Indlela amaparele afaka ngayo emvelweni. Yeka ukuthi amaparele akhule kanjani

I-Pearl yisipho sesilwandle, esibonisa ukwethembeka, iqiniso, uthando. Kuyinto engokwemvelo, eyigugu kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Izindabakwane

Mayelana nokuthi kwakhiwe kanjani amaparele, abantu baye bacabanga kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Enye yezinganekwane ezinhle kakhulu ukuthi lezi yizinyembezi zenyanga enhle yokulila uthando nomndeni. Bathi kwenzeka ukuthi intombazane enhle isuka esibhakabhakeni, yakhonyiswa ulwandle, yahlangana nomfana odobayo ngobuhle obuhle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ehla ezulwini, walinda le nsizwa ekhuthele futhi ekugcineni, esebenze isibindi, wakhuluma naye. Ama-Nymphs afunda ukuthi insizwa idoba nsuku zonke ukuphulukisa unina.

Intombazane enhle yamhawukela umuntu ompofu, yaqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwanda usuku nosuku. Kwadlula isikhathi, umama waqhubeka nokulungisa, futhi le nsizwa yanikeza le ntombazane ukuba ibe ngumkakhe. I-nymph, eyathandana nomdobi, yavuma, futhi baphulukisa ngenjabulo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mbhangqwana waze waba nendodana. Kodwa onkulunkulu baye babona ngenhlalakahle yasemhlabeni yomakhelwane wasezulwini futhi bamjezisa, bavalelwe embhoshongweni. AmaParele akhiwa kanjani? Izinyembezi zentombazana zigeleza olwandle, zihlala ngamabollusk, futhi ziba ngamabhlogoni abo ubuhlalu obuhle kakhulu.

Inani kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo

Ayaziwa ukuthi ngabe amaparele aqala ukuthandwa yini bese efika ne-legend, noma kwenzeka okwehlukile, kodwa eGrisi naseRoma lasendulo, imigexo yolondolozi lolwandle yayiyigugu kakhulu. Ukwazi ngokusho komlando ukuthi amaparele akhiwa kanjani, abantu babhekwa njengophawu lokuthokoza nokuthembeka.

Isikhathi sidlulile, futhi ukuthandwa kwamaparele kwanda kuphela. Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, isembatho somshado somlobokazi sanqunywa ukuba sihlotshwe ngezipho zasolwandle. Ukuze abonise uthando lwabo ngentombazane, abantu abasha banikeza amaparele agqoke ngamaparele. Lokhu kwakubhekwa njengophawu oluthembekile kakhulu luthando lokuphila ngisho nesifungo sokuthembeka.

Udumo emhlabeni jikelele

Imithetho mayelana nokuthi amaparele akhiwa kanjani abantu abaningi abahlala emhlabeni. Kuzo zonke izindawo lapho, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ukukhishwa kwalesi sihloko kwaziwa, kunezindaba mayelana nomsuka wegugu elihle kakhulu egobolini lesibhakabhaka.

Isikhathi eside ubuhle besipho sokudoba bukhazimulisiwe ezinkondlweni zazo zonke izizwe. "I-Pearl" ngezilimi eziningi kuhloswe ngamazwi athi "aqhakazile", "ayingqayizivele". Ngokwesiko, kuvamile ukuqhathanisa ubuhle besifazane nobuhle bolwandle.

Ufuna ukwazi okuningi ngamapharele ezincwadini? Qaphela imisebenzi yezinkondlo:

• Isi-Japanese;
• Isi-Chinese;
• IsiPheresiya;
• I-Byzantine;
• AmaRoma.

Futhi isayensi isho ukuthini?

Uma uphendukela kumsosayensi ngombuzo: "Amapharele kanjani akhiwa?", Ungathola ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaliseni i-calcium carbonate ethile, eyaziwa ngokuthi unina weparele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekubunjweni kwe-bead eyodwa kukhona futhi i-conchiolin, edlala indima yezinto ezinamandla.

Uma kukhona into engaphandle kwenye igobolondo le-mollusc, amaparele avela ngesikhathi. Umcebo wenziwa kanjani? Izinzwa ze-mollusk ukuthi umzimba wangaphandle uvele "endlini" yayo. Kungaba:

• Ingqolowa yesihlabathi;
• Isibungu;
• I-Shell fragment.

