi nambili kubo bangamabhasi asezilwandle ezintathu, kanti kuphela abathathu - endaweni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Le Bering, Japanese, kanye nolwandle lwase-Okhotsk.

Bahlukaniswa yiSakhalin naseKamchatka esiqhingini, kanti ingxenye yesibili ye-peninsula ihlanzwa ngamanzi asePacific Ocean ngokwayo. Lawa mazinga angabhekwa njengomngcele phakathi kwezwekazi elikhulu kunazo zonke nolwandle lwaseMhlabeni. Ungakha uhlu lwezilwandle ezigeza indawo yaseRussia, ngobukhulu bawo. Okujulile kuyoba yiLwandle lwaseBering, futhi encane kunazo zonke - i-Okhotsk Sea.