Indlela ukutshala utamatisi izithombo ekhaya?

Ngokwe-izici ukunambitheka utamatisi isahola phakathi nezinye imifino. Utamatisi kakhulu ukushisa-onothando, ngakho etshalwa ngokuyinhloko inqamula izithombo. Thola isivuno esihle, futhi mhlawumbe ekhaya, uma wazi ukuthi ukutshala utamatisi izithombo.

Ukuphoqa izithombo - isigaba kubaluleke kakhulu utamatisi ezikhulayo oqala ukulungiswa imbewu. Imbewu ziqhume Ukuboshelwa wonkhe umuntfu kweyeme etinyatselweni ubheka ubungako bawo, ukuminyana, degree of ripeness, nezakhi zofuzo, njll Ngakho ayihlwanyelayo utamatisi izithombo hhayi ngaphandle pretreatment ukuthuthukisa ukuhluma futhi isitshalo ukukhiqiza ..

ukulungiselela imbewu

Ngisho wokwazi ukutshala utamatisi izithombo, musa wusizo uma imbewu eliphansi. Ukukhetha yabo ibaluleke kakhulu futhi sikhathi esibucayi. Imbewu sokuvuna ngonyaka odlule akudingekile ukusebenzisa, imiphumela emihle, bengavumi ukukunika. Kungcono ukuthenga izinhlobo ezimbalwa okukhethekile ezitolo noma emakethe. Ngemva zonyaka ezimbalwa, sizokwazi ukuthi yimaphi ama-kubo unika isivuno esingcono.

A utamatisi izithombo ezinhle ekhiqizwa kuphela kusuka imbewu eliphezulu. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuba usuqonda ngokususa ezingenalutho, encane noma ezilimele. Ungakwazi uthele imbewu ngamanzi anosawoti, uhlanganise kahle futhi ake ume imizuzu emihlanu, khona-ke susa antantayo, kanti bonke abanye phansi ngamanzi ahlanzekile izikhathi eziningana futhi omisiwe. Imbewu izinhlobo ezahlukene kuyinto efiselekayo ukugcina ngokwehlukile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, angase zihambisana ucezu gauze, ibekwe ngaphakathi ilebula on the isikhwama.

Ngemva kwalokho disinfected imbewu. Gwema izifo ezifana nomdlavuza futhi webhaktheriya bola apical, ke kusiza nokugcina imbewu amahora 24 e 0.8% acetic isixazululo acid. Vimbela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kusiza umuntu amaphesenti isixazululo potassium permanganate, imbewu agcinwa imizuzu 20-30. Ngemva kwalokho, kufanele siyakazwe ngaphansi kwamanzi agelezayo.

Ukuze kwenziwe ngcono ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu, badinga amahora ambalwa ukuze kulungele ngamanzi ashisayo ukugijima (ungasebenzisa thermos, phansi izikhwama). Khona-ke imbewu igcinwe burlap ezimanzi amabili kuya izinsuku ezintathu ezingeni lokushisa 25 ° C. Incipiently imbewu germinating ezihlwanyelwe enhlabathini olumanzi okuxekethile. Ngemva enjalo ukulungiselela izithombo ukuvela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2.

Imbewu babe ukumelana okushisa aphansi, usebenzisa ukuqina. Kuze kube yimanje, imbewu zingavuvukalanga ezibekwe kule esiqandisini amahora 24-48. Ukuze uthuthukise isivuno kungenziwa imbewu isixazululo usuku ammonium nitrate (4%) noma isixazululo potassium usawoti (2%) ivinjelwe. A yi enhle ingatholakala ukubeka imbewu ngendlela 0.5% isixazululo aqueous of sulfate manganese ukuba ukhethe sulfate amahora nambili.

Ukuze kusebenzeke ingasetshenziswa ukukhula nabalawuli ongenza ekuphileni imbewu imibungu, disinfects kubo futhi kuthuthukisa izimfanelo ukunambitheka kanye umsoco isithelo. Waphatha imbewu amahora eziyisithupha ku-18 ° C. Isetshenziswe isixazululo fresh kuphela. Ngemva ukwelashwa, imbewu kufanele omisiwe.

