Indlela ukuhambisa nemisundu eminingi? Indima okusasibungu ngokwemvelo

Earthworm (lat. Lumbricidae) utfolakala kuluhlobo of ezingenamgogodla kanye nemisundu eminingi suborder (Haplotaxida). lomzimba walo yakhiwa izingxenye annular, iyiphi inombolo bengase bazikhandlele 320! Lezi zilwane esakazwa kuwo wonke amagumbi planethi yethu. Ayikho-ke nje e-Antarctica. Isikhathi esining impela abantwana unesithakazelo ukuthi uhambisa nemisundu eminingi. Kulesi sihloko sihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe le nkinga, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo bafunde ngokubukeka kwabo, impilo kanye imodi yokuzalana.

Indlela yokuphila nemisundu eminingi

Uma ekuseni noma emva kwemvula ukuba udabule leli engadini, ingadi yemifino, ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba umthetho, kungabonwa phansi nedlanzana inhlabathi incane ukhiphe yizimpethu, futhi ukubona ngokwabo nasesikhathini amaxhaphozi. Ngenxa yokuthi laba bantu ukukhasa kuya ebusweni emva kwemvula ngemva kwabo, futhi igama lajwayeleka. Earthworm (isithombe, ngenhla, ubonisa lo ezilwane ezingenamgogodla) futhi aqala ku komhlaba ebusuku. Njengomthetho, ukhetha inhlabathi humus-ocebile, ngakho-ke asivamile ukubonwa ku sandstones. Ukungathandwa nenhlabathi okusasibungu futhi exhaphozini. Lezi zici zichazwe nge bokuphila izici Lumbricidae. Iqiniso lokuthi izibungu ukuphefumula lonke ebusweni umzimba wakhe embozwe epidermis okusaluketshezi. Esikhathini ayegcwele umswakama kakhulu kancane ziyoncibilika emoyeni. Ngenxa yalokho, i-okusasibungu lapho ibhulukwe. By endleleni, lokhu kuchaza ukuziphatha kwakhe emvuleni. Inhlabathi eyomile futhi umonakala abameleli Haplotaxida: isikhumba sabo esomile, futhi ephefumula izitobhi. Ngo manzi futhi efudumele sezulu nemisundu eminingi (isithombe ngezansi ikhombisa Lumbricidae kulo lonke ngokuthi "inkazimulo") aphethwe hlabathi. Nge nokuncipha lokushisa, kanye nomhlaba obhekwe nenkathi yokomisa bona ukukhasa ku kujula inhlabathi izingqimba.

ukubukeka nemisundu eminingi

Abadala ukufinyelela 30 amasentimitha ubude, nakuba zikhona ezinye izimo namasayizi amakhulu. umzimba okusasibungu ezishelelayo, bushelelezi, has simise cylindrical, siqukethe izingxenye - piercework izindandatho. umthethosisekelo okunjalo alichaza yokuphila Lumbricidae: isakhiwo like kusiza ukuhamba kwenhlabathi. Inombolo piercework izindandatho ifinyelela anamakhulu mabini. surface body okungase evamile ubizwe emuva, convex, ventral - flat futhi ulula. On umzimba inyokane, lapho front end yayo usuphothuliwe, kukhona ukuqina, okuthiwa ibhande. Kukhona nezindlala ekhethekile ukukhiqiza uketshezi okunamathelayo. Phakathi ukuphindwaphindwa ibhande Kumiswa amaqanda Iqanda umfece ukuthuthukisa kuwo.

Indlela ukuhambisa nemisundu eminingi?