Umzimba uzama ukususa lesi sici esikhaleni esiphilayo, lapho umzimba uvuleke khona umama we-pearl. Kukhona ukusabela kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni, futhi kubonakala ingubo.

Ubani, kanjani, yini?

Sekuyaziwa kakade ukuthi amakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezakhamuzi zasolwandle nabanamanzi bangakha amaparele. Isimo esiyinhloko kuba khona kwegobolondo. Kodwa ubuhlalu abufani: ukuma nombala kuhlukile. Okukhethwa kukho okujwayelekile kuyisithunzi somzimba omncane "ophuziwe". Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwandle lunikeza abantu amaparele:

• Pink;
• Okumnyama;
• Igolide;
• Umnyama;
• I-bronze;
• I-Greenish.

Njengoba amaparele egobolondo akhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya lemvelo, kungukubunjwa kwamakhemikhali amanzi lapho i-mollusc ephila khona ekhomba ukubala komcebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobonhlobo zama-mollusk zithintekayo, ngoba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zibhekwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinsawo emzimbeni.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, amaparele ayigugu kakhulu agxiliwe emanzini asePersian Gulf, anika abantu amaphilisi amhlophe-amhlophe namapirale.

Izimpahla zasolwandle eziyigugu, eziphuma emanzini aseduze:

• I-Madagascar;
• ENingizimu Melika;
• I-Philippines;
• I-Myanmar;
• Iziqhingi zasePacific nama-archipelagos.

Ingabe kungokwemvelo nje?

Omunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bale sipho sokudoba kulezi zinsuku yiJapane. Okumangalisa ukuthi kunezimbalwa ezimbalwa kuleli lizwe, kodwa abantu bendawo baqamba izindlela eziningana zokutshala amaparele.

Izimo ezikhethekile zidalwe ezisondelene kakhulu nemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinqubo zezimo zasendle zenziwe ngendlela efanele. Njengoba kulezi zimo amaparele akhiqizwa ngokwemvelo, kuyabaluleka kakhulu.

Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe

Baxoxa ngokuthi amaparele akhiwa kanjani kugobolondo, izithombe ezithathwe olwandle kanye nezitshalo ezikhethekile zokulima.

Ubuhle obumphumela buba nezici ezilandelayo:

• Ubunzima - 2.5-4.5 Mohs;
• Ubukhulu buyi-2.7 g / cm ³ .

Ukwelashwa kwendawo okukhethekile akudingeki.

Iparele liphila iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu noma amathathu. Ubude obuqondile buxhomeke emvelaphi. Udaba lwe-organic, emva kwamashumi eminyaka, lulahlekelwa umswakama walo, okwenza umhlobiso ube mnandi, uphumule, izinqubo zokuqedwa ziqala.

Ukuze amaparele aphile isikhathi eside, udinga ukunakekelwa:

• Ungalondolozi endaweni enomvu, endaweni eyomile;
• Akuvumelekile ukushaya ilanga eliqondile;
• Lapho ugeza ugeza ngamanzi usawoti;
• Ezimpawu zokuqala zokubhujiswa zisebenzisa i-ether, i-carbonic acid.

Izindabakwane zamanje

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abantu besazi ukuthi amaparele afana kanjani emvelo, kuze kube yilolu suku kukhona izinkolelo ezithile ezihambisana nale nqubo. Ziyizona eziqine kakhulu eziqhingini ezihlala ngezindleko zama-pearl ezihlukahlukene.

EBorneo, abantu bakholelwa ukuthi iparele lesishiyagalolunye linempahla eyingqayizivele - iveza okufanayo. Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi zithatha iziqukathi ezincane, lapho amaparele ahlanganiswa khona, ukuwaxuba nelayisi - okusanhlamvu ezimbili kwesipho ngasinye somkhumbi, bese ulinda lapho umcebo uba mkhulu.

I-Pearl nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu

Njengoba abantu bebona ukuthi amaparele akhiwe kanjani kuma-mollusks, kwakungenzeka ukwakha izimboni zokutshala izimpahla zasolwandle. Yiyona ubuhlalu obuhlonywayo obwenzeka namuhla kakhulu kaningi.