Uma izidakamizwa oshiwo ngenhla ayitholakali, ungasebenzisa izinkuni umlotha. Ukuze wenze lokhu ngamalitha amahlanu amanzi, okuyinto pre-sekuqala ukufudumala elangeni, buhlanjululwe cishe eziyishumi wezipuni umlotha. Usuku lonke isixazululo kumele kube ngezikhathi ibangele (by izikhathi 4-6), bese sokukhipha uthele izimbiza, ngamunye okuyinto kwehlisa gauze izikhwama imbewu kohlobo olulodwa amahora amathathu.

ukulungiselela umhlabathi

Ukuze ukutshala utamatisi izithombo wanika imiphumela emihle, kudingeka inhlabathi kahle. Substrate kumele babe izici ezilandelayo: ukuthungwa ukukhanya, umoya futhi umswakama permeability, ukungabi kwamagciwane bese ikhipha imali eyanele nomsoco kanye nezinto eziphilayo friability.

ongakhetha Okungase kube yisithombo inhlabathi

Ukuze samuntu sokuqala isetshenziswa, umhlaba horticultural, humus, Peat noma emnyama extruded (1: 1: 1). Ukungeza izinkuni umlotha (pint ebhakedeni emhlabathini ingxube), superphosphate (ibhakede ephumela emhlabathini mayelana ezimbili ebuyelelwe yasetjenziswa). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudingeka amanzi ukuze moisten ingxube.

Okwesibili samuntu - kuthathwe Ogorodnov phansi, sicindezelwe noma emnyama Peat kanye humus esikhundleni emfuleni isihlabathi (zonke ohlangothini olulodwa). Amaminerali umquba kunezelwa njengenhlangano isixazululo aqueous (10 amalitha amanzi ukuthatha 20 g we potassium sulfate, urea - 10 g, superphosphate - 30 g).

Ukutshala utamatisi izithombo ngaphandle ngamapiki engenziwa usebenzisa Peat zithutha. I Peat pellet ububanzi 33-36 mm abatshalwé izimbewu ezimbili. Lapho akhiwa isitshalo izimpande, it is utshalwe umthamo isigamu-litre.

Utamatisi izithombo ekhaya zingatshalwa emhlabathini amamiksi kuthiwa ngomumo kusuka esitolo. abakhiqizi abazihluphayo benza phansi zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo kanye nezakhi.

izithombo ezikhulayo

Ngaphambi kokuba atshale utamatisi yisithombo inhlabathi ingxube moisten futhi uthele esitsheni. Ground angabekwa futhi ohlangene, yenza furrow elilodwa isentimitha ukujula nge Isikhala ngamasentimitha amahlanu. Khona-ke ngihlaliswa emiseleni imbewu futhi bafafazwe inhlabathi.

kwamanzi inhlabathi kumele oswakanyiswe. Packagings nge izithombo kudingeka amboze ifilimu wafaka endaweni elikhanyayo ezingeni lokushisa hhayi ngaphansi kuka 22 ⁰ C. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, lapho avele amahlumela, ifilimu kungaba zisuswe, futhi yisithombo ibhokisi ukubeka ezingeni lokushisa aphansi (15 ° C) I-4 izinsuku -6. kamuva Cishe ngesonto, lapho amahlumela banamandla, izinga lokushisa wavuselwa degrees 24 emini, ebusuku - ama-degree angu-12.

Kwake kwathi ngo-utamatisi kuyoba amabili kuya kwamathathu leaf, bona ngena izimbiza ezigcwele nenye umhlabathi, bazithela potassium permanganate (10 amalitha amanzi -. 0.5 g potassium permanganate). izitshalo ababuthakathaka futhi ezilimele ayalahlwa. Ukuze ukukhula asebenzayo kohlelo impande utamatisi main impande ingcosana at Swordplay. Ezikuhlabayo out izithombo bazithela njalo ngesonto, benaka yokuthi phakathi waterings umhlabathi yini wome.