Abamele Haplotaxida ukukhasa. Okokuqala, donsa front end yomzimba wakhe, ninamathele uboya, okuyinto zitholakala ohlangothini ventral esiyingini, nge semfene ka komhlaba. Ngemva kwalokho kukhona ukusikwa imisipha kanye emuva ingxenye yomzimba edonswa phambili. Ukunyakaza kwabantu noma izithunzi worm emhlabathini ungachazwa ukuthi kucaba amavesi enhlabathini. Kulokhu nesiphelo ezicijile zomzimba ukuthi odlulela phansi, nangemva ekucindezela phakathi izinhlayiya zayo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, njengoba nemisundu eminingi kwelinye izingqimba ayazika. Phakathi ukunyakaza, bona ukugwinya umhlaba wadlula ngokusebenzisa amathumbu. Inhlabathi izimpethu bavame ukuba igwinye ngesikhathi ukujula eside, futhi ikhishwe ngokusebenzisa ingquza isivele phezulu, eduze mink yakhe. Kungaba avame ukubonakala phansi ehlobo ngesimo izigaxa futhi "izintambo zezicathulo" side.

Earthworm eziphilayo yayo

Izibungu abe nemisipha evuthiwe, ngenxa okuyinto futhi okwenziwe kwaba nokwenzeka ngale ndlela: ikhambo. imisipha yabo atholakala ngaphansi epidermis, eqinisweni, bona, kanye isikhumba akha uhlobo isikhumba-kwemisipha sac. Imisipha asezindaweni izingqimba ezimbili. Ngokushesha imisipha annular zitholakala ngaphansi epidermis, nangaphansi kubo - owesibili, mkhulu ungqimba longitudinal (sakhiwa eside contractile Imicu yotshani). Phakathi kokucindezelwa of longitudinal imisipha okusasibungu umzimba iba mkhulu futhi mfushane. Nge wokwehla indandatho ezicutshini, kunalokho, - eside futhi mncane. Enye ekunciphiseni kokubili izingqimba imisipha, wenziwa ngaphansi kwethonya ekhelini e nezicubu imisipha isimiso sezinzwa futhi kubangela ukunyakaza Lumbricidae.

Move izimpethu lula kakhulu ukuba khona engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba encane bristle. Bazizwa, uma ubambe umunwe olumanzi esiswini worm kusukela ezingemuva ezibheke front end. Ngalezi bristles nemisundu eminingi hhayi kuphela ukuhambisa emhlabathini, kodwa futhi "ubambe" ngenxa yezwe, lapho ozama ukudonsa. nabo basize avuke futhi bawe on esezenziwe umhlaba uhamba. Lokhu kuphetha idili bethu umbuzo kanjani ukuhambisa nemisundu eminingi, futhi niqhubeke ukuba amaqiniso njengoba ezithakazelisayo mayelana Lumbricidae ukuphila.

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi

Sokujikeleza uhlelo nemisundu eminingi siqukethe imikhumbi emibili longitudinal - futhi ventral umgogodla, kanye namagatsha awo yokuxhuma. Ngenxa imisipha kwezindonga igazi kunesenzakalo esivusa wonke umzimba. Igazi nemisundu eminingi ebomvu. Ngalo, ukuxhumana Kumiswa phakathi kwezitho zangaphakathi, futhi kwenziwe umzimba. igazi afundwa ithwala compounds izakhi kusuka ngokweqile, izitho zokugaya, nomoya-mpilo enikeziwe kusukela isikhumba. Ngasikhathi sinye, izicubu lisuselwa-carbon dioxide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igazi kwezitho okukhiphayo Kwabiwa compounds ezingadingekile futhi elimazayo.

Nutrition nemisundu eminingi

Ngesisekelo amandla abameleli Haplotaxida ukwenza isitshalo izinsalela ebolile. Ngokuvamile ebusuku nemisundu eminingi idonsa umgodi emaqabungeni azo, sifanamsindvo kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakwazi idlule senhlabathi yakho emathunjini humus-ocebile.