Ukulima kwasungulwa ngo-1896, ngesikhathi esifanayo inqubo yenziwe ngokushesha. Umbhali womqondo yiJapane Kohiki Mikimoto. Ukwenza iparele likhudlwana, umsunguli ucabangile ukubeka i-bead kugobolondo, owathola iparele elivuthiwe, elihle, elikhulu eminyakeni embalwa kamuva.

Ngemva kokufunda ukuthi amaparele angokwemvelo akhiwa kanjani, kwahlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kokukhiqiza okufanayo ukukhiqizwa okufanayo. Nokho, ngobuhle bazo, azifani nezipho zolwandle. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuyisisekelo seglasi, ehlotshiswe nge- pearl powder noma ehlanganiswe nengqimba encane yomama we-pearl. Ukuqonda okuphambi kwakho, faka uhlolo: uphonsa into endizeni yetshe. Amapharele emvelo adonsela phezulu futhi afana nebhola, futhi - akukho.

Enye indlela yokuhlukanisa amaparele amanga kumaparele emvelo ukwenza umkhiqizo emazinyo. Uma unomuzwa wokuthi ubuso bunzima, lokhu kuyimvelo yemvelo. Kodwa ukulingiswa kwezezimboni kuzozizwa kubushelelezi ngokuphelele.

Izici ezithakazelisayo

Ezweni kunomunye wamaminerali phakathi kwezinto eziyigugu, ezingadingeki ukuthi zicutshungulwe. Lena iparele langokwemvelo. Indlela iparele eyakhiwa ngayo ichazwa ngenhla. Yizinto eziphawulekayo kule nqubo eyayiqamba ubuhle obunjalo, ubushelelezi, ukufaneleka kokuthwala isipho sezilwandle ngokushesha ngemva kokukhipha kwayo.

Njengoba izazi ze-archeologists zithi, amaparele kwakuyizinto zokuqala eziyigugu ezithandwa umuntu ngenxa yobuhle bakhe.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamaparele kwakhiwa amaShayina eminyaka engama-42 edlule. Ingcebo ekhishwe eChina yasetshenziswa:

• Njengemihlobiso;
• Njengemali;
• Ukukhomba isimo senhlalo.

Amaparele angawazisa kakhulu eGibhithe naseMesopotamia. Bazihlobisa ngemicebo yeSamiramis, eCleopatra, ephuma emagagini olwandle. I-legend ithi ubuhle baseGibhithe kanye, ngokuphikisana noMarko Antony, baqeda iparele ewayini baphuza isiphuzo.

Esinye isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando esibalulekile sihlobene nokukhishwa kwamaparele kanje. Lapho u-Alexander waseMakedon ezobamba iNdiya, abacebisi bamncoma ukuba aqale noSocotra, owaziwayo ngalezo zinsuku izidakamizwa zezinto zokugqoka zasolwandle. Umqhawe omkhulu washaywa ubuhle bamaparele, ikakhulukazi inhlanganisela enhle kakhulu yezimbali ezimnyama, ezimhlophe nezibomvana. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, waqala ukuqoqa izintambo zamapharele, okwathi ngokushesha wathatha abanye abantu abahloniphekile nabacebile. Lo mbono wokuqoqa amatshe ayigugu awunciphisa ngisho nasezinsukwini zethu.

Amaparele nabaphathi

Izinhlobonhlobo zamaparele ezemvelo ziyabaluleka. Yakhiwa kanjani (izithombe ezithathwe ngaphansi kwamanzi, ake zibone) izinhlobo ezinjalo ezicebile zobucwebe kusuka kuhlobo olulodwa lwezinto eziluhlaza? Imfihlo yilelo mvelo inikeza abantu izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuhlalu. Kunesigaba samazwe ngamazwe esihlukanisa:

• Izinkinobho;
• Ovals;
• Ifomu eliphakathi kwekhasi;
• I-Spherical;
• Nxazonke;
• I-Semicircular;
• Ifomu le-teardrop;
• Amapharele wesimo esingavamile.

Njengoba izipho zasolwandle sezilokhu zithandwa kakhulu, ziye zasetshenziswa ukuhlobisa izingubo zobukhosi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi ebhapathizwa ngoLouis XIII, uMaria Medici wayegqoke ingubo ehlotshiswe ngamapharele angu-30 000.