Plant Care

Izithombo kufanele fed. Ngokokuqala ngqá lokhu kwenziwa izinsuku eziyishumi emva Pick, ikhambi ezilandelayo: 10 amalitha amanzi, superphosphate - 30 g we urea - 4 g potassium sulphate - 10 g Umanyolo Ready angathengwa at esitolo.

Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-14, okwenza bona kube sigqoka yesibili. Ngemva ukusuthisa izithombo kudingeka uthele phezu futhi kuhlukaniswe inhlabathi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izithombo ukuchelela wayengekho ngokweqile: kungabangela ukugula noma ukufa izitshalo.

ukukhanyisa

Ngaphezu kwalokho, utamatisi izithombo ekhaya abadinga izibani okuhle. Illumination kuyinto yekwentiwa kanye asebenzayo. Esimweni sokuqala, kuvulwa iwindi ibekwe isikrini lembhali. Ngo asebenzayo okukhanyisa Indlela ngezincwadi izibani. Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezimbalwa okunxanelekayo iwashi ukukhanyisa, njengoba notamatisi efunwa kakhulu kwi ukukhanya.

Okuhle elangeni yisimo ezidingekayo ukuze uthole izithombo izinga utamatisi.

Kanjani ukuze aphuzise izitshalo?

Izithombo wanisela ngokulinganisela, ekuqaleni impela isipuni. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthambisa ngokweqile uzobe kabi athuthukile izimpande ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo. Ukunisela ukwanda kancane kancane, ubukele izimo zezulu. Ngo abandayo sezulu kokuphuza efaka umquba proizodit kancane, izinsuku sunny futhi hot - kaningi. Ukunisela kuyadingeka uma kudingeka, ekuvimbeleni umhlabathi omiswe. Better hhayi ukusebenzisa amanzi le njongo, futhi isixazululo Umanyolo ababuthakathaka.

Izithombo utamatisi for greenhouse kumele zidlule inqubo ukuqina, okuyinto ukwandisa ukupholisa. Utamatisi kumele idluliselwe abamba ukushisa, engesiyo evuthayo, futhi ume khona emasontweni ambalwa efasiteleni avaliwe. Uma kungekho frost, ungakwazi kancane kancane ukushiya izimbobo ajar isikhashana, bese ebashiya evulekile ebusuku ngeviki. Ngemva kwalokho, kungenziwa izithombo lukhuni itshalwe emhlabathini.

Indlela ukunquma izinga izithombo?

Proper utamatisi izithombo oluhlaza, amahlamvu evuthiwe akukho zinsalela omhlophe noma amabala. isitshalo Kubi kancane liphuma, awusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi bephonsa imbewu elingenamikhono ine ijamo okungajwayelekile, kabi luyakhula futhi eba.

Kodwa khumbula ukuthi izitshalo kamuva kwenyukile yokuthi Kuhlwanyelwa kumuntu ukujula kunaloyo lotfolwa ngibo bonkhe, kanye igobolondo is hhayi kabusha ngenxa yomhlabathi-non-ohlangene. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba icwecwe phansi futhi ayingcwabe imbewu efanayo - abese Kuphendula capsule kuyoba uphawu olucacile ukuthi izinga eliphansi imbewu isivuno esihle abakwazi ukulinda.

Swordplay izithombo

Utamatisi izithombo ngena ngokunethezeka uma isitshalo sikulungele abasha ngabanye esitsheni ivolumu 0.5 amalitha. Okuningi ekhephuzelayo uhlelo impande ingafinyelela uphole impande main.

izindlela ngamapiki

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukeneyo lokhu ezolimo:
- ukutshala eyodwa isitshalo. Lokhu kunikeza a izithombo eqinile ne uhlelo oluhle impande;
- ukutshala izitshalo ezimbili elilodwa. Izitshalo okuholela ube izimpande amabili. Ngenxa yalesi simila neziqu, lapho zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha-15 cm kudingeka uvalwe tie ngentambo inayiloni. Ngemva Fusion amahlumela kufanele kususwe intambo. Khona-ke, phusha ichopho we izitshalo buthaka. Le ndlela kulinywe kuyasiza ukwandisa umkhiqizo. Sebenzisa ngokuvamile izinhlobo ubude.