Ukucasuka we nemisundu eminingi

Special izinzwa nemisundu eminingi akudingeki. ezenzeka ngaphandle bebona ngokusebenzisa isimiso sezinzwa. Izikelemu kakhulu athuthukile umqondo touch. Njengoba amangqamuzana ezinzwa e ukuthi banesibopho ke, zitholakala kulo lonke ebusweni isikhumba. Nozwela okusasibungu omkhulu kangangokuthi ukukhanya iyehla iyenyuka kakhulu inhlabathi ngibenze njengoba fast ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ufihle ku Burrows noma izingqimba ezijulile umhlaba. Nokho, ukubaluleka ebucayi kwalapho akugcini umsebenzi touch. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ngokusebenzisa la mangqamuzana nemisundu eminingi bayakwazi ukuzizwa imisebe yokukhanya. Ngakho, uma isibungu ebusuku ukuthumela ugongolo flashlight, uzoshabalala ngesivinini endaweni ephephile.

Animal ekuphenduleni yimuphi ukushukuma, eyenziwa sibonga isimiso sezinzwa, esibizwa ngokuthi i-reflex. Ukuze ahlukanise phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukene ikhaliphe. Ngakho, zokunciphisa umzimba okusasibungu kusukela omthintayo futhi ukunyakaza kwakhe erobhothini okungazelelwe umsebenzi ukuphepha. Lena reflex zokuzivikela. Ukuhlolwa ososayensi baye babonisa ukuthi nemisundu eminingi ungakwazi ukuhogela. Ngenxa nephunga bathola ukudla.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Nemisundu eminingi nokuzala ucansi, nakuba ngokuvamile protostomes kukhona hermaphrodites. Ngamunye Haplotaxida omele abe izitho wesilisa, okuyinto abizwa testes (lapho isidoda ukuthuthukisa) kanye nezinhlaka besifazane ngokuthi amaqanda (Iqanda amaseli akhiwa kuzo). Earthworm lizalela amaqanda alo lo umfece lwamafinyila. Kumiswa It is kusukela into ikhishwe ngokusebenzisa ibhande. umfece Landelayo njengoba bamba ingena off umzimba futhi babambisana enisemikhawulweni. Uhlala phansi uma nje izibungu abasha aphume kuye. Umfece kuvikela amaqanda kusukela umswakama kanye nezinye imiphumela emibi.

Futhi ufunani izibungu?

Lesi sigaba kuyoba wusizo kulabo abacabanga ukuthi nemisundu eminingi kuthiwa idingeka kuphela lokudoba. Yiqiniso, umdobi ngaphandle kwabo akukho ukwenza ngaphandle nabo emfuleni, kodwa yonke emihle evela abameleli Lumbricidae. Indima inyokane ngokwemvelo omkhulu kangangokuthi asikwazi babenesibindi esikhulu. Isiza noqhekeko of udaba eziphilayo emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nemisundu eminingi enothisa ezweni Umanyolo eziwusizo - humus. kunjalo futhi uhlobo inkomba: uma umhlabathi eqhukethe izimpethu, khona-ke evundile.

A ukuqonda ngokugcwele indima Haplotaxida yisintu muva nje. Kodwa manje, abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali Umanyolo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zibulala yonke into ephilayo. Namuhla, amakhemikhali okunye kutholakala - Vermicompost futhi Vermicompost. Empeleni, kuba Wand magic emhlabathini, ngoba ziqukethe semali phosphorus, i-potassium, i-nitrogen, yilelo kanye izinto ezidingekayo ukuze sithole izitshalo ekukhuleni kwazo.

isiphetho

Nemisundu eminingi kukhona ukuxhumana okubalulekile kakhulu ukwakheka inhlabathi. Ake sibheke le nqubo. In autumn amaqabunga ewa izihlahla zigutshuzelwe lonke kobuso bomhlaba. Ngemva nje kwalokho, namagciwane asenhlabathini ukuthatha icala futhi amahlamvu ukubola esinyathelweni umquba. Khona-ke sithathe izimpethu baton okwenziwa ngaphambi kwamahlamvu isinyathelo Vermicompost. Ngakho Umanyolo eyigugu kakhulu enhlabathini.