Kodwa amaparele amnyama aseYurophu aqala ukubona kuphela ngekhulu le-XV. Kwenzeka ngenxa kaHernando Cortes. Emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, imvelaphi yalezi zinhlobo itholakala eduze nentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika, eGulf of California. Ngezindlela eziningi, kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi iLa Paz iye yahluma, okwamanje ibhekwa njengesikhungo samazwe amnyama amapharele.

Kodwa iNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi u-Elizabeth I yazisa kuqala futhi amaparele avela eChina. Wazihlobisa ngezimbambo ezimbalwa ngasikhathi sinye, futhi ngokuyinhloko nje kuphela entanyeni yombusi owayengabheka kuze kube yizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyigugu.

Umbusi waseSpain uPhilip II wayephethe iparele, ebizwa ngokuthi "uPerigrina". Kuyaziwa ngabachwepheshe esikhathini sethu. Le jewel idlula ngakwesokunene. Wayenempahla:

• Napoleon III;
• UMaria Tudor;
• Elizabeth Taylor.

Kwakuwumzamo we-"Perigrina" wokugcina owaba yiyona nto eyinhloko yezingubo zokunethezeka ezidalwe yi-"Cartier" jewelers.

Amapharele adumile

Ukucaciswa kwemvelaphi yamaparele kunjalo ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwamabhere amaningana abe munye kuyinto engavamile kakhulu. Uma abakwa-catchers bekhipha ingcebo enjalo yolwandle, lokhu kuveza i-furore phakathi kwabachwepheshe. Elinye lamaparele ajwayelekile, ahlanganisa amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, abizwa ngokuthi "Great Cross Cross". Iqukethe izakhi eziyisishiyagalolunye.

Elinye igama elidumile "I-Princess of Palawan". Yakhiwa ku-mollusk Tridakna. Isisindo somcebo wolwandle ngu-2.3 kg. Esikhathini ububanzi bebhedi singaphezu kuka-15 cm. Lesi sipho sasolwandle sabekwa endalini eBonhams ye-auction eLos Angeles, ehlelwe yi-Museum of Natural History.

Kodwa iparele eliyigugu kakhulu yiyona "Regent". Ubukeka njengeqanda futhi kwakuyinkomba yomndeni yamaBonapartes. Indaba ilandisa ukuthi iparele lathengwa njengesipho kuMaria Louise, ozobe engumfazi wombusi esikhathini esizayo. Le mikhiqizo yaqedwa ngo-1811. Khona-ke ingcebo yolwandle yafika kuF Faberge futhi yagcinwa eqoqweni laseSt. Petersburg. Endalini ngo-2005, ijoli elihle kakhulu liye lafika ku-$ 2.5 million kumnikazi omusha.

Imithombo enkulu kunawo wonke, ekhishwe olasha olwandle olwalukhona emhlabeni wethu, yabizwa ngokuthi "Pearl of Allah". Indawo yokuvela - ePhilippines. Isisindo - 6.35 kg, nobubanzi buka 23.8 cm. Inani - 32,000 carats. Iparele ifakwe ku-Guinness Book of Records.

Amapharele aseTahiti

Kuzo zonke amaparele alinywe, ama-black Tahiti kamuva adalwe. Ngenxa yokudla kwayo, i-Pinctada margaritifera mollusks iyalinywa. Lezi zinsuku ezimnyama ezikhiqizwa yizinto eziphilayo yizo kuphela eziphilayo eziphilayo. Noma yimuphi omunye ubuhlalu obudaywe.

Isici samapharele aseTahiti - ukukhula okusheshayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuphela amaphesenti amancane okuphila kolwandle angakha iparele. Ijezi ngalinye lihlukile, lihlukile kwabanye. Ngezingcingo eziningi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ubucwebe bamaparele amnyama aseTahiti buyaluleka, ngoba inqubo yokusebenza nayo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi idinga amakhono amaningi, amandla kanye nesikhathi. Ama-jewelers akhethekile afanelekayo emisebenzi yamapharele amakhulu namakhulu ubuhlalu, adalwe yi-mollusks.