Lapho ukutshala izithombo?

Abalimi abaningi bakhathazekile ngomphumela isikhathi sokutshala utamatisi izithombo emhlabathini, indlela ukunquma ukulungela yayo? Thina isilungele zitshala stem is uqweqwe akukho cm ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 namahlamvu 6-7. Kanye internodes iDemo kanye imbali shayela.

Ifike e ekhanyayo kufanele kwenziwe uma usongo frost isidlulile, okungukuthi, ngasekupheleni kuka May - ekuqaleni kuka June. Iphendula umbuzo isikhathi sokutshala utamatisi izithombo, kudingeka ucabangele lokho sezulu zone lokhu kwenzeka. Ukuze ivikele izitshalo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa impahla nezambatho. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi okushisa ngezansi 15 ⁰ C ezingapheli zingayilimaza ukukhula kanye zezimbali.

Amaphutha Lapho ekhula izithombo

Abalimi abaningi bayazi ukuthi ukutshala utamatisi izithombo, kodwa noma kunjalo hhayi bangawela emaphutheni. Nqaba ngekhwalithi kanye ukukhiqiza usizo:
- eliphansi phansi;
- ukuhlukumeza kwezimiso lokushisa, ukuntuleka ukukhanya, ukuthambisa okungafanele;
- ukutshala utamatisi izithombo ekuseni kakhulu;
- ukusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezingesiyo amelana esisuka;
- ukuntuleka ukuqina.

Too inhlabathi oswakanyiswe, ukukhanyisa enganele kanye okushisa aphakeme kuholele ekunqandeni ukunwebeka izithombo, ukukhula kwawo yellowing futhi ngimpofu impande. Ukwephula lokushisa namanzi imibuso kubangela thinning nendawo yokulala umoba yezitshalo, amahlamvu abe ziyaqothuka, iwe izimbali kanye efihlekile.

Ukutshala utamatisi izithombo

Endaweni ezivikelekile, ovuthayo kahle futhi evuthayo izithombo etshalwe okuzenzela utamatisi. Indlela yokutshala isivuno esihle utamatisi kusuka izithombo zabo? Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzomele ulandele iziqondiso ezithile.

Utamatisi kungase kube nenkulumo yamaphuzu ithanga, iklabishi, okusabhontshisi, izaqathe kanye anyanisi. Indawo lapho pepper ukhulile, isitshalo seqanda, amazambane, utamatisi ingasetshenziswa iminyaka emithathu.

Utamatisi kungukuthi ikakhulukazi afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye kwenhlabathi nasekulondolozweni, kodwa namanje kungcono ukusebenzisa ukukhanya, loamy noma nenhlabathi sandy.

Ukuze ufike amahlumela, udinga ukuba silungiselele kahle futhi uthele amanzi. Ukutshala izithombo eqinile at engela kwesokudla. izinhlobonhlobo Tall noma izithombo welulela, ukugqashuka at 45 °.

Khona-ke kudingeka ugcwalise umgodi emhlabathini, bazithela futhi ohlangene. Eduze isiqu Kudingeka unamathele isikhonkwane ngokuthi ukusekelwa isitshalo.

Isikhawu phakathi imigqa inakekelwa mayelana 70 cm phakathi kwezitshalo - 30-40 cm.

Growing utamatisi ekhaya - akuwona neze umsebenzi olula, kodwa doable. Ngokweyame ezinhlinzekweni lokufikela imithetho, ngisho balimi ongenalwazi bangahlangana isivuno esikhulu. Futhi lokhu kuzosiza ulwazi ukutshala utamatisi izithombo.